Lesson type: combined
Target
formation of ideas about the purpose and structure of trains and railways
Basic concepts and definitions
Ground and underground transport, railway arrangement
Planned results
Subject
Will learn: classify trains depending on their purpose; talk about the structure of the railway.
Will have the opportunity to learn: compare ancient and modern trains; make assumptions and prove them; understand the educational task of the lesson and strive to fulfill it; work in pairs, using the information presented to gain new knowledge.
Metasubject
Regulatory: navigate the textbook and workbook; accept and maintain the learning task; evaluate the results of their actions; predict the outcome of their actions; predict the results of the level of mastery of the studied material.
Cognitive: general educational - independently put forward and formulate cognitive goals; logical - search for essential information (from textbook materials, from a teacher’s story on reproduction from memory).
Communicative: know how to exchange opinions, listen to another student - communication partner and teacher; coordinate your actions with your partner; enter into collective educational cooperation, accepting its rules and conditions; build concepts of speech utterances.
Personal results
Awareness of human responsibility for general well-being; ethical feelings, primarily benevolence and emotional and moral responsiveness.
Preparing to learn new material
Let's learn to explain the purpose of trains, distinguish their main types
Learning new material
Why are trains needed?
Remember what trains you know. Look at the photographs. Tell us about the purpose of these trains.
Compare different passenger trains.
Freight train Electric train
Long distance train Metro train
Where should you go? Far or close? Different passenger trains will help here.
Many cities have a metro. Metro trains travel in underground corridors - tunnels. They will take you from one area of the city to another.
You can get close to the city by commuter train - electric train.
Long-distance trains go to distant cities.
Unlike cars, trains travel by rail. Think and tell us how the railways work.
Comprehension and understanding of acquired knowledge
Do you know that..
The first railway appeared in Russia more than 170 years ago? Steam locomotives ran along it. And now a whole network of railways has been built in our country. Passengers are transported between Moscow and St. Petersburg by high-speed electric trains - Sapsan.
Using this information, tell what is shown in an old painting and a modern photograph
Conclusion
Trains are ground and underground transport. Unlike cars, trains
travel by rail. Trains are needed to transport
passengers and cargo.
Independent application of knowledge
1.Why do people create trains?
2. What types of trains are there?
3. How is the railway structure?
For whatneededtrains
Trains and Locomotives video for children
Trains and railway. Watching a freight and passenger train
Storydevelopmentsteam locomotive building
1. At the station, parts of the trains - passenger and freight - were mixed up. Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and assemble the trains. Ask your deskmate to check on you. After checking, stick the parts. Tell us what kind of cargo the freight train carries.
A freight train carries cars, sand, timber, chemical substances, various goods.
2. Do you know what a children's railway is? This is a wonderful place! If the opportunity arises, visit such a road and get to know how it works. If there is no opportunity, find out about it using the Internet or other sources of information. Be prepared to talk in class about what you saw and learned.
Children's railways
Children's railways are special educational clubs in which children aged 8-15 years study railway specialties. Children's railways are trying to bring them as close as possible to the prototype - public railways. Therefore, as far as possible, children's railways use the same equipment as real railways.
Sometimes children's railways are called attractions located in cultural and recreation parks, which are a train that rides children in a circle. However, such attractions are not children's railways. Firstly, they are operated by adults, and secondly, real children's railways are organizations that teach children the basics railway professions, which does not apply to attractions.
The first children's railway was built in Moscow in 1932. By the mid-1980s, at least 52 children's railways operated in the USSR. Now in Russia there are 25 children's railways in the cities: Vladikavkaz, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kazan, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Kratovo, Kurgan, Liski, Nizhny Novgorod, Novomoskovsk, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Penza, Rostov-on-Don, St. Petersburg, Svobodny, Tyumen, Ufa, Khabarovsk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Yaroslavl.
MBOU Ostrovyanskaya secondary school
teacher: Sergeeva L.M.
