The ideal of beauty is the most peak point of superiority, but exist Il in general such women or we come up with them yourself?!
The ideal of beauty in various epochs was completely diverse. If in our time the girl with a figure of 90-60-90 is considered ideal, then in the era of the Kustodiev's young lady would consider it a sick and ugly.
As for the face, there were also their canons of beauty here too:
- straight nose;
- large convex eyes;
- arcuate eyebrows;
- low forehead;
- direct chin.
Not much important for the Greek ideal was hair. They were forbidden to trim. If a woman sought to be a standards, she had to wear long hair collected into a knot or tape bandaged.
An ideal female beauty was designated natural blue eyes, gold curly hair and shiny skin.
Women and different layers of society wanted to be beautiful, therefore, as the Egyptians resorted to a little tricks.
Privileged Greek girls enjoyed Bellyli, and instead of Rumyan used carmine. We had a soot from the combustion.
More simple women also sought to the ideal of beauty and to make the gluscle of the skin used a barley mask from the dough with seasonings and eggs.
The ideal of female beauty in the Middle Ages
In this era, beauty was sin and blonde, according to Archbishop, were wicked.
The church prohibited the use of cosmetics, because she hid a true face that God created.
Despite this, in the Middle Ages there was an ideal of beauty, to which women sought, namely:
- very pale leather;
- elongated faces;
- small mouth;
- slender body;
- long neck.
Now the ideal of beauty is considered:
- women with chubby sponges;
- figure in 90-60-90 (at the same time not natural, but pumped in the gym);
- pronounced eyebrows houses (usually eyebrows-tattoo);
- 3 sizes;
- pieces on the cheeks.
It really likes modern men, but with all of this, they want the above that it was natural from nature.
Women, remember, it is men who ask the tempo of fashion and create ideals of beauty, and we will like them ready for everything! Maybe it is not necessary to injure yourself and its own created by nature, because every matter of days everything can change dramatically.
In order not to blow out lips and chest, you should be yourself. After all, a real man loves not for external data, but for the mind, cheerfulness and ability to be ourselves.
Style / Beauty
How varies of beauty standards in different epochs
beauty – a gift for several years.
Oscar Wilde
Each of us heard in your address an enthusiastic phrase: "You are so beautiful!", Often we ourselves talked to such compliments to girlfriends or colleagues. Already dozens of years, everyone is striving for a cherished 90-60-90, chocolate tan and sensual lips, and in the last century it was considered a sample of a misery. But what do we invest in the sense of the word "beauty" now and that our predecessors invest in it? If we were born a hundred years ago, would you consider us then with beautiful? To answer these questions, we turned to the story, because women's beauty was appreciated at all times, but ideally ideally undergo significant changes.
Concepts about beauty in Ancient Egypt Largely coincided with modern views. Beautifully believed slender Egyptian with full lips and large almond-shaped eyes. In this regard, a resident of ancient Egypt was very brightly hampered her eyes, giving them an exemplary form, and painted their lips in red. At that time, they had already used a lot of cosmetics to achieve their goals. Even written work on cosmetics, for example, treatise Cleopatra "On Medicines for Face". Green color was extremely popular in make-up, as it was considered a reference to beauty, and the dye himself was obtained from copper oxide. The ancient Egyptians were great fashionable, because scientists believe that they began to be the first to use mirrors, blush, flavors and even carry translucent clothes. Bright representatives of the ancient Roman beauties are Cleopatra and Nefertiti.
For the image of real beauty Ancient China It is not better to suit the well-known phrase "Beauty requires victims." A tiny foot, a very small and fragile body, a white face, a teeth with a shade of gold - this is exactly what an ancient Chinese woman represented itself as an ideal female beauty. To match the standard, since childhood, the girls had to endure pain from rewinding the bindings of the feet. Once a week they were filmed for a few minutes and tightened even more. Gradually, the fingers of the legs became bent and twisted under the foot. This tradition originated first among the richest sections of society, and then moved to the middle class. It was extremely difficult to walk on such tiny legs, and surrounded by noble beauty was always a few people to help her when walking. Also much attention Chinese women paid out their hair: they had to be very long and braided into a complex braid.
IN Ancient Russia The bail of beauty was also considered the hair. There was a belief that the longer the hair, the more spiritual forces get a woman. Almost all women of that time turned their braids, and combing hair was like a sacred ritual. According to various testimonies, Russian women only were considered to be beauties when they reached the weight of at least eighty kilograms! Very appreciated in ancient Russia, bright leather and a bright blush, such a description with you more than once in famous fairy tales since childhood. In this regard, the ancient Russian beauties used her belhals for the face, and the cheeks often simply rubbed beets. Some female preferences rush through the century, for example, love for decorations. Earrings, hryvnia, rings, rings, necklaces, bracelets were widespread from jewelry. They were distinguished by the extreme subtlety of the work of jewelry masters.
