Where is the soft sign written? Soft sign (ь) at the end of nouns after sibilants

Letter b written inside a word, not after prefixes to separate the consonant from those following it in pronunciation And, e, Yu, I, for example: quarry, loach, weeds, clerk, family, gun, at night, rye, passerine, curious, fox, fox, fox, whose, whose, whose, I drink, I sew.Note. Letter b before O written in some foreign words, for example: battalion, broth, guillotine, carmagnola, companion, minion, pavilion, postman, champignon.§ 72. Letter b written to indicate the softness of a consonant, except h, sch(see § 75), at the end of a word, for example: drink, darkness, horse, and in the middle of a word before a hard consonant, for example: threshing, request, nanny, less.To indicate the softness of a consonant that comes before another soft consonant, b is written in the following cases: If, when a word is changed, the second soft consonant becomes hard, and the first consonant retains its softness, for example: nanny (nanny), wedding (wedding), eighth (eighth). To indicate softness l, for example: herring, flatter, smaller, finger. In all other cases, before soft consonants, including before h, sch, letter b not written, for example: bones, early, nurse, tip, mason.Note. Between two soft ones l letter b not written, for example: illusion, booming.§ 73. Letter b also written in the following cases: In those formed from the numerals five, six, seven, eight, nine syllable numerals in which both parts are declined, for example: fifty (fifty, fifty), sixty, seventy, eighty, nine hundred, but: fifteen (fifteen, fifteen), sixteen, etc. . p. In creative forms. pad. plural h., for example: children, people, also four. In an indefinite form before -xia and in the imperative mood before -xia And -those, for example: drink - get drunk; fix it - fix it,correct; weigh in - weigh in, weigh it.§ 74. Letter b not written: In adjectives with suffix -sk- formed from nouns in b, for example: Kazansky (Kazan), Kemsky (Kem), Siberian (Siberia), Zversky (beast), January (January). Note. The adjectives September, October, November, December, June, densky (day-day) are written with b; Adjectives derived from Chinese names are also written in the same way. -ny , for example: Yunnanese (from Yunnan).In the family pad. plural h. from nouns to -nya with a preceding consonant or th and in those formed from them using the suffix -To- diminutives, for example: cherry - cherry, cherry; slaughterhouse - slaughterhouse; reading room - reading room; but: bathhouse - bathhouse, bathhouse; apple tree - apple tree, apple tree; also village - villages, hamlet; young lady - young ladies; kitchen - kitchen, kitchenette.§ 75. After sizzling ( and, h, w, sch) letter b written only in the following cases: At the end of nouns female in them and wine pad. units h., for example: rye, night, mouse. At the end of the 2nd person unit. h. present and future tense of the verb after the final w, for example: you carry - you rush, you carry - you rush, you accept - you accept. At the end of the verb in singular. part of the imperative mood, and letter b is preserved before -xia , for example: smear - smear yourself; hide - hide; eat. In plural. part of the imperative mood before -those, - be careful, for example: smear - smear; hide - hide; eat. At the end of a verb in an indefinite form, and letter b written before -xia, for example: cut, cut your hair. In all dialects after the final w And h , for example: completely, gallop, away, and also in the adverb wide open. At the end of the particles: you see, you see, only, you see.

Soft sign is not written in words in the following cases:

• in nouns male : brick, lily of the valley, beach, win, comrade, hoop, carriage, hut, jumble;
• in nouns in the form genitive case plural: no galoshes, a few clouds, many tasks, treasure hunt;
• short adjectives have masculine gender: hot, powerful, creaky, free-flowing, effervescent, odorous, similar, tenacious, dense;
• for nouns ending in -nya in the genitive plural form: a song - many songs, a tavern - many taverns. Exception words: melon - many melons, young lady - many young ladies, hawthorn - hawthorn, razinya - razin, village - villages, kitchen - kitchens.

• The soft sign after the hissing ones at the end of the word is not written, as already indicated; masculine nouns have 2 declensions: cloak, dugout, strength, ivy, dexterity. Feminine and neuter nouns can also do without a soft sign, but, unlike the masculine genders used in the plural genitive case:

  task - tasks - (no) task

  roof - roofs - (no) roof

  failure - failures - (without) failure

  storage - storage - (no) storage

  school - schools - (many) schools

  The feminine noun mascara (eyelash dye) should not be confused with the masculine noun, which loses the soft sign at the end - tush (solemn march), and, of course, with the genitive plural: tush - mascara - (no) tush.

  But not only nouns can boast of the absence of a soft sign after sibilants: short adjectives also do not like this letter at the end of the word:

  similar - (what?) similar

  dense - dense

  odorous - odorous

  molting - linyuCh

  Adverbs ending in hissing are usually written with a soft sign - back, backhand.