Lesson summary of the surrounding world in 1st grade
according to the educational complex "School of Russia"
Lesson topic: "Why are trains needed?"
Lesson type: learning new material.
Target: To form in children an idea of trains and the railway.
Tasks:
clarify and systematize students’ ideas about the purpose of trains; about the structure of the railway;
complete assignments in groups based on textbook information
Planned results:
Subject:
determine the destination of trains;
classify trains depending on their destination;
know the structure of the railway
Personal:
determine the personal meaning of studying the lesson topic;
demonstrate a holistic perception of the world around you
Metasubject :
Regulatory: understand the educational task of the lesson, strive to complete it, develop the ability to work in a group and independently, assist a friend, evaluate one’s achievements in the lesson;
Communication : to develop the ability to generalize, draw conclusions, find patterns, extract information from a drawing, conduct mutual verification;
Cognitive : develop memory, logical thinking and speech, develop cognitive interest.
Equipment: Textbook: Pleshakov A.A. " The world 1st grade", computer, electronic supplement to the textbook "The World Around You", multimedia projector, presentation "Why are trains needed?", song "We are going, going, going..." video "Russian Railways", children's railway.
For children: Textbooks, help sheets, envelopes with materials from the application, glue, traffic lights, emoticons for reflection.
Teacher activities
Student activities
I . Organizing time
– We have a lot of guests in our lesson today. Say hello to them and smile. Smile at each other - give good mood. Sit down.
II. Motivation for learning activities.
– Let's start a lesson about the world around us.
– What is the name of the section we are studying?
– Do you think you will learn something new in class today?
You are ready?
– I want to wish you good luck.
Our lesson motto:
III . Updating knowledge
So, together with the Ant and the Wise Turtle, we continue to discover new knowledge.
One day, returning home, Ant heard an argument between two people:
There are 2 drivers near the garden
We got involved in a serious argument:
Whose car is newest?
Whose is stronger and faster,
Whose, how the sun shines
And like a feather it flies...
Ant listened and listened to this argument and thought:
“Why do we need cars?”
Let's help Ant Question find the answer!
1. A car is a land means of transport.
2. Modern car fueled by coal.
3. The engine is called the “heart of the car”
4. Cars with gasoline engines cause a lot of air pollution.
5. Minibus taxi, bus, trolleybus transport passengers.
6. A car is the only vehicle that can carry passengers and cargo.
So, we found out that in addition to the car, other types of transport can transport passengers and cargo.
Interested to know which ones?
IV. Setting a learning task.
1) – One day Ant saw an interesting car and wrote a riddle about it. Try to guess it:
What kind of miracle? Here's the car!
A hundred wheels! Where are the tires?
Rushing along the steel road.
Invites you for a ride
.
Would you like to take a ride? We sat down straight and let's go.
What train is this?
Are there real trains?
– Who saw the trains? Where?
– How many of you traveled by train?
– Can you guess what we will talk about in class today?
Guys, please tell me what we can’t start the lesson without?
Open the textbooks p.62, find the Ant, and together with him set the learning task for the lesson.
V. Discovery of new knowledge.
Guess the riddles and you will find out what types of trains there are?
1) I am at any time of the year
And in any bad weather
Very often at any hour
I'll take you underground.
Think about what subway trains are needed for?
In large cities where more than a million people live, trolleybuses, buses and trams do not have time to transport people around the city. That’s why underground railways – subways – are being built in large cities. The metro is much more convenient than other types of urban transport. Light, roomy carriages deliver passengers from one end of the city to the other in a short time. The metro is being built at a depth of 15–20 m, so the noise of rushing cars does not bother anyone. Metro stations in Moscow and St. Petersburg are very beautiful and look like fairy-tale palaces. People are transported to metro trains by a moving staircase - an escalator.
2) Past the grove, past the ravine
It rushes without smoke, it rushes without steam
Steam locomotive sister
Who is she?
