Poisoning mushrooms most often happen as a result of accidental use of poisonous. This happens as a result of a negligent attitude towards such food - buying unidentified mushrooms with hands, collecting unknown species or consumption of homely preservation of dubious origin. Also, intoxication can be a consequence of an error in recognizing the type of fungus.
From a food point of view, all mushrooms are divided into edible, those that can not be poisonous. The most common representative of the group inedible mushroomsWhile growing on the territory of our country is a graticle mushroom, or Gorchak. Consider what signs of poisoning with a raging mushroom and how dangerous use of it in food.
Handicraft Mushroom - Description
Another name of the priest is a false white mushroom. It is widespread in the middle lane of Russia. The growing period from June to the end of October, with early frosts only until the end of September. The fruit body with dimensions is 5-10 cm, reaches up to 15 cm. The leg is thick, strong, with a clear grid. Hat massive, rounded, spongy structure. From above the hat is covered with a dense film, in the process of growth, it changes from light brown to a saturated hidden. Spores of pink or pinkish-brown staining.
Gorchak prefers light soils: loam, sandstones; Mounts predominantly by the edges of the parel or coniferous landings. Often it is found near the trunks and stumps, in dry weather, it can grow on rotten wood. Usually, the Gorchak forms groups of 5-15 individuals, but sometimes located one by one.
Gorchak looks very attractive. It is almost never damaged by insects and worms. The flesh of his fleshy, white, blushes on the cut, but maybe not change the color. The taste is very bitter, the smell does not have.
A young gall mushroom, whose poisoning, possibly because of the wrong identification, has no pronounced spore painting yet. Gorchak is often confused with Boroviki - White, Podiberovik, Borovik Mesh or Bronze.
They distinguish Gorchak from edible mushrooms according to the following signs:
The poisoning of the raw mushroom is caused by the moaning substances contained in the pulp, strongly irritating the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines. If you get into the language, even a small amount of their quantity arises a strong feeling of burning.
Thanks to the same substances Gorchak in folk medicine It is used as a choleretic agent. And during medical research, several active ingredients were isolated from it, which have choleretic, immunostimulating and even anti-cancer properties.
Symptoms of poisoning raw mushroom
The poisoning of the raw mushroom, whose symptoms are nonspecific, is extremely rare. The bitter taste, which is only enhanced with culinary processing, prevents the mushroom eating and obtaining a large dose of toxins. There is information that you can choose, eating homemade canned-marinades and solutions, where bitterness is masked by spices and vinegar.
The poisonism of the Gorchakka has not been proven. Scientists disagree: Some believe that the poisoning is impossible to them, since its only danger is a bitter taste that can spoil any dish. For the same reason, the use of the yellow mushroom is extremely difficult.
Other researchers express the opinion that the toxins of Gorchakka are in something similar to the vegetable poisons affecting the liver cells. These substances can be absorbed into the blood even through the skin and, accumulating in the liver, attack its cells - hepatocytes. A few weeks after entering the poison, signs of impairment and bias are developing, other liver functions are reduced. When obtaining large doses of toxin, the disease can move in chronic form, the result of which becomes cirrhosis of the liver.
From a practical point of view, doctors include Gorchak to the group weakly poisonous mushrooms. The symptoms of poisoning with a raging mushroom are developing 2-3 hours after eating it into food, sometimes for their appearance is enough.
- abdominal pain;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- disorder of digestion (diarrhea).
Due to vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration can develop. The outcome of poisoning is favorable - for several days the body is restored without any negative consequences.
First aid
First aid for poisoning with a raging mushroom includes the following steps.
After that, the victim is placed in bed, covered with a warm blanket. If there are signs of respiratory impairment, neuromuscular regulation, confusion of consciousness, then urgent hospitalization is necessary - most likely, a poisoning of the mushroom occurred, which can lead to serious consequences.
Treatment
In case of poisoning, a highly treatment is not required. Take measures to restore liquid and water-salt balance: drink more water, you can use salt solutions ("regider", its analogues). The first day is the hungry diet, then easily use food products:
- porridge;
- vegetable stew;
- neutral taste fruits;
- low-fat meat.
In conclusion, we emphasize once again that Gorchak-mushroom is a conditional and poisonous. It is extremely difficult to choose them because of a pronounced bitter taste. If all the way Gorchak was eaten, then the symptoms of poisoning with a raging mushroom will be nonspecific: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain. Dangers for living The active substances contained in the Gorchaka do not represent. For treatment, it is enough to rinse the stomach with a large amount of water, to adopt enterosorbents and observe a gentle diet for several days.
