At an early age, the kids with interest they know the world around them, while the speech of the child in 3 years is an important component. For parents it is very important to follow the development of crumbs, the assimilation of new information. At this age, the baby must speak clearly, let him still say complex offers. Already by the four years, speech must be saturated with pronouncements, adjectives that allow you to describe the properties of surrounding items. The development of speech for children at this age is extremely important, so it is important to eliminate any defects.
The development of children's speech 3-4 years is characterized by the following features: the child says it is clear, even in chairs, repeats the words that hears, knows how to make simple proposals, can make a small retelling.
Diagnostics
Speaking about the development of speech in children 3 4 years old, it must be said that it is fundamental. Social adaptation of crumbs will depend on it, as well as in the future school learning. There are certain normawhich is determined whether a child has or not. If a lag is noted, then it is worth using a special program for the development of speech. There are also many benefits that caring parents can be guided. It is not necessary to allow the crumb to lag behind their peers, it is important to catch up with the missed one.
Specialists allocate regulatory indicators by learning that you can determine whether the child's speech corresponds to its age characteristics.
Norma
Before dealing with the question of how to teach the child to talk at 3 years, it is worth introducing closer with the rules for the development of children's speech. Such indicators are strictly individual, there are no strict restrictions. But approximately parents should focus on the following provisions:
The vocabulary of the child is 3 years old must be 800-1000 words. By 4 years, it is normal to 2000 words.
IN active dictionary The child appears almost all parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs, pronouns, numeral, adverb, prepositions, particles, unions.
- The child gets his own surname, name and patronymic.
- He can immediately repeat what he heard.
- I am pleased to retell a fairy tale, a cartoon who watched.
- It has the ability to talk quietly or loudly, if there is such a need.
- May call the names of relatives or friends.
- For a child, three years is considered to be normal to call actions.
- It tells what the signs have surrounding items, for example, the mother is beautiful, the apple is dirty and so on.
- Also in children it turns out to be grouping items, that is, they include coats and shorts, and panties. At the same time, he will not attribute a pan or pencils to the clothes.
- The benefits say that the crumb can describe the situation that he saw.
- The crumbs get to perceive to speak with such proposals, but at the same time there are attempts to move to more complex.
Features of speech
The imperfection of the development of the articulation apparatus at the age of 3-4 years involves the peculiarities of the speech characteristic of this age, which are the norm and should not be concerned with the parents.
Children 2 3 4 years old have a number of features that are recognized as the norm for most children. Parents should know what can be characterized as a lag, and what is recognized by the normal course of speech development.
Many kids try to speak beautifully, correctly, somehow imitate adults. But many it does not work, more often the words sound clouded, even funny. The crumb of three years says unbelievable.
- Incorrectly pronounces long and unfamiliar words.
- Reduces long words (instead of a "steamer" - "switch", instead of "car" - "tire").
- Rearranges syllables in words (instead of "musical" - "zamukaal").
- Misses sounds (instead of "red" - "Casin").
- Pronounces consonants in a soft form (instead of the "Cat" - "Koska").
- Whistling sounds with, s, c is not clearly clear, skipping or replacing other sounds (instead of the "castle" - "Mamok", instead of the "dog" - "Tobaka").
- The hissing sounds sh, w, sh, h says not clearly, passes (instead of "cap" - "Syagodka", instead of "beetle" - "Yuk").
- Sounds P, L misses or replaces to "y", "l" (instead of the "rocket" - "Jacket" or "Laybe").
- Incorrectly builds suggestions, rearning words (I want no porridge. Many toy.).
The crumb of three years says unbelievable, but his speech is quickly improving, improving.
It is necessary that the crumbs develop correctly, such shortcomings do not require correction. Problems such as the rearrangement of the syllables, the change of sounds are not a deviation. The problem is that the physiological development of the speech apparatus is not completely, it is still formed. Therefore, the crumbs do not cope with such complex sounds as "p", "l", "s", "sh".
Development sound culture Speech in children 3 4 years old implies that the crumb listens to all the sounds, the words that surround it. If it is not possible to reproduce the words as required, then the crumble easily forms more convenient wordforms. At this age, attempts to repeat the fun and poems at this age, as well as compose them.
Deviation
After reading the rules of development of speech at this age, it is possible to determine whether the baby develops normally. Parents should alert the following characteristic signs of speech delay.
- The child has a completely lack of speech in 3 years or he speaks extremely few.