Guess what the electric train is needed for?
You can take the train outside the city, a short distance from your home. Those who have dachas often use this type of transport. Electric trains most often include 10 cars (there can be from 4 to 12). For drivers, the head (end) cars are equipped with cabins with the necessary control equipment and control devices.
3) I went into the green house
I spent more than a day there
This house turned out to be
In another distant city.
Think about what a long-distance train is needed for?
Traveling to a distant city by train is inconvenient. The journey is long and there are no amenities, so passengers buy tickets for long-distance trains. Long-distance trains have sleeping places, toilets, and dining cars. Each carriage has a conductor who serves the passengers of his carriage.
- To find out the name of the next train, you need to complete the puzzle.
4) Iron itself,
The iron road
He runs himself
And the cargo is useful
Runs on his heels,
And the ground beneath him trembles.
What are freight trains for?
VI. Primary consolidation.
1) Working with textbook text
– Let's check whether we have correctly determined the purpose of passenger trains. Open your textbooks on p.90.
2) Working with pictures of trains.
– Look at the photographs (the children have a picture of trains) and tell me which 2 groups can we divide all the trains into? Why?
VII. Physical exercise.
VIII. Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson
1) Answers to questions:
– Guys, answer the question: what train will Ant go to the dacha on?
– Which train will Ant go to the museum on?
– In the summer, perhaps one of you will go on vacation with your parents to the sea. Which train will you take?
2) Work in groups
Guys, help Question Ant figure it out.
what makes trains move, who drives the train and how is the railway structure?
Why does a train need a locomotive?
What is a carriage? What types of carriages are there?
3) Work with handouts: “Assemble a train”
(sheets are hung on the board.)
– Take the pictures in the envelopes and assemble the trains.
Check the work of your comrades. Evaluate the work using a traffic light.
– How are passenger trains different from freight trains? (different carriages )
- What is a railway?
(rails and sleepers)
Guess what rails and sleepers are?
Find the words rails, sleepers on the help sheets.Rail - This is a narrow steel beam along which the wheels of the cars roll.
The rails lie on sleepers - wooden or concrete beams laid across the railway track. They are needed to support the rails.
3). Working with the textbook .
– Consider the diagram on p. 91
What words have you heard and do you understand them?
– What words do you not understand? (Overpass, tunnel, barrier)
4) Game “Help the Question Ant correct his mistakes”
5). Working with the textbook. History of the railway.
– We learned about how trains and railways work and what they look like. Do you know when the first railway appeared?
– Let's read the text on p.63. ("Do you know that….)
6). Teacher's story.
- Guys, are you interested in knowing what the ancestors of the modern train were like?
The railway first appeared in cities in the 17th and 18th centuries. The carriage was pulled along the rails by a horse driven by a coachman. The people called this railway “horse tram”.
– In Russia, the first steam locomotive was invented by the masters Cherepanovs (father and son Efim and Miron).
These were small and clumsy engines with four wheels and a pipe as long as a giraffe's neck. But they walked on the rails very quickly and could drag a load heavier than 3 tons.
The railway was built in Nizhny Tagil. The rails were laid for only 800 meters. It was the first railway in our country.
Such trains operated on railways until the 50s of the 20th century.
The most famous train in the history of Russia was the train that brought the winning soldiers from Germany in June 1945 to Moscow.
Over time, railway lines began to be built throughout the country. Locomotives and carriages were changed, their mechanisms were improved. One of the latest achievements is the high-speed train "Sapsan", which transports people between Moscow and St. Petersburg.
7) Working with the textbook p.63
- Using the information, tell what is shown in the old picture and modern photograph.
IX . Reflection.
What task did you like most in the lesson?
What task caused difficulties? Why?
What new did you learn in the lesson?
Repeat where in Everyday life will we be able to apply the knowledge gained?
X . Summing up the lesson.
– Have we answered the main question of the lesson: “Why are trains needed?”