IN Ancient Greece The image of an ideal woman in many respects was under the influence of science and sports. The reference of the female beauty was considered the sculpture of legendary Aphrodites: her height is 164 cm, the amount of the breast is 86 cm, the waist is 69 cm, the hips - 93 cm. The aphorism "Greek profile" reached us implies a straight nose and big eyes. First of all, blue eyes, gold curries and bright, shiny leather were valued. Greek beauties very carefully cared for the body, which should have had soft and rounded shapes, they visited the baths, took baths with herbs and aromatic oils. Just as in ancient Greece, light skin and blonde hair were considered in an ancient Rome ideal of beauty. In the pursuit of the standard of the Romans learned to clarify the hair, they used cream and milk to care for the body, invented various ways of hair curling.
IN India Since ancient times, it is believed that the whole charm of a woman focuses in her lush body, so Indian women never specifically limited themselves in food intake. The woman was put on her face pretty bright makeup, the lips were golden and painted their teeth in brown. Their eyebrows and eyelashes had to be black, and nails were red. Depending on the position of a woman in society, they decorated with the ears of the ears: the higher the situation, the greater the massive decoration. By the same principle, national Indian clothing was distinguished - sari. A variety of figures have been applied to the body of the body that are not covered with cloth. And between the two eyebrows, then then applied the well-known point - Bindi. It symbolizes the mystical third eye. As you noticed, the standard of female beauty and a look at the appearance of a woman in India did not change dramatically for no one century.
In separate tribes Africa From a long time, there are perhaps the most unusual mandatory elements of beauty. Women pull themselves the ears of their ears, make holes in them and fill in various beads, chopsticks, wires. Though for a modern fashionista, it looks urban, but it does not bear strong harm to health. What can not be said about the traditions of Eastern Burma. From childhood on the neck of girls, one behind the other copper rings are put on. Due to this, with age, the height of the neck reaches 30-35 centimeters. All rings together weigh more than ten kilograms, due to constant gravity there is strong breast omission, the neck muscles are very atrophy, and they are not able to keep their heads themselves. Beauty in separate regions of Africa is not only sacrificial, but also is dangerous for life!
In early Middle Ages The image of a modern beautiful girl underwent strong changes, first of all, due to the influence of the church. Body beauty began to perceive as a source of sins, so blonde hair began to cover the heads of the heads, feminine shape hiding behind the dresses of casual. Virgo Maria with her appearance and submissive character became an ideal and an example for imitation. Pale leather, small lips, exhausted body with long limbs - it was such a female image that I blinked the thoughts and fantasy of the men of the early Middle Ages. In the XIII century, the views on women began to change the emergence of the knighthood. Knights needed muses to make exploits, heroines that conquer their hearts. There is a cult of excellent ladies. From the conquest and refusal from the excesses began to move to the magnificence. Slim body, wavy blonde hair, bright lips, narrow hips, little breasts and big feet - it was that such a princess for his knight was.
Next by chronology renaissance He brought very big changes in understanding of female beauty. Pallor and thinness disappear from the mandatory elements of attractiveness, and they come to shift wide hips, rounded face and full shoulders. The embodiment of the beauty of that time was captured in the ingenious works of Titian, Rembrandt, Rubens, and, of course, known to all the painting "Mona Lisa". At the time of the heyday, the Rococo era, a special focus is on women's hairstyles. The principle worked here: the more magnificent and the harder design on the head, the better! Often, in order to preserve a complex and expensive hairstyle, fashionmented did not wash and not comb over several weeks. At the same time, the spirits are included in the fashion to kill the smell emanating from the body.
At the beginning of the XIX century Josephine was considered an exemplary beauty - the first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. She was a fan of natural beauty, an overwhelmed waist in clothes made of thin tissues decorated with lace and frills. It was an ampira era, which returned beauty in Greek understanding. The figure of the "Hourglass" was ideal, in connection with this, in a few years, corsets include corsets, lush skirts, take off the neck and zone of neckline. Often the dresses for secular outlet weighed more than 20 kilograms! Also, the secular beauties almost always wore gloves and went with an umbrella. After all, during this period, the tan was considered a bad tone, a low-class lot and rustic residents.
Within the XX century The views on female beauty changed very rapidly. At the beginning of the century, a sports figure with broad shoulders, narrow thighs, small breasts were considered. But by the 30th century, the situation takes the opposite direction. The sample of femininity becomes wide hips and a magnificent chest. In that period, Marlene Dietrich and Greta Garbo, then Marilyn Monroe and Gina Lollobrigid, were considered icons and absolute beauties. Their beauty drove millions of men crazy, and women tried very hard to be at least a bit like starry idols.