- Parents cannot understand what the child says.
- He speaks very quickly or vice versa slow.
- It can not even build a simple sentence.
- The baby often dutches the mouth, abundant salivament.
All these signs may indicate severe speech deviations, and in this case parents need to contact the specialists.
Consultation of the pediatrician, child neurologist and speech therapist will help find out the cause of speech deviations and start treatment and correction on time.
What promotes speech development
To find out this, parents should explore a variety of benefits, techniques. It can be done on your own, but you can communicate with specialists. In the event that independent classes do not give any results, it is worth contacting the speech therapists. You can choose special exercises for the child, it can be done even in two years. In any case, you need to communicate with Croha, talk to him, as well as expand the sphere of communication. Try to acquaint your baby with new people, push it to contact with them, explain that he has nothing to fear.
In conversations with the child on the third year of life, you need to use new words to increase it vocabulary. Any success should be celebrated on your part, you need to praise the crumb and encourage it. As for the vocabulary stock, it must gradually increase, you need to teach individual words with the baby. Also, an increase in the vocabulary contributes to reading fairy tales. Remember that when reading, you need to pay attention to intonation and expressiveness. So the baby will remember how to talk correctly.
By four years you can teach functions, it will allow you to learn how to pronounce hissing, whistling sounds. Feel free and not be lazy to correct the baby, if he pronounces the words wrong. If you are attentive to children's speech, then Croch will think about what you need to strive to speak correctly. You can pick up a variety of didactic games On the development of speech for children 3 4 years old. If you decide to play, improving it, we need to try to talk to the baby in different ways, - loud, quietly, quickly, slowly.
Learn a child to say
Many parents are concerned about the question, from what age you need to teach crumbs to speak. Do you need to teach two three year old? It is not necessary to specifically teach the crumb, to force the words to join.
- Talk the baby in the game process, you can already use various methods of speech motivation. You can, for example, just tell the crumb about everything that you see on a walk. Always need to ask about how the day was going, which was interesting in kindergarten, which he saw.
- Speak correctly and clearly uttering words. Actively articulate during communication with the baby.
- Praise the crumb for any attempts to pronounce new sounds or words.
- Gently straighten the baby if he says words and sounds wrong, but do not scold.
- Teach the child to formulate descriptions of items and phenomena: what is it? Or who is it? what colour? What is the doll? How can you call a doll?
- Stimulate the chat with other children. More often attend playgrounds, events, birthdays.
- Read children's fun, poems, riddles, they are perfectly perceived by the kids, while their progress contributes to speech development.
- Let the crumb to play with small details, it can be both cereals and sand, and plasticine.
- Get acquainted with presentations and benefits that tell about. After all, it directly affects the formation of speech.
Exercises
It is important to planning, you need to understand who, when will deal with the crumb. Turn into the kid mode regular classes . It is better in the morning. It is enough to give classes 10-15 minutes a day.
Articulating gymnastics for lips: show teeth and smile wide, hold 5 seconds, pull the sponge tube and hold 7 seconds. Repeat up to 10 times.
If not confident in our own power, there are not enough presentations and flows, you can attract specialists from the part. The emergence of the lag of development of children does not occur unexpectedly, it is a long result, it can confirm even GEF. Kids can help developing games, speaking sounds. When it does not work independently, you can find a good speech therapist.
According to the article, we have prepared a presentation "I study talk. Features of the development of the speech of children of 3-4 years. "
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Paskina
Chief Physician of the Central TsKB
Reading time: 6 minutes
A.
Last update of the article: 05/16/2019
At the age of 3-4 years, children are very inquisitive, actively explore all that surrounds them. By this time they have accumulated knowledge of various subjects and phenomena, they can express ordinary judgments about them and make their own conclusions. There is an active development of the ability to generalize - children begin to unite several items similar to any sign or appointment in one group. Speech skills are improved - it is complicated, becomes more understandable.
Features of the speech development of children 3-4 years
At the 4th year of life, the ability of speech respiration is still well developed in children - they often miss the pauses between words and phrases, sometimes incorrectly put emphasis and do not pronounce the endings of words. At this age, children are not easy to master and the ability to connect their thoughts to express their thoughts, and grammatically correct construction of proposals, and a clear pronunciation of sounds.