– What discoveries did you make in class?
Welcome guests
Why and why
Yes
Everything will work out!
They work as traffic lights
+
-
+
+
+
-
Yes
train
They sing the song “We are going, we are going, we are going...”
toy
Yes
about trains
without a goal
reading the problem p.62
metro train
children's answers, performance
train
children's answers, performance
Long-distance trains
(transport people on small distances from the city)
children's answers, performance
Group work
Freight train
Reading text
Group work
1.ground transport and underground transport
2. cargo and passenger
Children's answers
(ontrain)
(metro train)
(Long-distance trains)
This is a strong man who pulls carriages behind him.
Passenger, cargo
work in groups on worksheets
Working with help sheets
Overpass, tunnel, barrier
Reading the text aloud p.63
Children correct mistakes, 1 works on a computer with an electronic application.
Class: 1
Target: To form in children an idea of the purpose and structure of trains and railways.
Tasks:
- Introduce the types, purpose and structure of trains; to form ideas about the structure and purpose of railways, about the professions of people working in this field; to introduce the history of the development of the railway, the purpose of the children's railway.
- Develop an interest in technology; develop monologue speech and fantasy, the ability to classify, generalize and draw conclusions.
- To foster respect for the professions of parents and patriotism.
Planned results: students will learn to explain the purpose of trains; talk about the structure of the railway.
Equipment: Textbook: Pleshakov A.A. "The world around us 1st grade" workbook, computer, multimedia projector, presentation, electronic supplement to the textbook.
For children: Textbooks, workbooks, cut-out numbers, envelopes with materials and applications, glue, “traffic lights”.
During the classes
I.Organizing time.
– We have a lot of guests at our lesson today. Say hello to them and smile. Smile at each other - give a good mood. Sit down.
II. Motivation for learning activities.
- Let's start a lesson about the world around us.
– What is the name of the section we are studying? ( Why and why).
– Do you think you will learn something new in class today? You are ready?
– I want to wish you good luck. Let's read the motto of this lesson: (on the board)
Everything will work out!
III.Updating knowledge.
– What did we talk about in the last lesson?
– Why did people create cars?
– What types of cars are there?
– What work did you do at home? (glued together a car model)
– Let’s repeat the structure of a car (One student works with an electronic
appendix to the textbook , the rest are found on their models.)
IV.Setting a learning task.
1) – The ant brought us a riddle:
What kind of miracle? Here's the car!
A hundred wheels! Where are the tires?
Rushing along the steel road.
He invites you for a ride. ( train) (slide 2)
2) – Look at the photographs and say that there is something superfluous here. Why? ( slide 3)
– Who saw the trains? Where?
– Which of you traveled by train?
– Name the topic of today’s lesson.
- Guys, Ant asks him to help. He is in the city and decided to go to the country.
Which train should he take? Show with a number.
- And the wise Turtle in big city I decided to visit the museum. Can she go by train? Which?
– We got different opinions. What should we do? (figure out)
– What tasks will we set for ourselves?
– Continue the sentences: ( slide 4)
Learn to explain…(train destination)
Learn to distinguish...(main types of trains)
- Let's check if we have correctly identified the topic and objectives of the lesson. Open with. 62, read the topic and tasks.
V.Discovery of new knowledge.
1. Working with the textbook
– Look at the pictures on p. 62 textbooks. Read the signatures. Tell us about the purpose of the trains.
2. Guessing riddles:
- I am at any time of the year
And in any bad weather
Very fast underground
I'll take you underground. ( metro train (slide 5)
– In large cities where more than a million people live, trolleybuses, buses and trams do not have time to transport people around the city. That’s why underground railways and subways are being built in large cities. The metro is much more convenient than other types of urban transport. Light, roomy carriages deliver passengers from one end of the city to the other in a short time. The metro is being built at a depth of 15–20 m, so the noise of rushing cars does not bother anyone. Metro stations in Moscow and St. Petersburg are very beautiful and look like fairy-tale palaces.( slide 6) People are transported to metro trains by a moving staircase - an escalator.