Women's beauty throughout the human history was almost one of the strongest sources of inspiration for art. However, even the generally accepted and concentrated standards of beauty at an unbiased approach are unlikely to delight many of our contemporaries. The famous Nefertiti someone may seem like a sutural and incisible, Rubensovsky beauties are too complete, and someone will find unattractive high forehead and shaved eyebrows Joconds ...
So what were the canons of beauty in different periods of development of our society?
Actually, the first works of art were women's figures. Archaeologists nicked them "Paleolithic Venus". Of course, with a fair fraction of a joke, for these "Venus" look like our standards is extremely unattractive. The face, arms and legs, as a rule, did not even appreciate, but the primitive artist richly endowed the figurines with hypertrophied female signs - sagging breasts, sharply dedicated, hanging to knees with belly and big hips.
However, it is unlikely that these figures were canons of beauty. In the manufacture of "Venger", the artist was moving not so much erotic, how many iconic motives: a respectful attitude towards a mature woman, such a "vessel" for pregnancy, was manifested here. Considering that the life of the people of the Paleolithic era was hard and dangerous, such "fertile" women who lived to maturity were at a great price.
Based on later creme, primitive women were slim, muscles and little differed from men.
Beauty of Egypt and Crete
Looking at the ancient Egyptian images, it is not difficult to notice that the nudity in those days was not perceived in Egypt as something reprehensible. Egyptian clothes are thin and translucent, practically not hiding body lines, and the dancers usually performed "topless".
The ideal of female beauty was considered a high, slim brunette with wide shoulders, flat breasts, in a boyscisses with narrow hips and long legs. The features of the face of the ancient Egyptians were thin, the eyes were especially distinguished. To give the shine eyes and expand the pupils, the Beadonna juice was dripped in them, the so-called "sleepy odge".
The perfect eye shape was considered to be almond-shaped - it was emphasized, giving the eyes with green paint from carbon dioxide and extending the contour to the temples. It was also considered to be beautiful and the highlight of the blue paint of the veins on the neck and temples. In ancient Egypt, there were already all the main types of cosmetics: from powder and lipstick to paint for nails and various ointments. Even written work on cosmetics, such as, for example, the Cleopatra treatise "On Medicines for Person" is known.
Loved Egyptians and lush hairstyles. True, instead of growing her hair in a natural way, they did it easier: wrecks were shaved, and wigs from sheep wool were put on his head. To enlarge the hairstyle one wig was often dressed on another. Wigs wore not only noble people, but also ordinary people (though, their wigs should have been "more compromising").
Egyptians sought to ensure that the skin was smooth, without a single hairs, so they practiced wax epilation to the well-known and our contemporaries ago. After removing the hair, the skin was silent by oils and incenses, and with the help of Belil it was given a "fashionable" light yellow shade.
Clothes were transparent. At the same time, the skirt noble ladies so tightly felt the caviar that the gait became slow and majestic. The chest from Egyptians has often been exposed, but never specially emphasized.
The naturalism of ancient Egypt was restrained, which cannot be said about cretan fashion. In the ancient culture of the island of Crete, apparently, the woman was the center of special attention. Unlike the elegant majestic Egyptian, the woman of Crete was bright and liberated. She tried in every way to emphasize her charms. The frescoes and figurines depict a female figure with a thin waist and a raised chest, frankly looking out of a deep cutting of a vest. The hips were emphasized by a wide skirt that completely hidden legs.
The animated crunic faces of the critters on the frescoes are strongly painted and have a flirty expression. No wonder the image of Cretan beauties, researchers for thoughts about contemporaries (one of the frescoes even dubbed "Parisian").
Antique sample
Here, for example, the "model" parameters of the Aphrodite of the Book, filled with the famous Praxitel: Height -164 cm, chest - 86, waist - 69, hips - 93.
According to the statues, it is possible to make an idea of \u200b\u200bthe ideal features of the face of ancient Greek: big eyes with a wide intercursory cut, a small mouth and a classic "Greek" nose, direct and actually continuing the forehead line. Grechany, like Egyptians, enjoyed cosmetics with might and main: tinted eyes and eyebrows, blunders cheeks. The most popular hairstyle of those times are also familiar to us: it's knotted on the back of the Greek Kinda Corbos. Hair Cherny Greek preferred bleaching with alkaline soap and sunlight.
Greek beauty canons switched to Romans with some amendments. The ideal Roman was prescribed to be continuous, doodle, or in no case is not thin. However, the completeness was not required not loose, the figure was supposed to maintain grace and harmony. For the Romans, the skeleton of which was genetically thinner than that of the Greeks, it was not easy to fulfill this condition. They actively engaged in physical exercises, as well as tightly binting breasts and hips.
The desire to become blondes went from the Greeks to the Romans along with the rest of the beauty canons. It is bright, blonde, red hair especially appreciated in ancient Rome. Prostitutes were simply obliged to have a yellow or white hair color.