As for active speech, most children aged 3-4 years are owned by the following skills:
- approximately 1500 words (at 3 years) and about 2,000 words at 4 years;
- begin to speak complex suggestions;
- use sentences consisting of 4-5 words;
- ask a large number of questions;
- consume some pretexts and unions;
- try to clearly and correctly vote words as adults;
- they are trying to invent poems and rhymes to words, actively create their own words;
- carefully listen to new words and sounds for themselves, try to reproduce them;
- proper consuming verbs in the past time.
Understanding speech:
- listen to long tales and stories;
- understand complex proposals;
- capable to fulfill the request, for example, bring something, even if the subject is out of sight.
In children of 3 years, it is most often observed difficulties in the pronunciation of hissing ([sh], [uch], [h]) and sonorous sounds ([l], [p]). Hissing sounds are often replaced with whistling, and the sonorn and are skipped at all. Such problems for kids of this age are the norm.
By the 4th year of life, the vocabulary of the child is about 2000 words. In speech, in addition to verbs and nouns, numerical, pronouns and adverbs appear. If earlier in the speech of the baby, only high-quality adjectives were present - light, soft, tasty, now appear and attractive - the-tatin hat, units shoes, etc. It becomes grammatically correct and more understandable. Improved pronunciation of individual sounds. To the question of an adult baby can answer the expanded offer of 3 or more words.
Speech development rates
The pace of development of a coherent speech in children in 3-4 years old is very individual, but there are generally accepted norms to which parents can be focused to understand how correctly the speech development is in their child.
It is desirable that in 4 years a child could:
- pronounce your name, surname and patronymic;
- call the names of close relatives and friends;
- retell a fairy tale or cartoon;
- accurate to repeat the heard;
- call actions - Bird flies, the dog runs, the car rides;
- in the process of speech, decrease and increase the tone.
In the speech of children of 3-4 years old, there may be disadvantages in the pronunciation of some words, especially long and unfamiliar, as well as a fuzzy pronunciation of a number of sounds.
Increased attention requires the following cases:
- the child's speech is difficult in understanding and looks like a bastard;
- scale Active Vocabulary - The kid cannot call the items and phenomena facing daily;
- meful passive vocabulary - a child can hardly understand what they demand from him, and cannot even respond to simple questions;
- poorly developed sound-proof;
- expressions are negotiated, and the compilation of proposals causes difficulties.
The development of the child's speech is influenced both physiological factors and social. Lack of attention or his overabundance may prevent the full development of communicative skills.
Methods of development of speech
Specialists have developed various techniques that contribute to the development of speech in 3-4 years. As a rule, classes for kids of this age are held in gaming form. In addition, you can develop your toddler's speech on a walk, at home, on trips, etc.
- Expand the circle of communication kid - Chat as much as possible with people of different ages.
- Enrich its vocabulary - every new word fasten by repeating for several days.
- Watch how the child says hissing (sh, h, w) and whistling sounds (s, s, c), solid and soft. If he does wrong, correct it.
- Use different speech - quiet and loud, fast and slow.
- Tales and stories Try to read expressively, follow the timbre and intonation.
- During walks, tell more about everything you see around.
- Ask the child about the viewed cartoon, heard history, etc.
- Learn to respond expanded and give answers to asked questions.
- As you often read fairy tales, poems and patter.
- Play various verbal games, for example, "edible - inedible", "what is where lies."
The child's speech development program should be comprehensive and include various classes aimed, including the development of shallow motility, as it is closely related to it.
Speech Development Games
Training and development of children aged 3-4 years occurs, as a rule, in a game form.
The purpose of the game is the acquaintance of a child with organs involved in creating speech - heaven, lips, larynx, language. You need a mirror for classes. Tell the baby about the tag about the tongue. He lives in his mouth and very inquisitive, likes to stick out and look at different directions (while you should move the tongue up, then down, in a circle, left - right).
Another tongue loves to hide and tease - stick out, and then run away for the teeth, the bottom and the top, to be made narrow or wide. Together with the baby, play in front of the mirror - build different faces and sneak. The development of the motion muscles of the face will allow the child to quickly learn to reproduce the sounds.
"Horse"
Such classes can be held every day. Ask a child to hold the language like a horse. This exercise will help the child in the future to avoid difficulties in the pronunciation of sounds, Sh, L, R.