Nov-10-2019
What is a bile mushroom, a photo and description, what is he medical properties, all this is very interested in those who lead healthy image life, watching his health, and interested folk methods Treatment, including with the help of mushrooms. So we will try to answer these questions, the following article.
Harvester mushroom, bile mushroom (lat. Tylopílus félleus) - Inedible because of the bitter taste Tubular mushroom genus Tilopil (lat. Tylopilus) family of soot (lat. Boletaceae). When cooking, bitterness of this mushroom does not disappear, but on the contrary, it is enhanced.
Photo and description of the bile mushroom:
Bile mushroom (Tylopilus Felleus (Bull.) P. Karst.)
Family: Sidecogery (StrobilomyceTaceae).
Synonyms: false white, Gorchak.
Bile mushroom - noble twin white mushroom - Absolutely inconvenient. For the strong bitter taste of the pulp, the bile mushroom is called the people of Porsha. If such a mushroom falls into one pan or a pan with Boroviki, he will inevitably spoil all the dish: it will not poison, but will make roast or soup with absolutely intolerable. Bitter taste edible mushrooms Will be purchased even if they are simply to mock in one dish with a bull mushroom. Therefore, when collecting Borovikov, you need to be very attentive, so as not to put in the basket Gorchak.
You can distinguish a bile mushroom from white on a dark mesh pattern on a leg, which has a white mushroom white. Another distinctive feature is a pinky sponge layer of a hat, which in Borovka White in young age And slightly greenish in old age. The flesh of the bile mushroom in the air quickly becomes red, and it has a very bitter taste. Inexperienced assemblers can check the mushrooms "on the teeth": it is only to lick the tongue to the tongue, as it immediately becomes clear, the white mushroom in front of you or his bile double.
Beginning mushrooms sometimes give recommendations not to collect mushrooms if they have an unpleasant odor. This, however, is not distinctive feature poisonousness. Pale custodia, for example, does not smell at all or has an aroma, similar to the smell of champignon.
As mentioned above, this mushroom is untumbled with a bitter taste of pulp, not disappearing during heat treatment. 5-15 cm diameter hat, convex, pillow, dry, weakly-minded, various shades brown color. The tubes are white, with the age of dirty pink, when touched a tubular layer blushes weakly. The flesh is fleshy, elastic or soft, white, odorless, with a bitter taste or burning aftertaste, on a cut weakly pink. The leg is 7-12 × 2-4 cm, swollen, male-shaped, expanded to the base, yellowish-hidden, darker below, as a rule one-color with a hat, with a brown-brown mesh pattern or simply with brown fibrous scales.
Gorchak forms Mikariz with many species of trees and settles in coniferous and deciduous forests, on the basis, near the stumps and trunks, in the drought willingly grows on rotten wood. Fruits from June to October throughout the forest area.
Occurs in dry fir and pine forests of Europe, Asia and North America; occurs in western and Eastern Siberia., in the Caucasus; Grows from July to October.
Similar types:
Depending on the appearance, it can be confused with white mushrooms or stabber. It is well different from them with pink color tubes and, of course, bitter taste.
Pharmacological and medical properties:
Abroad, first of all in France, there were experiments in which the following were allocated medicinal properties Gorchaka:
- stimulation of immunity;
- antitumor activity;
- restoration of liver cells;
- antibacterial;
- choleretic.
In this country, drugs from false white are mainly used. They did not get widespread in the world.
A number of active ingredients were allocated from Gorchakka, which were tested in terms of medical application.
So, for example, Tilopilan was β-glucan with cytotoxic properties and a non-specific immune response stimulator. In particular, it increases the level of phagocytosis (the process in which macrophages and granulocytes are found and destroying alien microorganisms).
In the experiments of Polish researchers in mice with neoplasms (1994), anti-cancer activity was shown in combination with the suppression of the PropioniBacterium Acnes bacterium.
Studies of the extract of fruit bodies (2004) revealed an extremely high ability to inhibit the enzyme of the hepatic lipase. The component present in the pulp of fruit bodies, N-γ-glutamal-salty, showed antibacterial activity. The presence of specific bitterness made it possible to consider the mushroom as a choleretic agent.
Traditional and traditional medicine:
In Russia for medicinal purposes is not going.
The mushroom is not poisonous, but simply incredible due to bitter taste. In cooking is not used.