  Only three of them stood out, and were well remembered by high school girls - UZH, Married, Unbearable.

  And let’s also add particles AJ and UZH: The sky was already breathing in autumn... There was already a chill on the skin...

  Let's sum it up.

  ь (soft sign) after the hissing words at the end of the word WRITE:

  1. in verbs and verb forms;
  2. feminine nouns have 3 declensions;
  3. in adverbs (3 exceptions)
  4. in particles (except AF, UZH)

  ь (soft sign) after hissing words at the end of the word we DO NOT WRITE:

  1. masculine nouns have 2 declensions;
  2. in plural nouns, genitive case;
  3. in short adjectives;
  4. in the adverbs Already, Married, Unbearable.

• The soft sign is not written after the hissing ones:

  1. For masculine nouns singular. Rook, doctor, ball, bream.
  2. Nouns have plurals in the genitive case. Shoulders, clouds, niches.
  3. Adjectives have a short form. Powerful, drawn out, smelly, handsome, good.
  4. At pronouns. Ours, yours.
  5. At the end of the patronymic. Petrovich, Lvovich.

  Also, a soft sign is not written for exception words - already, married, unbearable and at the end of the particles w, really.

  There are only four sibilants in the Russian language. These are Sh, Shch, Zh and Ch. There are no other hissing ones. And the fact that two of them are always hard (Zh and Sh), and the remaining two are always soft (Ch and Shch) is very important. Thus, a soft sign will not help soften hard sibilants, and its absence will not help harden soft ones. This is very important to know in order to understand: the presence or absence of a soft sign after sibilants at the end of words is a grammatical clue. But at the same time, it’s a mystery if we don’t know how to write it correctly.

  Soft sign NOT is written:

  1. At the end of masculine nouns. In this case, there is no need to determine the declination, since it A) will still be second; b) doesn't matter. For example: kush, beam, carcass.
  2. At the end of feminine nouns that are in the genitive plural form. In this case, it is desirable to determine both gender and number. Otherwise, you may not understand what kind of word this is, for example, groves? For example: bush, grove, cloud, carcass.
  3. At the end of corresponding short masculine adjectives. However, the gender cannot be different in our context. For example: mighty, burning, ebullient, prickly.
  4. At the end of some particles. For example: really, really, really good. And in some less frequently used ones.
  5. At the end of the most famous trinity of adverbs, already - nevperpzh - get married.
  6. Some foreign proper names are feminine. We will not give examples so as not to create possible visual confusion.

• For masculine nouns, the soft sign is not written: KAMYSH, KIBALCHISH, KID, INTERVIEWER, and for feminine nouns it is written: DAUGHTER, MOUSE, LITTLE, STUPID. in second person singular verbs, a soft sign is placed: YOU WRITE, READ, COUNT. in verbs of the third person singular. numbers, the soft sign is not placed: HE WRITES, READS, COUNTS.

Just, I mean, you see, you see

Examples for spelling warm-up: h b Re and b , young w b , We h b , di h b , But h b , full h b , before h b , ne w b , retu w b , su h b , those w , you b. w Kama sch , di and , comrades and , pay w , headlights h , feces sch , boron and , gara and , monta w ,gro h , traction h , obru sch , le sch , ovo sch , pla , pla h, h Yes sch , ro sch , matured sch , fire w , roof h , meet h , thousand and Sve and , prigo and , pogo and , entry and , similar and , not good and , similar and , ry and , bests and , du and , awkward h , broad-shouldered h , oho h , lol h , singing h , I live h , I'll jump h , traction h , I'm taking , bad luck h. w b Teach w b , teach Xia w b Xia w b , teach , wear w b , wear w b , carrying xia, w b losing w b , teach , losing w b , sleep w b , carrying , get some sleep familiar b m those familiar b , teach , familiar ; bro b With ; bro b , teach With ; bro b m With ; bro b bro hang on and , you ; otre w b Splo h b , sunday h b , about h b , for example h b , That h b -in-th h b , backwards and b , Nastya w b , naotma h , you

, nevmo

discover

Exercise No. 2. Put these nouns in R.P. pl. h, make up phrases with the subordinating connection management.

glib

Exercise No. 5. Replace the full forms of adjectives with short ones. Underline the adjectives as parts of the sentence. What part of the sentence are short adjectives?

Exercise No. 6. Change verbs according to patterns.

Explain the spelling of verb endings in the 3rd person plural form. numbers.

Exercise No. 7. Find the correspondence of phrases with synonymous adverbs with hissing, indicate the spelling.