– Which train is the following riddle about?
Past the grove, past the ravine
It rushes without smoke, it rushes without steam
Steam locomotive sister
Who is she? ( train) (slide 7)
– What are electric trains needed for? ( commuter trains) (to transport people on small distances from the city)
– Now guess another riddle:
I went into the green house
I spent more than a day there.
This house turned out to be
In another distant city. (long-distance train) (slide 8)
– What are such trains needed for?
– Listen to another riddle:
The earth is shaking, the strong man is running,
He pulls along
Cars with coal and expensive gasoline . (freight train) (slide 9)
3. Working with textbook text- Let's check whether we have correctly determined the purpose of passenger trains. Open your textbooks on p.90.
- Read the text.
4. View the plot from the electronic supplement to the textbook.
VI. Primary consolidation.
- Let's get back to the question: what train will Ant go to the dacha on? (on train) (slide 10)
– What train will Owl take to the museum? (metro train)
– In the summer, perhaps one of you will go on vacation to the sea with your parents. Which train will you take? (Long-distance trains)
– Guys, what is the difference between the carriages of passenger and freight trains? (students' answers)
Slides 11, 12
5 .Work in pairs.
- How is the railway organized? Think about it, discuss in pairs. (Student answers) ( slides 13, 14)
6. Working with the textbook.
– Look at the diagram on p. 91. ( slide 15)
– What words do you not understand? ( Overpass, tunnel, barrier - slides 16, 17, 18, 19)
– There is also a railway crossing within the boundaries of our village. How is it built?
7. Working with the textbook. History of the railway.
– You and I learned about how trains and railways work, what they look like. Do you know when the first railway appeared?
- let's read the text on p. 63. ("Do you know that….)
8. Teacher's story.
– In Russia, the first steam locomotive was invented by the masters Cherepanovs (father and son Efim and Miron).
These were small and clumsy engines with four wheels and a pipe as long as a giraffe's neck. But they walked on the rails very quickly and could drag a load heavier than 3 tons. (slides 20, 21)
The railway was built in Nizhny Tagil. The rails were laid for only 800 meters. It was the first railway in our country. (slides 22, 23) Pedestrians climbed into the steam slow-moving ships. ( slide 24) And they could easily get off on the move. Over time, railway lines began to be built throughout the country. Locomotives and carriages were changed, their mechanisms were improved. One of the latest achievements is the high-speed train "Sapsan", which transports people between Moscow and St. Petersburg.( slide 25)
9. Independent work in a notebook. Peer review. Mutual assessment.
– Open p.42. What is shown here? (Locomotives.)
– Why does a train need a locomotive? ( This is a strong man who pulls wagons behind him)
– What is missing here? ( wagons)
– Take the pictures in the envelopes and assemble the trains.
– Check the standard .(slide 26) Check your deskmate's work. Evaluate its performance using a traffic light.
– How are passenger trains different from freight trains? ( different carriages)
10. Introduction to professions.
- Guys, do trains run on rails by themselves? The driver drives the car, but who drives the trains? What professions do people work on the railway?
– We live near the city of Belogorsk, which has a large junction railway station (slide 27). Trains go from here in different directions. There is a station, a locomotive depot and other departments.
– In our class there are children whose parents work as a track foreman, an assistant driver, an inspector, and a conductor. Let's listen to their stories. (Students' stories accompanied by slides with photographs.)
11. Children's railway.
- And what do you think. Can children drive trains?
In some cities of our country: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, etc. there are children's railways. (slide 28). They work in the summer and are served only by schoolchildren: conductors, drivers, auditors - these are children. (slides 29 – 32)
There is such a wonderful place in our Amur region - in the city of Svobodny the small Transbaikal Railway has been operating for more than 70 years. It is the longest of all children's tracks in Russia. If the opportunity arises, visit such a road and get to know how it works.