Preparation of the mushroom in any form is impossible due to the repeated increase in bitterness when exposed to high treatment temperature. If a bile mushroom is mistakenly used for salting or marination, then such preparation can cause poisoning. Cases of poisoning in this form are almost no observed, as it is almost impossible to eat so bitter product. If Gorchak got into a can with canning, then his bitterness would even mute vinegar and various seasonings.
How to distinguish a bile mushroom from white?
The main difference between the bile mushroom from the edible white and from the boletus is the bitter taste of the Gorchak. Try to lease the bile mushroom - and you immediately understand everything. Neither the edible white mushroom nor the boletus do not even have a hint of bitterness.
The pulp of the bile mushroom darkens with a cut and acquires a pinkish-brown color. The pulp of the edible white mushroom and the boletus does not darken with a cut, besides the poverty stabber, whose flesh is painted in a pink shade.
Another difference is its leg has a drawing in the form of a brown mesh. There is no such mesh on the leg of the edible white mushroom. The leg of the boletus has white or dark scales, which makes it similar to the birch barrel.
Borovik mesh and bronze also have a mesh on the leg, but it is not so dense and looks different in comparison with the inedible bull mushroom.
In the false white mushroom, the tubular layer has a white (in a young mushroom) or more often pinkish and dirty-pinkish color (in an adult mushroom). The tubular layer of the present white mushroom has white, yellowish or grayish color. The tubular substance of the boletus blessing agent, the old mushrooms can become brown.
Kira Tsekolova
False white mushroom, bile mushroom or Gorchak, as it was nicknamed for a very specific taste, looks like an edible white. They can be distinguished only by taste properties. It is necessary to know the features of the false mushroom, so as not to confuse it with other species.
Characteristic signs
The bile mushroom has its bright signs. It lives on the acidic soils of coniferous and deciduous forests or on rotten wood.
It grows in many regions of Russia: Samara, Volgograd, Ryazan, in the Crimean Peninsula.
The lower part of the fruit bodies hats has a pinkish shade, the present Borovka is white or yellowish, gradually greasy. Distinguish a false white mushroom will help a brown mesh on the leg. On the leg of the Borovik (mesh and bronze), the mesh is present, but it is not so dense. But the real white mushroom has such a mesh.
White mushrooms have a slightly wet hat, and the peel on the bile mushroom is always dry. The double almost always has a light brown hat, so it is almost not distinguished from the boletus, for which it is also an inedible double.
If a false white mushroom looks like a representative of edible species, then you can lease the pulp on the cut. Bind in the language will indicate what kind of fruit body belongs to.
The bile mushroom is rarely worm. Insects and beasts bypass him. The fleshy and pure false white mushroom has a good smell. The fruit bodies are soaked for a long time, salted, boil, that is, they do everything possible to improve taste, but for this you have to spend a lot of time and effort.
Medical properties
Conditionally edible species to which false white mushrooms include a lot of useful trace elements in the pulp. They are widely used for the manufacture of drugs and therapeutic and reducing cosmetics. Gorchak applies:
- As a rich source of protein.
- In the diet of patients with diabetes.
- With symps of viral, infectious, tumor and other diseases.
In folk medicine, a false white mushroom is used as a choleretic agent. No clinical studies confirming this was not carried out.
The fruit body contains a powerful anti-cancer substance that acts on a par with antibiotics used in antitumor therapy. Our ancestors treated malignant neoplasm powder made from bitter mushroom mushroom. Take it on a pinch several times throughout the day.
Until our times reached the recipe for the healing tincture. Take the crushed bitter flesh and pour it with vodka in the ratio of 1:10. Insist and if symptoms of the disease appeared, drink 30 drops 4 times a day. At the same time, it is mandatory for the drink obtained from chaga. Also prepare dishes from Gorchak. To neutralize the caustic taste, it is soaked before cooking up to 3 days in chilled milk.
Gorchak in cooking
The bile mushroom refers to the inedible mushrooms, but they cannot be called poisonous. So they made a strong bitterness contained in the pulp and capable of calling poisoning. But there is a technology, due to which the inedible white mushrooms become delicious and safe for health. The pulp must be dried, having previously shredding into small pieces. After that boil soup or other dishes.
Irina Selyutin (biologist):
During thermal processing inherent in the false white mushroom bitterness, it is enhanced several times. This is exactly what makes an extremely low percentage. food poisoningcaused by bile mushroom. However, if Gorchak, when collecting, was accidentally accepted for white and got into conservation, then poisoning is possible. This may be due to the presence of vinegar and spices that smooth the bitter taste of the mushroom. Finding into the body toxic connections begin to almost immediately destroy the liver. Highly hazardous poisoning Does the fact that the first signs may not immediately appear, but after a few weeks or even a month.