Exercise No. 8. Fill in the columns of the table (indicate only word numbers)

1) lubricate_ 2) married_ 3) youth_4) supine_ 5) tractor_ 6) treasure_ 7) sushi_ 8) pursue_ 9) mighty_ 10) already_ 11) enter_ 12) hide_ 13) thing_ 14) fresh_ 15) skinny_ 16) violinist_ 17) completely_ 18) save_ 19) quiet_ 20) kalach_ 21) awkward_ 22) good_ 23) cottage_ 24) trifle_ 25) hidden_ ​​26) lie down_ 27) brooch_ 28) timing_ 29) hot_ 30) hard-working_ 31) luxury_ 32) brought_ 33) 34 ) speech_ 35) patronage_ 36) omniscient_ 37) electric oven_ 38) dry_ 39) pay off_ 40) false_ 41) prestige_ 42) revenge_ 43) kleish_ 44) sick_ 45) strongman_ 46) medical doctor_ 47) arbitration_ 48) brilliant_ 49) ish_ 50) smelly_

Methodological development Russian language lesson in 3rd grade on the topic "Soft sign (ь) at the end of nouns after hissing ones"

This lesson was developed according to the new standards of the Federal State Educational Standard, according to the “Perspective” program. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, 4 types of educational activities are formed in the lesson: personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative.

Lesson topic: “Soft sign at the end of nouns after hissing ones”

Purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to the spelling of a soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants.

Tasks:

Introduce the rule of writing a soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants;

Learn to plan and evaluate your work

Develop memory, thinking, attention.

To cultivate in students a tolerant attitude towards each other, the ability to listen to the opinions of others and express their point of view;

Foster independence and creative activity.

Didactic materials: handouts (cards)

During the classes.

1. Motivation for educational activities.

Good afternoon guys! Today I would like to start our lesson with a proverb: “Every day adds a piece of wisdom to us”

How do you understand it?

Our knowledge is wealth that we put in a chest, and when necessary, we take out this knowledge and use it.

Let's smile at each other, give each other good mood. May today's lesson bring us all the joy of communication.

Today in class, guys, you will have to complete many interesting tasks, make a very important discovery, and your helpers in this will be: attention, resourcefulness, and your knowledge.

2. Update background knowledge and fixing the problem

1) A minute of penmanship

Zhzh Shhh Shchshch

What can you say about these letters? Which one is the odd one out?

Write these letters in your notebook on the first line, alternating them.

Second line: reeds, stove, rye, ball, daughter, baby, crying, youth

What can you say about these words? (this is a noun, singular, ending in hissing sounds)

2) Fixing the difficulty.

Give these definitions in one word:

Football competition (match)

Twelve o'clock at night. (Midnight.)

Little child (Baby)

Hunter's catch (game)

What difficulties did you have in writing words? (Where to write b and where not to.)

What question arises? (Why is ь written after hissing words in some words, but not written in other words).

Who guessed what the topic of today's lesson is? (Spelling ь at the end of nouns after sibilants).

What goal will we set for ourselves in the lesson? (Find out when it is written and when it is not written)

3. Practicing the method of action. Construction of an algorithm for solving a spelling problem

match, midnight, crumb, game

Write words with a soft sign at the end in one column, and without a soft sign in the other.

What unites the words of the first group? (noun, unit h., w.r.) And the second? (noun, singular, m.p.) How do the words of the first group differ from the second? In what gender is a soft sign written and in which is it not written?

What conclusion can be drawn? (for feminine nouns a soft sign is written at the end, for masculine nouns it is not written)

This is your hypothesis, is it correct? The pages of the textbook will help answer this question.

Read the rule, let's compare it with the conclusion we made. Do they match? (Yes)

A soft sign after sibilants is written at the end of feminine nouns. This is a spelling.

Now let's work in pairs and try to create an algorithm for writing a soft sign in the word night (children work in groups independently)

The following algorithm is compiled:

1. Determine the part of speech.

2. Determine the genus.

3. If the noun is feminine, a soft sign is written.

4. If the noun is masculine, the soft sign is not written..

(Check and compare)

Let's return to the words that were written during the penmanship minute, check the correctness of our hypothesis.

– Let us check if you will fall into a trap while performing such a task?

Night.. – night..ka daughter..- daughter..ka

What's the trap?

(This is a completely different spelling).

4. Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition.

1) - Today we have compiled an algorithm for correctly writing a soft sign at the end of feminine and masculine nouns. And for what? When will this algorithm be useful to you? (When we write a dictation, complete tasks in order to write correctly).

And in order to check whether you have understood everything well, let’s work on our own.