In the meantime, you can find information on the Internet, tell us in the next lesson and draw a children's railway in your notebook on p. 43.
VII. Reflection.
(slide 33)
– Why do people create trains?
– What types of trains are there?
– How is the railway structure? ( railway roadbed, tunnels, overpasses, crossings...)
VIII. Summarizing.
– Have we answered the main question of the lesson: “Why are trains needed?”
– What discoveries did you make in class?
Transcript
1 MKOU Izdeshkovskaya Secondary School LESSON OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN 1st CLASS ON THE TOPIC: “WHY DO WE NEED TRAINS?” Conducted by the teacher classes Zhazhkova Almira Mansurovna Izdeshkovo Goal: To form in children an idea of the purpose and structure of trains and railways. 1
2 Objectives: To introduce the types, purpose and structure of trains; to form ideas about the structure and purpose of railways, about the professions of people working in this field; to introduce the history of the development of the railway, the purpose of the children's railway. Develop an interest in technology; develop monologue speech and fantasy, the ability to classify, generalize and draw conclusions. To foster respect for the professions of parents and patriotism. Planned results: students will learn to explain the purpose of trains; talk about the structure of the railway. Equipment: Textbook: Pleshakov A.A. “The world around us, grade 1”, workbook, computer, multimedia projector, presentation, electronic supplement to the textbook, fan of numbers, model railway For children: Textbooks, workbooks, cut numbers, envelopes with materials and applications, glue, model rail I . Organizing time. Lesson progress We have a lot of guests in our lesson today. Say hello to them and smile. Smile at each other and give a good mood. Sit down. II. Motivation for learning activities. Let's start a lesson about the world around us. What is the name of the section we are studying? (Why and why). Do you think you will learn something new in class today? You are ready? I want to wish you good luck. Let's read the motto of this lesson: (on the board) Everything will work out! III. Updating knowledge. What did we talk about in the last lesson? - What did people ride in ancient times? (SLIDE 1) - Why did people create cars? What types of cars are there? What kind of work have you done at home? (glued together a model of a car) Let's repeat the structure of a car (One student names, 2
3 others are found on their models.) IV. Setting a learning task. 1) The ant brought us a riddle: (Riddle on slide 2). The student reads. What kind of miracle? Here's the car! A hundred wheels! Where are the tires? Rushing along the steel road. He invites you for a ride. (train) (slide 2) 2) Look at the photographs and say what is superfluous here. Why? (slide 3) Who saw the trains? Where? How many of you traveled by train? Name the topic of today's lesson. Guys, Ant asks him to help. He is in the city and decided to go to the country. Which train should he take? Show with a number. And the wise Turtle in the big city decided to visit the museum. Can she go by train? Which? We got different opinions. What should we do? (figure it out) What tasks will we set for ourselves? Continue the sentences: (slide 4) Learn to explain (the purpose of trains) Learn to distinguish (the main types of trains) Let's check if we have correctly identified the topic and objectives of the lesson. Open with. 62, read the topic and tasks. V. Discovery of new knowledge. 1. Working with the textbook Look at the pictures on p. 62 textbooks. Read the signatures. Tell us about the purpose of the trains. 2. Guessing riddles: I will take you underground at any time of the year and in any bad weather. Very quickly underground. (metro train) (slide 5) In big cities where more than a million people live, trolleybuses, buses and trams do not have time to transport people around the city. That's why underground railways are being built in large cities 3