The skin of the Romans also bleached, and also a rather dangerous way - lead levies, which often led to poisoning. There were other, less dangerous "recipes": for example, cream from breadfall and milk, soap from goat fat and the ashes of a beech tree. And the Roman Empress Poppea at all trips accompanied the caravan of five hundred donks, in whose milk she bathed daily.
Women of China and Japan
It seems anywhere, the beauty was not so artificial as in the countries of the Far East. No wonder one Chinese sage wrote: "To admire the beauty at the morning toilet better after she frightened her face."
And indeed, the faces of Chinese and Japanese women were plentifully made: the face was superimposed such a big layer Belil that it resembled a mask from the porcelain. According to Canon, the beauty of the Beauty should look like a fellowship. The forehead should be as high as possible, for which the hair on the foreheads were swamped, and the forehead itself was drowned on the edge of the hair. As a result, the desired elongated oval was obtained. Japanesely died even eyebrows, and instead of them as high as possible, short thick thickens were painted.
The mouth should look small (lips "bustard"). Show teeth has always been considered a bad tone, so China still laughing covers her mouth with his palm. Japanese and many centuries from 12-14 years old ink teeth.
By the way, Kimono was so crucible due to the stripping of women, "dolls" in itself became art. The Japanese experienced no less pleasure from this ritual than from the sexiest contact. By the way, the Japanese treated completely calmly and did not give it a special erotic context.
Sultry woman of the East
The idea of \u200b\u200bfeminine beauty in the European-like peoples of Asia (whether Arabs, or Indians) are very similar. It must be "burning" the eastern beauty of the Shahryzade from "1000 and one night": Large black eyes with a wet pain ("like gazelle"), teeth "like pearls", hair and eyebrows - thick and black "like Smin", chest - Similar "two hills, topped with aluminum cherries, full hips and at the same time thin fingers and ankles.
Fullness is generally very appreciated by Asian peoples. It is enough to recall the compliments of Indians who are dubious for our women: "beautiful as a cow" and "graceful as an elephant".
Beauty belly is usually compared with many scrolls laid on each other. Ideally, he must have three deep folds and "nice to perform."
On this occasion, I would like to note that the recipes widely advertised in the west of the ancient Indian love treatise "Kamasutra" are not always suitable for slim Europeans. For example, love bite, delivering a complete Indian, on the skin of the European "ideal" can leave painful bruises.
Beautiful lady of the Middle Ages.
Ascetic and harsh era of Christianity came to replace the antiquity. Nudah and in general, all bodily denied, as the "earth" and "sinful". Body women are hidden under spacious shapeless clothes, head covered with cape. In fashion - pallor, the complete absence of cosmetics, cleanliness and innocence.
However, when the lives of people improved in the high Middle Ages (XII-XIII century), and the morals became softer, the European world again remembered female beauty. She came from the world of art. It is in the medium of Provencal Troubadurov a cult of an excellent lady was born, which is the earthly continuation of the Madonna cult. The knight was supposed to correctly serve his chosen mistress, "unreleased lumpy." Walking into battle, warriors often took with them any part of the clothes of their sweetheart, sometimes even put on top of her shirt. The manifestations of devotion to Mrs. sometimes reached Mazzma: one cavalier proudly stated that he constantly drinks the water in which his lady washes his hands, the other - changed in the skin and jumping before the "object of desire", like a faithful PSU.
The appearance of the "excellent lady" should have to have the following advantages. First, thin and flexible mill, preferably S-shaped silhouette. The hips should be narrow, breasts are neat and small. It emphasized long narrow clothes. A high waist is also valued and a slightly protruding belly (as a symbol of pregnancy).
Huddoba and pallor continued to be "fashionable", but the blush should be buried on the cheeks of the ideal lady, and the glance is "clear and cheerful". Despite the fact that Archbishop Canterbury Anselm publicly proclaimed blondes of hair with an unholy occupation, the hair in the Middle Ages was valued again, the blonde and, preferably curly. True, they could only be seen from unmarried girls. Married ladies hid their curls under bedspreads, headborons, or laid in the grid. In this regard, the high forehead acquires a special value.
Revival of the body
Gradually, the church was lost its comprehensive power in Europe. Silent life is becoming more and more and more actively invaded art. Italian humanists re-opened the canons of antique beauty for Europe. The art of ancient Greece becomes a model for artists and sculptors. Together with him comes back to the human body as such. Nut is increasingly appearing in the pictures of secular content.
The wizards of early revival are not yet too removed from the medieval ideal of beauty: "Venus" Botticelli has a familiar fragile figure with slopes. However, with the advent of the so-called "Titans of Renaissance" - da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rafael, - the ideal female figure is transformed. Now it is a state, full-blooded, "bodily" woman of high growth with wide shoulders, magnificent breasts, wide hips, full hands and legs. Powerful tors of women Michelangelo from afar is not difficult to confuse with men. The same we observe both the pictures of Da Vinci, Titian and other masters. Physoon champions reaches apogee in the paintings of Rubens.
