The specificity of adolescence is different depending on the gender. The transitional stage in girls has its own characteristics, first of all associated with the reproductive system. What are the features of the development of adolescent girls, what situations are waiting for parents and what risks arise? How to properly go through the transitional age? Read more about it.
First, I want to mention that in the article I adhere to classic periodizations, and not modern proposals for the extension of adolescence up to 24 years. About why I adhere to this opinion, you can read in the article.
Based on the analysis of different age periodizations, it can be said that girls have a teenage age from 10 (12) years to 15 (16) years. In this case, the peak of negative reactions is the gap from 11 to 13 years. And the peak of emotional instability accounts for 13-15 years. In girls, the negative phase in 70% of cases ends with literary work (letters, diaries, poems).
Signs of transitional age
The signs of transitional age in girls belongs:
- the appearance of primary and secondary sexual signs;
- skin problems;
- the beginning of menstruation;
- change of hair structure;
- the desire to stand out (is often manifested by rudeness, aggressiveness, emotionality, unulcated behavior);
- stubbornness;
- maximalism;
- mood swings;
- a sharp change of habitual behavior, interests, hobbies.
Sexual development
In girls, sexual maturation begins on average in 12 years, and ends at 16 years. The characteristic feature of the girl puberty - the desire to like. To do this, they begin to dress up, care for themselves. At the same time, it is easily and sincerely falling in love, stretching to the society of boys. However, the formation of femininity (sexual identification) does not depend on the masses of the surrounding boys.
Sometimes the desire to be perfect and dissatisfaction with itself are poured into nervous disorders, for example, anorexia. Although it is worth noting that recently boys have been hurting to no less.
If you notice or suspect a disorder of food behavior at your daughter, then you need to urgently contact a specialist.
The beginning of menstruation play a special role in the development of girls:
- On the one hand, it is perceived as a stage of transformation into a woman, is a symbol of refinement and tenderness. The girl begins to strive for this image. However, this happens only on condition that the girl takes his changes.
- If a girl cannot accept the beginning of menstruation and regards it as closing the door to childhood, it becomes an obstacle to successful adaptation. A sense of inferiority, shame, insecurity may appear. However, due to the controversy of adolescence, pride and self-confidence arises, which aggravates the situation.
Write an intrapersonal conflict in the sexual (gender, reproductive) sphere in the girl may seek to separate from the mother, imposed on the desire to resemble it (sample of a woman). Mother's desire to aggravate the situation to make his copy from his daughter and the positive attitude of the Father to the rapprochement of "his women".
Physical development
The peak of growth in girls falls at the age of 10-11 years, by the age of 16, growth slows down significantly. At the same time, the weight set occurs from 11 to 14 years.
Formation of immunity
The teenage age accounts for the final phase of the development of the human immune system. In girls, this happens in 12-13 years. The formation of immunity depends on the external conditions of the medium and from heredity. That is why adolescent is important:
- well and properly eat;
- do sport;
- avoid bad habits.
The cardiovascular system
Girls have a rapid heartbeat and hypertension. Arterial pressure is as elevated as much as possible at 13-14 years. From this there are:
- headaches,
- dizziness
- fatigue.
Muscles
In physical strength, girls reach the level of adult women by 14-15 years.
Breath
There is an increase in respiratory organs. The girls prevailing the chest breathing type. Girls worse transfer the lack of air during exercise.
Emotional sphere
Girls brighter boys are experiencing any emotions. They are all perceived as highly valuable, vital, important.
- The peak of emotion is 13-14 years old, then decreases.
- A new burst occurs in 18 years.
Often, these bursts are referred to as a transition crisis. Emotional and configured differences are characterized: sadness and despair are replaced by euphoria and joy. In general, girls prevail a manic-depressive state, which is due to hormonal and somatic restructuring with low awareness and accept itself.
Facts about health (psychological, physical)
To speak in general about the health of modern adolescent girls, then several disappointing facts can be noted (data of the research M. B. Krasnikova):
- slow pace of physical development;
- disorders in the formation of the reproductive system;
- abundance of chronic and recurrent diseases;
- psychosomatic problems;
- prevalence of sexually transmitted infections;
- early pregnancy;
- deviant behavior (alcoholism, drug addiction, toxicizing);
- problems with social integration;
- each eighth girl has violations in sexual development or gynecological problems.
It is noted that these facts are associated with the problems of mental teenage girls. This occurs under the influence of the destructive family education, the decline of morality in society, the availability of information against the background of a small number of organized propaganda of the useful material.
The role of the family in the formation of a teenage girl
The task of parents in solving this problem is to contribute, that is, first of all, to create:
- favorable intra-family relationships;
- psychologically comfortable conditions for the development of a teenage girl.
It is also necessary to conduct educational conversations, to acquaint a girl with changes in its body in a timely manner (first of all talk about monthly, pregnancy), describe the pros and cons of these changes, that is, advantages and risks.
It is important on a personal example to show the value of a healthy lifestyle. It is unacceptable that your words and actions dispel. Also unacceptably the discrepancy between parental positions in the upbringing.
Common, but erroneous is the opinion that the family should exist prohibitions for discussing any such, for example, sex. Or sometimes parents are trimming. There should be no taboo. The girl must have the right to know about his function of a woman and the future mother. It is illiteracy often a root cause. You can not talk to yourself - give the book, video tape, disk.
- If the problems of the girls are inflated, but easily solved, then you need to do it. It is important to see a thin line between dangerous behavior and admissible. For example, if a girl is unhappy with himself because of hairstyles, it can be changed. If there is a real problem of excess weight, then a reasonable way to lose weight. But if the girl completely stops feeding, then you need to begin prevention (treatment) anorexia.
- It is impossible to reset the daughter of his daughter. Father is an equally important figure. This is a sample of a male role. Dads are not important not to scare from his growing daughter and not to run away from it, but at the same time not to fall into total custody, prohibitions. Father Support, Care, Protection (if necessary).
- Tools together with teenage criticality and maximalism. Disassemble all situations and clearly demonstrate the duality of each event and step. In total there are two medals. Describe your real situations and sensations, but remember that your child is unique (it is not you).
- Provide the girl the right to choose, but with a permanent responsibility.
- The main instrument in the establishment of contact is a dialogue. Always. Even if the child screams. He is not an adult yet, because he is forgiven (hormones,). You are an adult and have no right to descend to such a level. But it is impossible to swallow it. You can report that you upset. If you can't talk to sleep well - go away, calm down and later spoke the situation.
- Do not dare to read your daughter's diary. I understand that I want to know what it breathes, but this is not the option. An exception can only be one thing - you are 100% sure that your daughter is in danger. If you are just wondering what is happening in her life, you will have to tolerate and find ways that the daughter herself wanted to tell about it.
- Remember that the teenager himself does not understand what happens to him. Question "What's wrong with you?" Does not improve the situation.
RESULTS
Self-knowledge - the basis of adolescent age. Girls have a leading role in planning a future family life, finding a potential husband, creating his ideal. The girl evaluates its success through the success in interpersonal relationships.
All adolescent age can be described as critical. Do not exacerbate the situation. The most teenage girl is waiting for the wise council, support, understanding.
Teenage age is largely similar in boys and girls, because in addition I recommend reading the article. There you will find additional recommendations on the interaction with your young lady and sending to the literature.
Be the one you want to see your child! After all, he still copies the main features with you.