4 metro. The metro is much more convenient than other types of urban transport. Light, roomy carriages deliver passengers from one end of the city to the other in a short time. The metro is being built at a depth of m, so the noise of rushing cars does not bother anyone. The metro stations in Moscow and St. Petersburg are very beautiful and look like fairy-tale palaces. (Slide 6) People are transported to the metro trains by a moving staircase and escalator. What kind of train is the following riddle about: Past the grove, past the ravine Rushing without smoke, racing without steam Steam locomotive sister Who is she? (train) (slide 7) What are trains needed for? (commuter trains) (transport people short distances from the city) Now guess another riddle: I went into a green house, I stayed in it for more than a day. This house turned out to be in another distant city. (long-distance train) (slide 8) Why are such trains needed? Listen to another riddle: The earth is trembling, the strong man is running, He is pulling wagons with coal and expensive gasoline behind him. (freight train) (slide 9) 3. Working with the textbook text Let's check whether we have correctly determined the purpose of passenger trains. Open your textbooks on p.90. Read the text. 4. View the plot from the electronic supplement to the textbook. VI. Primary consolidation. Let's return to the question: what train will Ant go to the dacha? (by train) (slide 6) What train will Owl go to the museum? (metro train) In the summer, perhaps one of you will go on vacation to the sea with your parents. Which train will you take? (long-distance train) Guys, what is the difference between the carriages of passenger and freight trains? (student responses) Slides 11, Work in pairs. How is the railway organized? Think about it, think about it 4
5 in pairs. Look at the model railway on your desk. (Students' answers) (slides 13, 14) 2. Working with the textbook. Consider the diagram on p. 91. (slide 14) What words do you not understand? (Overpass, tunnel, barrier slides 16, 17, 18, 19) - There is also a railway crossing within the boundaries of our village. How is it built? 3. Physical education minute We stomp our feet, We clap our hands, We nod our heads, We raise our hands And then we spin around. We stomp our feet, We clap our hands, We nod our heads. We will spread our hands and run in circles. 4. Working with the textbook. History of the railway. We learned about how trains and railways work and what they look like. Do you know when the first railway appeared? let's read the text on p.63. (“Do you know that.) 5. The teacher’s story. In Russia, the first steam locomotive was invented by the masters Cherepanovs (father and son Efim and Miron). These were small and clumsy engines with four wheels and a pipe as long as a giraffe's neck. But they walked on the rails very quickly and could drag a load heavier than 3 tons. (Slides 20, 21) The railway was built in Nizhny Tagil. The rails were laid for only 800 meters. It was the first railway in our country (slides 22, 23). Pedestrians climbed into the steam slow-moving ships. (slide 24) And they could easily get off on the move. Over time, railway lines began to be built throughout the country. Locomotives and carriages were changed, their mechanisms were improved. One of the latest achievements is the high-speed train "Sapsan", which transports people between Moscow and St. Petersburg. (Slide 25) 5
6 6. Independent work in a notebook. Peer review. Open p.42. What is shown here? (Locomotives.) Why does a train need a locomotive? (This is a strong man who pulls carriages behind him) What is missing here? (cars) Take the pictures in the envelopes and assemble the trains. Check the standard. (Slide 26) Check the work of your desk neighbor. How are passenger trains different from freight trains? (different carriages) 7. Introduction to professions. Guys, do trains run on rails by themselves? The driver drives the car, but who drives the trains? What professions do people work on the railway? We live near the city of Vyazma, which has a large junction railway station. Trains go from here in different directions. There is a station, a locomotive depot and other departments. In our class there are children whose parents work as a track master or inspector. 8. Children's railway. And what do you think. Can children drive trains? In some cities of our country: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, etc. there are children's railways (slide 28). They work in the summer and are served only by schoolchildren: conductors, drivers, auditors are children. (Slides 29-32) There is such a wonderful place in our Amur region in the city of Svobodny, the small Trans-Baikal Railway has been operating for more than 70 years. It is the longest of all children's tracks in Russia. If the opportunity arises, visit such a road and get to know how it works. In the meantime, you can find information with your parents on the Internet, tell us in the next lesson and draw a children's railway in the notebook on p. 43.VII. Reflection. For the lesson I brought you a children's electronic railway. Now we will look at the device and its operation in practice. (Practical work. Assembling a railway, launching a train) (slide 33) 6
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