A close gothic dress is also replaced by volumetric, the waist occupies a natural position. Wide sleeves and skirt, heavy fabrics (atlas and velvet) add a female figure of a female. It is at this time that the new word "Grandezza" appears, meaning a majestic, noble appearance.
From the Middle Ages remains a fashion for a high forehead, the smooth lines of which should not disrupt even eyebrows (they were often chosen). The hair is "produced" to freedom. Now they must be necessarily visible - long, curly, golden.
Baroque women and Rococo
In the baroque era (con. XVI-XVII centuries) naturalness again comes out of fashion. She is stylized and theatrical. Baroque flourishing fell on the reign of the French "King-Sun" of Louis XIV. From now on, the French courtyard starts to dictate the fashion all over Europe (the so-called "Versailles dictate"). To know her with her mistress of the king and spread further.
The female body during the baroque period, as before, should be "rich" with the "swan" neck, widely thrown back shoulders and magnificent hips. But the waist now should be as thinner as possible, and the corsets from the whale must be fashionable. In addition, the corset performs another feature - it visually raises the chest, usually almost open a bold neckline.
The legs continue to hide under the skirt, holding on the hoops and the achieving significant width. Lush, fancy clothing for a long time becomes one of the main elements of female irresistible. The appearance of the appearance is most brightly manifested in the widespread use of luxurious collars and wigs that have existed among no longer three centuries. Related accessories ladies are gloves, fans, umbrellas, couplings and jewelry.
At the beginning of the XVIII century. The era of Rococo and the female silhouette changes again. Now a woman must resemble a fragile porcelain statuette. Baroque solemn parade replaces grace, ease and playfulness. At the same time, theatricality and unnaturalness do not go anywhere - on the contrary, they reach their peak. Both men and women acquire a doll appearance.
The beautiful Rococo era has a narrow shoulders and a thin waist, a small bodice contrasts with a huge rounded skirt. The neckline increases, the skirt is also slightly shortening. In this regard, close attention begins to be given to the bottom linen. Stockings enter the fashion, and the lower skirt is richly decorated. The richness of the underwear becomes important and thanks to the morning ladies ceremonials, which also participated Cavalers.
With all this, the dress almost does not emphasize the figures. Caution focuses on the neck, face, hands that seemed fragile among lace frills, ruffles and ribbons.
On the face of the gallant ladies imposed so much makeup that, they say, husbands often did not recognize their wives. And since the powder in those days was made of flour, excessive requests of fashionistas sometimes caused even the temporary deficit of this food product in the country.
Wigs in the Rococo Epoch acquire truly grotesque bizarre. On the heads we carry whole still lifes of flowers, feathers, boats with sails and even mills.
Special black silk plasters are also included in the fashion - "flies". They served as a kind of love symbolism, focusing the attention of the cavaliers at certain parts of the female body. In connection with such specifics, the "flyers" was often glued not only on open parts of the body, but also under the clothes. Some believe that the appearance of "flies" was caused by the smallpox epidemic, and at first they hid the scars caused by this terrible disease.
Classicism and ampir
When, in 1734, the French ballerina Salo spoke in a light transparent skirt, seized by an ancient pattern, the Parisian public was squeezed. But in England, her apparel was appreciated. The fact is that while Rococo was taking effect in France, in the "Misty Albion" again took up the overtaken "Greek taste and the Roman spirit", as the London Society of Antiquity lovers declared. Classicism began in fashion.
For a while, even jewelry leaves fashion. It is believed that the more beautiful woman, the less she needs decorations.
Imitation of antique clothing (mostly Chitona and Peplos) changed the silhouette of a woman. The dress acquires clear proportions and smooth lines. The main clothing of fashionistas became a snow-white shmiz - a linen shirt with a large neckline, short sleeves, a narrowed in front and freely enveloping the shape below. The belt moved under the chest. Since these dresses were made mainly from thin translucent Muslin, fashionista risked to catch colds in particularly cold days. Therefore, thanks to the Egyptian campaign of Napoleon, as an "application", cashmere shawls entered Swamza, which widely popularized the spouse of the emperor - Josephine.
IN XIX century Fashion changed to strive, the crinolines changed the ancient ideal, the Türniors themselves came to replace them, in turn, there were many changes and by the end of the century almost completely surrendered their positions ...
The riding beauty was "aristocratic beauty": an aspen waist, a pale aristocratic face, excessive elegance of the body.
The ladies were intimidated by diets, cleansing enema that personal healers recommended to lay the on the eve of the ball - "for the glitter in the eyes." Dark circles under the eyes were a sign of spirituality. Duma-son wrote at the time that in Paris's living rooms, Tuberculosis was considered the disease of the intellectual elite. The most fashionable ladies did not use the Rumba, and the neck was wore large bows. Everyone wanted to be similar to Violetta Valerie from the "ladies with camellias".