"Repeat"
The game teaches the child correctly pronounce words. For classes, you will need different pictures. Show pictures and call words with some definite sound, for example " Sh "or" w ":
- scarf, fur coat, cherry, wardrobe, teddy bear, hat
- acorn, toad, scissors, beetle, puddle
It is important that the child clearly uttered these sounds, the speed does not matter. Next, pick up words with pairs of hardness and softness by consonant:
- chalk, honey, teddy bear, sword, ball
- milk, oil, soap, sea
"Unite"
The game contributing to the development of visual-shaped thinking. To work, you will need cards with a picture of various dishes, clothes, fruits or vegetables. Put several cards on the table, for example, with drawings of clothes, ask the child to call them separately and then in one word. You can play and on the contrary - ask the baby to call, what kind of vegetables, fruit, etc. he knows.
"Prepositions"
The game teaches the child to use proposals and words. For classes, any item is suitable - toy, book, etc. Move the object under the table, on the table, above the table and ask the child to say where the toy is located. Tips if the baby does not cope.
"Air Wool"
This game is aimed at development of speech breathing And teaches the child to control its strength. For classes, you will need cosmetic cotton balls. Spread them on the table and jerk with a blohae on them. Whose ball will be further, he won. Later, closer to 5 years, strong speech breathing will help the child.
The program of classes for the development of speech in children of 3-4 years must include creative activities - modeling, drawing and needlework, as they contribute to the development of small motility, perfection and concentration of attention. Moving games are very useful - children easier remember the names of objects and learn to count.
Talk more with your cub, invent different storiesFairy tales - this will allow not only to develop the speech, but also to form a rich fantasy and logic. All this will help the development of the child and will prepare for school.
Read Next: The development of the child's speech is directly related to general Development Thinking and with the level of his knowledge of the world around. Therefore, the development of children's speech in an early age is an important point. This article will consider issues related to the development of speech, exercises and games for the development of speech, as well as the moments related to the correction of speech by their parents.The newborn baby has been to issue sounds in response to the proposals addressed to him. Such sounds can be "AU", "AGU", "GU". From these sounds and the development of the children's speech apparatus begins. During this period, it is necessary to talk to the baby as often as possible, he will spontaneously grow in response, as if answering your question. Here is the contact of the kid with the world around.
At the age of about 6 months, the baby begins to be broken - makes some syllable - "ma", "ba", "va", etc., which will later be gathered into separate words, combining repeating syllables. The first folded words that matter, kids can pronounce in 11 months.
When the baby marks a year and a half, he is already able to understand the addressed to them and can fulfill simple requests of the parents: "give a toy" or "pets a handle" and others. Already by two years, the baby must be able to make small simple sentences and fully understand his interlocutor. And by three years, the baby must be able to lead a conversation, consciously respond to questions and talk about ordinary events. At this age, the child can express his desires, emotions, thoughts and needs.
If the baby has no active speech at 2.5 years old, parents need to contact the speech therapist, because This kind of defects are easiest to fix at an early age.
So, we considered the stages of speech development in a child, summarize them:
- 1 stage - sounds - arise from birth;
- 2 Stage - Bulking - On the background of the bustle, the first syllables appear
- 3 Stage - Sheet - Multiple Repeating Slots
- 4 Stage - Words - the transition occurs at the stage of the shelter
- 5 Stage - the appearance of words.
Games for the development of the child's speech
Games aimed at developing a child's speech also help in developing thinking, attention, logic, introduce the world around the world, interaction with people and a lot.Game number 1 Conversations by phone (2-3 years).
Talking on the phone when the kid cannot see the interlocutor and on the contrary, they themselves contribute to the development of active oral speech.
But, as a rule, the conversation of the baby with adults comes down to the fact that he just listens to him. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately agree with the interlocutor from the tube, as it is better to build a conversation with the child. What words he speaks well, what questions understand well.
At first, questions should be simple, involving the answer with the words "yes" and "no", gradually introducing more complex issues.
Let the conversation on the phone become everyday ritual.
The game number 2 "What happens .... What happens ... "(from 3 years)
Start the game with the words:
"Soft can be oil, and also a pillow, and still mild can be ..." And wait until the child comes up with its version (at least one). If the kid does not continue your phrase, finish it yourself and offer a similar one - with another sign: any other or opposite by value, if possible (in this case, it happens ...) ..
Or such options:
- What happens round?
- What happens sharp?
- What is fluid?
- What happens fluffy?
- What happens solid?
- What happens blue? Etc…
Game number 3 "What first, that then" (from 3-4 years)
Machine the child with the concepts of "first" and "then" on visual life examples, with the help of children's books, games with cards.