Signs of porchal poisoning:
- Total weakness: After about a day, dizziness and weakness are manifested, which soon passes.
- Violations in the liver: Start a few weeks after the use of Gorkushki in food and the normal bile compartment will stop. Against the background of this, cirrhosis of the liver can develop.
Before using the Gorchak in food, it is worth thinking well - because a lot about the impact of its toxins on the human body, we still do not yet know. Therefore, in the forest you need: carefully study appearance The collected mushroom and, if doubt, leave it where they found. And the healthier will also help themselves and will help, because any mushroom, it does not matter what - he edible or poisonous is an integral part of the cycle of substances in nature.
Contraindications
The poisoning of the ball mushroom does not carry a deadly threat, but the consequences can still be quite unpleasant. First, even a long-term boiling does not eliminate a specific taste. Secondly, the pulp contains toxins, which lead to a failure in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, destroy the liver tissues, kidneys. There are cases when Gorchak caused light poisoning and strong digestive disorders - diarrhea and so on.
For cooking and medicinal (cosmetic) drugs, it is advisable to collect young copies. First, the taste of them is not so caustic, and secondly, more beneficial substances. In addition, more toxins accumulate in the "long-livers", the processes of aging and decomposition begin.
It is important to remember that the use of Gorchaka is contraindicated to people prone to diseases of the digestive tract. Such patients are better to abandon dishes from bitter pulp and eating artificially grown fruit bodies. They are less than saturated elements that irritate the digestive organs cause allergic reactions and so on.
Children undesirable to give dishes from mushrooms to 10-14 years. They contain hard matter, such as chitin and others. It can be eaten far from all adults, not to mention children. People having chronic diseases, it is better to go to safer food.
Bile mushroom (Gorchak). False white mushroom
Gorchak - inedible twin white.
False White Mushroom (Gorchak, Ball Mushroom - Tylopilus Felleus)
Conclusion
A bile mushroom - the twin of the edible white mushroom grows throughout Russia, it does not poison and is used in food only after high-quality processing (taking into account - after high-quality). Otherwise, symptoms of poisoning occur, which does not carry a deadly threat, but causes considerable harm to health.
Quite often occurs in the average latitudes of our country, it is called a bile mushroom, but the people goes and the other name - Gorchak.
What it looks like this mushroom, probably knowing experienced mushrooms, but lovers should be careful, because Gorchak is often confused with a white mushroom, a stabber and Borovik. There are many controversial versions about whether this mushroom is dangerous. But on the question of whether the bile mushroom is edible, you can definitely answer: no, since it has a terrible bitterness and even a small piece is able to spoil the taste of the whole dish. Probably because of this property, Gorchak called him.
(Gorchak): Description
This mushroom can meet in any area of \u200b\u200bour country in the period from June to October. The bile mushroom can grow both by groups and one by one, most often occurs near coniferous forests, where the trees are rare and a lot of fallen needles. There is an opinion about Mushroom Gorchak, that this is a twin
And this is actually so, because it looks very much like it: a thick strong and fleshy leg, it is a fibrous, dark brown or brown. His hat from the inside is similar to the sponge, top view covered with a porous dense layer. The spongy part has a pinkish shade and very bitter taste. Outside the mushroom hat is covered with a thin film, it is dense and as the mushroom grows can change its color from the pale to dark brown.
How to distinguish from Gorchak?
What is this mushroom and how it looks, we have already figured out, now we will try to find out the distinctive features of the Gorchak. How not to confuse it with a white mushroom or a brezer? Perhaps the most important difference between the bile mushroom is the color of his cap from the inside. She is spongy and has a pink shade. If such a mushroom cut, then the leg will quickly darken and get a brown color. Another important feature available at the bile mushroom is that no insects never harm him. For novice mushrooms and lovers, it makes very attractive Mushrooms Gorchakka.
The photos presented here confirm it. The bile mushroom is really beautiful, but it should not take it. After all, as already mentioned, even a small piece of Gorchakka can spoil all the dish.
Is it possible to poison the glitter?