At the end of the XIX century, women finally moved away from passion to Sudobe; Even future mothers were tightened to the corset, seeking to achieve the desired marks on the centimeter tape - 55. It was such a size of the waist prescribed the fashion of those times. In 1859, after Bala, one fashionista was died for 23 years old. An autopsy showed that due to an excessively tightened corset, three ribs stuck to her liver.
Much later, the women discovered for themselves that in the magnificent forms of Nana - the heroine of Zol - much more attractiveness than the "ladies with camellias". The most high-ranking officials began to rumbling and paint, like women from the panel, terrifying from one thought that they could get tuberculosis. It became much more popular to die from apoplexy.
At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries Fashion excessively extravagant. She causes ridicule. This is how it describes a "demonic woman" of this period N.A. TEFFI in the story of the same name:
"A demonic woman is different from a woman ordinary primarily to dress up. She wears a black velvet adjustment, a chain on his forehead, a bracelet on his leg, a ring with a hole for cyanide potassium, which she will certainly bring to the next Tuesday."
At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, the ideal of female beauty in the West is approaching the eastern ideal. Beauty became similar to chrysanthm.
The elegant lady now looks like this: a small head with a high hairstyle goes into an elongated torso, compressed as a flower skelter, a corset; Narrow sleeves and dumb shoulders resemble the leaves; The narrow skirt is complemented by a tournament; High heels make a woman's gait insecure, which informs the whole Figure fragility.
IN XX century There is no single standard for women's beauty, but, judging by the mannequins, in fashion ladies are slender (not lower than 170 cm) with developed breasts, narrow waist, wide hips and long legs.
Modern style, which emerged at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries, became the determining direction of the era - the feeling of decline, hopelessness, tragedy led to the appearance of decadence, denoting the crisis of European culture. In his desire to resist the generally accepted Meshchansky morality, the direction of the direction did the cult of beauty, even if it was a continuation of the vice. Responding to time, fashion dictates tomotoy, pallor and underlined tragedy. Ballet - one of the most refined and abstract art types - became a sign of time and defined everything that became aesthetic fetish of a whole generation: secular salons adopted all his stage finds - the motives of the East, the dramatic image, emphasized with makeup, refusal from corsets and free Silhouettes.
The phenomenal success of the "Russian seasons" Dyagileev in Paris gave rise to a worship of Russian ballerinas - the name of the legendary Anna Pavlova, the first performer of the "dying swan", was the benchmark for perfection for many years. At that time, the concept of "sex character" did not exist, and the aesthetics of modernism did not imply appeal to the earthly and understandable - the men of that time wanted to fade and lean. The fantastic success of Russian ballerina presented the world of air and unearthly beauty, which was a sign for the formation of beauty canonons in the context of the decadence era.
Greta Garbo (Greta Garbo) in 20 years also became a symbol of aesthetics of decades; The most popular actress is dumb, and then sound movies of the beginning of the twentieth century, it was the embodiment of male (and female) dreams - a thin profile, huge sad eyes, a-a-theatrical spectacular detection and an incredible eroticism for that time. Contemporaries considered Garbo the real incarnation of sin - and this is in the era of debauchery, the decline of traditional moral values \u200b\u200band revolutions!
It was Garbo who became the ancestor of the androgic type of female attractiveness, combining the image of a foggy and ambiguous Wamp woman and a nim-like maid athlete in pants and a wide-frame hat. This type of beauty and sexuality very quickly came out of fashion, but at that era, Garbo was not and could not be rivals - strict and seductive at the same time, she presented the world a new type, erotic attraction of which was based on the feeling of coldness, mystery and unattainability. The screen image is so accrued to actress that she, in the desire to remain an eternal mystery, left the movie at the peak of his career.
30sThe twentieth century is a short moment in world history between two large wars, when humanity turned to dazzling luxury in the desire to escape from real reality. Great depression, war and revolution gave birth to the feeling of instability, and, as usual during the crisis, the society has played to resist - the very classical glamor is born at the junction of modern and neoclassicism, when the actresses were dazzlingly beautiful, the fashion is truly elegant, and Hollywood worried the golden ERU of impeccable glossy style.
A woman who came out on the street with unwrapped lips was considered bare, and any manifestations of naturalness - a movietone. The icons of beauty and style of that time hit their well-kept, sophistication and refinement, they were almost desperately glamorous in their desire to meet the high standards of the era.
IN 40s Hollywood has already become a full legislator of fashion on canonical beauties, but the country lived the waiting for the war, and therefore gorgeous ladies in silks and fogs temporarily leave the screens. The compensation of the social position of mass art lying literally on all - women tried to be not captivating and desirable, but active, decisive, almost in all equal men.