When a child will be aware of the meaning of these words, suggest it to continue phrases like:
- first pour tea, then drink
- first, a person goes to bed, then rises
- first, the plane takes off, then ...
Game number 4 "What can be done with ..." (from 3-4 years)
You start:
"The ball can be thrown, roll, drop, knock him down, a racket, and also ...", "Water can be drunk. It can be washed, you can swim in it, and more ... "- the child continues.
Or short options:
- Tea drink, and cookies eat.
- On the bed lie, but sit on the chair.
- The nail is clogged, and screw screws.
- Sand in the bucket puffed, and water ... and so on.
Rules are similar: adult starts, the child continues and vice versa.
The beginning may be:
- "The sun - shines, shines, heats, and also ...."
- "Kettle - whistles, boils, ..."
- "The car is riding, buzzing, shines, ..."
- "The cat runs, walks, drinks, sleeps, ..."
- Or tasks with only one answer:
- "Who is the gavages?"
- "Who bakes pies?"
- "Who dries water trunk?"
- "Wears mushrooms on needles?"
- "Who wakes up in the morning?" etc.
Game number 6 "What inside" (from 3-4 years)
The adult calls the subject or place, and the child calls something or someone in response, which may be inside the named item or place.
- house - table,
- cabinet - sweater,
- refrigerator - kefir,
- bedside table - book,
- wood - protein,
- beehive - Bees,
- nora - Fox,
- hospital - Doctors
- shop - buyers and so on.
Game number 7 "More than ... less than" (from 3-4 years old)
Adult sets the task:
"I will call someone or anything, and you call an object or an animal that in size more than I called."
For example, ant - boxes, elephant - house, mouse - cat, pencil - samovar. Etc.
Or vice versa. You call something, and the child picks up an object that is less than the named.
Correction of speech in children
If the child does not pronounce some letters and tries to replace them with others, for example, "P" on "L", psychologists recommend to parents not to put pressure on the baby, so that it all called him right. This may lead to the fact that the child will refuse to repeat or speak at all. Better to correct the baby is not intrusive, as if recommending. Usually such defects pass by five years.Your main task, as much as possible, communicate with the child, play games for the development of speech, read together fairy tales, followed by the child questions and speech of your baby will develop a rapid pace.
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Speech development at the kid Age over the year to three. At this age, speech in children develops in their own way. Speech in girls is developing faster than their peers of boys. |
In 3 years, almost all children begin to speak. At this age, the child can already master all the sounds of the language, with the exception of sound R and hissing. The speech of the child for 3 years looks still insensitive and incomprehensible stranger people becauseat this age, this is normal, and he doesn't need a speech therapist. But it is already worth going to consult a dentist who will check whether the child has a short bridle or Incorrect bite, these defects can significantly affect the pronunciation of sounds and in the future .
IN 3 The child should be able to:
- Use adjectives in speech, indicating dimensions, color and others properties of objects (large,
If the child lags behind 1-2 points - take care of developing His speech. If the lag is observed in everything, then go to a specialist urgently.
How to develop a child's speech
Remember: the rich, clean and correct speech of the child will develop only due to communicating with adults. It is important that you show the maximum of patience to explain the new names of items, events, unusual phenomena in the words available to the baby.
Do not hover words. Some mothers are difficult to stay from "Sysyukanya", it does not help the development of the child's speech, rather, on the contrary. Let the kid call for his grandmother "Bubaska", and the cat "Kike", but he must hear the correct pronunciation from his parents, otherwise he will have a frequency version and subsequently will have to be returned.
Reading books has always served as a source for the development of spiritual and rich personality. Reading not only develops imagination, but also contributes to the expansion of the vocabulary and consolidation in memory famous child words. Discuss with the child viewed cartoons, read fairy tales, household situations. Such communication will teach crumb to think to think correctly, proper phrases.
Develop a child with a small motorcycle hands. The fact is that in the brain the centers responsible for speech and coordinate the fingers of the hands are near.
- Wander in the "finger" games,
- go to fasten the buttons, tie a lader,
-Correct pebbles,
- in the air, on the palm or sand,
-What sort out the baby peas,
- Take the clothespins
-Hasy threads, etc.