The opinions of scientists diverges about the mushroom Gorchak. That this is unbearable, but do not - Russian biologists consider. In their opinion, the use of a bile mushroom in food is not possible only because of its bitter taste. Foreign scientists believe that in the pulp of this mushroom contains toxic substances that have a destructive effect on liver cells. If, after all, this mushroom got into the human body, then he can cause a few weeks to manifest itself and another sign of poisoning - the allocation of bile. It is believed that after admission to the food of a bile mushroom, even the development of the liver cirrhosis is possible. If this mushroom caught you, think if you should take it and risk your health. Despite the fact that it is beautiful and looks quite like a real white mushroom, even insects and animals are in no hurry to enjoy the porchant, and probably not in vain.
Sometimes in common or in everyday life you can hear a whole collection of items - Gorchak, Gorkush, a hare mushroom, a false white or false Borovik - but this does not mean that familiar talk about several absolutely different mushrooms, but on the contrary.
The official name is a bile mushroom (lat. Tylopilus Felleus), known for its affiliation for the family of soothing. Mostly distributed in the regions middle strip Russia is not popular among the foresters due to dubious reputation, because even having numerous recipes for processing, it is impossible to use a bile mushroom.
Bile mushroom. Description of appearance
Nevertheless, the name of the false white object of our attention was not just like that. Possessing the most similar form, the Gorkush has a massive and strong leg, the diameter of which does not rarely reaches 7 cm, and in length and more - as well as up to 9 cm.
The base is expanded, outside the characteristic fibrity of the mesh layer, mostly brown or brown. In places of fades, the color palette instantly changes, acquiring all the shades of the pink palette.
As for the Hat, it is at times more than the leg, acquires the shape of a hemisphere stained in a light brown gamma.
But with age, the bile mushroom changes the shade on the chestnut, and the hat is drawn up and even more convex.
The more the mushroom, the stronger the hemisphere is subjected to cracks and donsam, resembles a pillow. Changes concern and colors - the old bile mushroom, the brighter the yellow brown shade.
A distinctive feature The amazing inviolability of false borovik is also considered - not a single sherbinka or dent. This is due to the fact that the insects are purposefully avoiding the mushroom, without deciding to try his taste. What is not recommended and man.
Attention! Do not forget to clarify exterior appearance In the forester of their region, due to the wide variety of color palette - representatives of the form may have a "headdress" both reddish and gray shades.
Where and when is the bile mushroom grow?
You can see the collection of bile mushrooms on the territory of the forest since August and up to the cold October Days, especially low temperatures significantly reduce the period until September. False Borovik in most cases prefers exclusively coniferous soils, which are in sufficiency among the growing christmas trees and pines.
Sometimes you can see the representative of the species and under the birch, which happens extremely rarely. But Gorkush does not like to grow in the forest wilderness, choosing the outskirts and pressed against the roots of trees (especially a lot near the rotten trunks and stumps).
Most often in one place there is a single representative or a group in a modest amount, to see the concentration of bile copies on the same sector is not possible.
It is for this reason that a bile mushroom often turns out to be in a basket along with the rest, only an experienced specialist can distinguish the substitution.
Bile mushroom. Difference of the bile mushroom from Borovik
And it is paramount to mention - resettlement useful mushrooms It is noticeably different from the preferences of Gorchakka, the same Borovka cannot be found near the rotten tree, rhizomes or hemp.
The similarity of white and bile mushrooms is indisputable, but there are nuances here. For example, pay attention to the color gamut "hats" - a white mushroom hat has dark tint From above and greenish-yellow from the inside, while the false white is famous for a pink zoo.
The leg should also cause interest among the avid forester - the white mushroom has a pronounced light shade, rather than the Gorchaka. A distinctive feature is the dullness of the mesh on the original representatives, the Gorkush cannot boast of this.
And, as mentioned earlier, bile mushroom never eat insects, which cannot be said about Borovik or a white mushroom. As you can observe, even such an accurate identity has differences.
But to avoid missing in the choice, the specialist is advised before going up on the hunt, be sure to look at the photo of the gall mushroom. So it will be much easier to distinguish the substitution and choose useful product For future dishes.
Bile mushroom. Edible or not? Taste qualities
The representative of the species fully justifies the name - it is enough to simply lease the mushroom with a hat, after which it will instantly feel bitterness, and as a result, burning.
Bitterness that is produced by a bullless mushroom is not destroyed under the influence high temperaturesIt will not help neither brewing, nor deer - from all this, the amount of bitter substance is only increasing. And one piece of the bile mushroom is enough to "infect" the whole dish.
Mitigating influence has marinade or vinegar, which allows not to notice the Gorchak in food. But it is still not recommended to use it in order to avoid further health problems.
Photo of bile mushroom