It goes into the past fashion for blondes - at the peak of the popularity of brownish, naive facial expression, puppet hairstyles, small, sharply outlined lips. A new social phenomenon of "girls from the cover" is born thanks to the incredible popularity of Life magazine on August 11, 41, with the image of a semi-naked beauty of Rita Hayworth (Rita Hayworth), which decorated the atomic bomb, discharging to Bikini Island. Thanks to this photo session, the concept of "sex bomb" includes the concept of "sex bomb", and the girl model is overnight becomes the object of the whole America.
With the end of the war, femininity is naturally returned. The turning line in the world of "high fashion" is considered to be 1947, when Christian Dior introduced the collection "New Look" ("New Look"). The silhouette of the new ideal of beauty from nowend became such: round shoes, adjacent bodice, underlining chest, thin waist, small head and legs in light high-heeled shoes. The dress was lengthened to the middle of the ICR and was painted. To strengthen the impression of rounded chest lines and waist, a large amount of fabric has fed the waist, expanding the thighs. To create a "airiness" dresses, a multi-layer lower skirt was often approaching. Corsets (but predominantly not tough) began to be applied.
Open in 1938, nylon stockings are becoming publicly available, get rid of longitudinal seams and the female hearts conquer for a long time.
Ideal beauty 1950s Mellin Monroe - Pukhlenka Blonde with twisted hair to the shoulders, "calling" lips, magnificent breasts, hips and waist, for the sake of the miniature of which the movie star removed two lower ribs.
However, now Kuturier came wisely. Instead of promoting one type of beauty, they first began to inject several dresses silhouettes. In 1958, Dior presented the "trapezoidal" line of clothing, which expanded from the shoulders, as well as a wide "bag-shaped", in which the waist disappeared completely. Fashion becomes, as they say, for every taste ...
Mini and Sexy, Hippie and Twiggy (1960-70)
The 1960s were marked by the youth and sexual revolution. Young and daring, probably, for the first time in history, declared the creation of their worldview, their music and their fashion.
One of the most striking fashion achievements was the final "liberation" of female legs taken by the British fashion designer Mary Kvant. It was she who invented a mini-skirt, for which she was even presented in 1966 the Order of the British Empire (however, the interpretation of the presentation sounded like this: "For merit in English export"). Stockings now become overly risky, tongues are included, especially unpromainable.
For advertising "Mini" needed a corresponding model. If earlier than the glory of "idols of beauty" belonged to "formed" women, predominantly actresses, now her 16-year-old Twiggy girl (in front of the English. "Prut", "Spray"). The nickname was not found: with a height of 1m 65 cm, it weighed only 45 kg! The films have preserved the image and other "ideals of beauty" 60s: sexy and luxurious BB - Bridget Bardo and elegant and sophisticated Audrey Hepburn.
In the late 1960s Youth fashion begin to dictate hippie, the so-called "children-flowers". Ripped jeans, decorations of beads, long hair, bright dresses in the flower together with the sermon of free love and return to nature looked extremely and revolutionarily. Hippie deliberately opposed themselves "fathers" and embodied "antimod".
However, much of the radical fashion hippie in 1970s, "Poor and combed" becomes "mainstream". First of all, it is pants-claw, bright decor, motley colorful fabrics, knitted things - scarves, sweaters, turtlenecks. Skirts are again lengthened. In the clothes prevail practicality and simplicity. Women stop wearing bras. The fashion includes synthetic lightweight fabrics.
The ideal of female beauty is fragile high flat blonde with big eyes, oblique bangs and thin eyebrows. For Soviet people, the female standard of the 1970s is largely Barbara Brylsk from k / f "with a light steam!".
In the 1980s, the capitalist world of the rich and finally turned into a "consumer society". Wealth and power, shy-free chic and luxury became the main values \u200b\u200bof this era. Business self-confident business woman and vulgar aggressively sexy maiden - here are two main female images of the 80s.
A strict business suit from expensive fabrics is again characterized by a wide line of shoulders - the personification of the strength and power of feminist women. Pants are either straight, or "bananas" - narrowed down. To confirm the high cost of things, many fashionable labels are placed on the front side of the clothes.
A woman in all ways seeks to seem spectacular and liberated. In fashion fitness and aerobics, which means a slim sports body. For lazy, again, there is silicone and plastic surgery.
Tight dresses, elastic "body", leggings and other things from Lycra and Stretch are designed to demonstrate the sexuality of the forms. Underwear, thanks to pop singer Madonna, ceases to be something intimate and first put on the public. Cosmetics becomes bright and causing, hairstyles - disheveled and multi-colored, decorations - massive (in many ways it is the response of the reproach in the late 1970s).
It was in the 1980s that the era of "supermodels" begins, now they are examples for imitation.