Assignment for independent work you will find on the cards that are on your desks.

In the words given on the cards, you either write a soft sign or do not write. Prove the correctness of your choice.

Key..., bream..., stove..., thing..., night..., mouse..., pencil..., luggage..., pencil..., small thing..., jam..., ball..., hush...

Exchange cards and check whether your neighbor on the desk completed the task correctly (mutual check).

5. Physical training

We completed the tasks

And a little tired.

And now it's time

Let us all rest, friends.

I will name the nouns, and you, if a soft sign is written in a word, squat, if it is not written, you clap: night, tick, thing, trembling, baby, hut, brick, penny, mouse, comrade, ball, oven.

6. Independent work

1) Write down the phrases, insert the necessary words with a sibilant at the end.

Pencil..., cold..., polar..., fragrant..., ambulance..., sonorous...

2) Game "Fourth wheel"

Pencil... cloak... mouse... hut...

Brick... small thing... night... daughter...

Touch...key...things.... bake….

Rook….help…. executioner….kalach….

7. Reflection on learning activities in the lesson.

Tell me, what topic did we work on in class today? What was your goal?

Continue the phrases:

Before this lesson I didn’t know...

Now I know….

Can…

As a result of my work in class I…..

During the lesson I worked...

My mood…

I am very glad that this lesson was interesting and useful for you and that it was easy for you to work in the lesson. Thanks for the work!

The rules of the Russian language are quite difficult to master, because many of them involve different conditions writings, as well as exceptions to the rules. Therefore, in order to write competently, you need to clearly know and understand how the rules of the Russian language work in writing. Today we will talk about how to write a soft sign in in different words.

Spelling soft sign

• When is a soft separator written? Everything is simple here: the soft separating sign is written after the consonants and before the vowels e, i, yu, i inside words (but not after prefixes). Examples: family, blizzard, career, weeds.
• A soft sign is written at the end of words after paired consonants to indicate softness: ice hole, frost, notebook.
• The soft sign is written after the letter “o” in some words of foreign origin. Examples: postman, broth.
• In complex numerals, formed from simple ones, in which there is a soft sign, this letter is also written. For example: five - fifty; nine - nine hundred. But the exception is similar numerals: seventeen, sixteen, etc. A soft sign is not written in the middle of these numerals.
• The soft sign is written in verbs in the imperative mood before -te and -sya (go - go, send) and in indefinite forms before -sya (return, cut your hair, shrink).
• Often a soft sign is written to indicate softness at the end of words after a hard consonant (dark, cook) and in the middle of a word (mowing, less).
• The soft sign is used in the plural form instrumental case: four, children.
• If a consonant comes before another soft consonant, then a soft sign is placed between them in two cases. First: if, after changing the word, the second soft consonant becomes hard, and the first remains soft (svadvaye - wedding). Second: to denote the softness of the “l”: clings, boy, herring.
• A soft sign is written in the middle of a compound word if its first part ends in ь: salvage, village council.

Soft sign after sizzling

The soft sign is often not used in words after the hissing words zh, ch, sh and shch. But there are several exception cases. Where is the soft sign written after the hissing ones?

• In the endings of verbs after “sh” in the 2nd person handicap, singular. including the future and present tenses: if you draw, you draw, you play, you play.
• At the end of feminine nouns in the nominative and accusative cases: mouse, daughter, rye.
• Command at the end of verbs. inclination in units including: eat, smear - smear.
• Also in the imperative mood in verbs a soft sign is written before -te and -te: smear yourself, eat.
• The soft sign is written in the indefinite form of the verb: guard, beware.
• The soft sign is used in all adverbs that end in sh and h, as well as at the ends of particles: away, completely, completely, just, I mean. The soft sign is not written after the hissing w in the following exception words: unbearable, already, married.

Where a soft sign is not written

• In verbs in the form of 3rd person singular. numbers (what does he do?): cooks, draws, writes.
• In nouns in the gender form. plural case numbers after -en: cherry. Exceptions: young ladies, villages, hawthorns.
• Plural in nouns. birth numbers case with the base on hissing: spectacles, shooting ranges, groves.
• At the end of masculine nouns: ball, doctor, knife.
• At the end of short adjectives: good, hot.
• Between two soft l: illumination.
• In combinations chn, chk, rch, nch, nsch, rsch: brighter, lamplighter, nurse.
• In other combinations between two consonants (except those in the previous paragraph): bunch, cane.

This is such a difficult letter - a soft sign. When it is written in different words, you now know. At first glance, it is very difficult to remember this rule with numerous points, but once you learn it through examples, by analogy you will already write similar words correctly, knowing exactly whether to put a soft sign in them or not.