In the 1990s, the fashion pendulum swung again in the opposite direction. The luxury replaces minimalism, demonstrative sexuality - unisex, and the magnifted models - Kate Moss Horde. In the fashion simple silhouette, no decorations. Founder of fashion "Unisex" - Kelvin Klein - puts forward the slogan "Just be!". Elements of a male costume penetrate female, and on the contrary - men's clothing is simulated on female canons. Now young men and girls dress the same - T-shirts, baggy pants, shoes on a thick platform. Secondary sexual signs are not emphasized.
But at the end of the 1990s "Unisex" and "Heroine Chic" goes to no. Humanity again fell in love of figure skater healthy beauties. However, the fashion industry now does not seek to associate itself with obligations with new models, constantly changing them. The trendy directions also change dizzy, mostly mixing and quoting past epochs.
What awaits us further? We live - see :) But honestly, I would not want to be a fashion looped on some one "canon", we would all be so different, it would be unforgivable to deprive us of individuality, relying on the whim of designers.
The ideals of female beauty are constantly changing and what was considered the standoff 100, 50 and even 10 years ago will now seem to be ugliness, not to mention the changeability of views throughout history. Throughout all the time, women constantly changed their appearance and often rushed to extremes from excessive completeness to a painful thinness to fit the ideal inherent time or another period of time. Beauty standards will change infinitely, such is human nature, and what figure will be "fashion" in the next decade you can only guess.
Ancient Egypt
Let's start with the Azov. In ancient Egypt, the equality of floors reigned, the society was liberated and free. But at the same time there was a very definite ideal of the beauty of the era - a slim body with an elongated waist and narrow shoulders, long black hair, classic strict face features and expressive eyes, suppressed by black paint.
Ancient Greece
We can see the ideal of female beauty in the preserved ancient Greek sculptures, in particular, in sculpture Aphrodite. At that time, the idea of \u200b\u200bphysical perfection was actively promoted, the Greeks even calculated the formula of the beauty of the female body, which provides the ratio of the size of the stop, brushes and other parts of the body to each other. The face of Greek beauty should have been symmetrical and smooth, with big eyes, as well as a straight nose. The perfect type of figure was considered a "pear" with a small breast, but by bulk hips.
The ideal of beauty Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, the attitude towards appearance compared to antiquity has changed greatly. Beauty during this period was considered sinful. But a certain canon existed. The ideal of the beauty of the Middle Ages is a girl with a very pale, snow-white leather, thin and emaciated. The elongated face is framed by light wavy hair. The mouth is small and modest, eyes are big and slightly riveted. To achieve pallor, the girls not only rubbed the face lemon, but also did bloodsup. In the Middle Ages, many also shaved eyebrows. So portraits of beauties of those times look pretty strange.
Renaissance
Classic examples of the ideal of female beauty in the era of the Renaissance - Mona Lisa, as well as Venus Botticelli. All the same pallor and high forehead, but the expression of the face becomes mysterious, and the hair is now loosely laid. The lush figure becomes one of the main values \u200b\u200bof this period. Full hands, wide hips, soft and smooth features - all this was appreciated in the Renaissance. As for the hairstyles, the perfect option was light wavy hair.
Baroque and Rococco
The 17-18th century dictate new rules for women's beauty. One of the main is a thin waist. The era of corsets occurs, some girls manage to pull their waist to 33 cm. At the same time, a very deep neckline is always going to the corset. Beauties carefully guard themselves from the sun, because in fashion snow-white leather. Ladies in lace ruffles resemble beautiful statuettes from porcelain.
19th century
The time of ampir style comes, in which natural beauty is valued. The girl should be slim, in a lung dress from Muslen, with big eyes and white skin. At the same time, in the 19th century there was another direction - lush dresses with tight corsets and complex styling. And in that, and other style in fashion was the so-called painful femininity: pallor, weakness and fainting.
20th century
This epoch presented us a lot of different ideals of female beauty. In the 20s, androgic appearance - the corset was forgotten, the boy's figures were appreciated with a small breast, and for the first time in many centuries, women began to wear short haircuts. In the 30-50s, in the era of Golden Hollywood, femininity returned . The figure "Sandy" clock with a thin waist, big breasts and bulk hips, lush styling with curls, long eyelashes, blush and scarlet lips - the ideal of the beauty of the era was Marilyn Monroe and other actresses.
In the 60s, the most popular model was twiggy with its slender body, long legs and a small breast. In the 80s, the ideal again became different: aerobics came to fashion, as well as supermodels - high, sports and taut. To the 90th ideal shifted a little in the other side, painful thinness and pallor became fashionable.
21 century
The modern ideal of beauty is a rather complicated concept. Today is appreciated health and slightness, but not anorexium thinness, as in the 90s. Flat belly, big breasts and elastic ass are considered an ideal option. Which, as we know, almost unattainable. Fortunately, more and more people tend to the idea of \u200b\u200bnatural beauty in all its diversity. But in order for this idea to really become popular, you will need a lot of time.