In order to correctly pronounce the sounds, you need to develop the muscles of the oral cavity, for this use in the game with the child's gym and language gymnastics. Learn the crumb blow, to spit, rinse your mouth and throat, lick - these are not just skills that do not go into everyday life, but the development of muscles of the mouth. The fulfillment of a simple complex of articulation gymnastics 2-3 times a week will allow you to easily assimilate all sounds of speech. Exercises can be performedtogether with your favorite toys, you can attract other family members by giving the role of teacher to the baby. Take a child when communicating to watch directly on the speaker, then he adapts to the articulation of adults.
Download:
Preview:
In 3 years, almost all children begin to speak. At this age, the child can already
master all the sounds of the language, exceptsound p and hissing. The speech of the child for 3 years looks still insensitive and incomprehensible stranger people because
that Kroch has not yet mastered his speech apparatus. If the kid does not pronounce or says some sounds, do not worry -
at this age, this is normal, and he doesn't need a speech therapist. But it is already worth going for a consultation to a dentist who will check whether the child has a short bridle or improper bite, these defects can significantly affect the pronunciation of sounds and in the future.
In 3 years, the child should be able to:
Speak suggestions
Proponate correctly
Use adjectives
Dimensions, color and others
properties of objects (large,
cold, beautiful, white, etc.)
Use in speech adverbs (warm
Quickly, tasty, bitter, etc.)
If the child is lagging behind 1-2 points -
Impedantly deal with development
His speech. If the backlog
observed in everything, then go to a specialist.
- Remember: the rich, clean and correct speech of the child will develop only due to communicating with adults.
It is important that you show the maximum of patience to explain the new names of items, events, unusual phenomenain affordable kids words.
Do not hover words. Some mothers are difficult to stay from "Sysyukanya", it does not help the development of the child's speech, rather, on the contrary. Let the kid call for his grandmother "Bubaska", and the cat "Kike", but he must hear the correct pronunciation from his parents, otherwise he will have a frequency version and subsequently will have to be returned.
Reading books has always served as a source for the development of spiritual and rich personality.Reading Not only develops imagination, but also contributes to the expansion of the vocabulary and consolidate the words in the memory of the words already known. Discuss with the child viewed cartoons, read fairy tales, household situations. Such communication will teach crumb to think to think correctly, proper phrases.
Develop a small child
motoric hands. The fact is that in
brain centers responding
for speech and coordination of fingers,
located nearby.
- Play in "Finger" games,
- learn to fasten the buttons, tie a story,
- collect pebbles
- draw in the air, on the palm or sand,
- let me sort out the baby peas,
- pinch clothespins
- wash the threads, etc.
In order to correctly pronounce soundsneed to develop the muscles of the oral cavity,to do this, use the gym and language gymnastics in the game. Learn the crumb blow, to spit, rinse your mouth and throat, lick - these are not just skills that do not go into everyday life, but the development of muscles of the mouth. The fulfillment of a simple complex of articulation gymnastics 2-3 times a week will allow you to easily assimilate all sounds of speech. Exercises can be performed
Together with your favorite toys, you can
Attract other family members
By giving the role of teacher to the baby.
Teach the child when communicating
Watch straight on the speaker
Then he admirates
Articulation of adults.
Window Widespread mouth
Yawns thick hippopotamus.
And Merry Martyushka,
Lips compressed
Reads book.
- wide open mouth - "hot"
- close the mouth - "Cold"
Men dough We are a furnace, a stuffing pancake
And for son and daughter.
- smile
- press the tongue between the lips - "P'-P'-P'-P'-PI"
- bite the tip of the tongue to teeth (alternate these two movements)
On the bottom sponge tongue Rake like a rug
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Ah, what a pleasure There is a cherry jam!
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Pussy Murka backs out, Pickles shrik and yawns.
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Horse On horse rods Anya and earrings will jump.
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Slonik drinks We make a shoes, Duffoch-climb.
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Swing On the swing we swore And smiled each other!
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At an early age, children know the world. Many things, phenomena, words are the first to children. The task of parents to follow the assimilation of new information, to answer questions accurately, concise.
The speech of the child in three years is understandable for adults, children make up simple suggestions, most sounds are pronounced. In the fourth year, the question is enriched with pronouns, adjectives, the child can describe the properties of objects. This period is fundamental, so it is important to eliminate the difficulties in pronunciation.
Toddler vocabulary to share for active and passive words. Up to two years, the passive vocabulary is active, because the baby understands a greater number of words than it is capable of pronounce.
At this stage of the development of speech, children proclaim ordinary words: "Mom", "Dad", and also rapidly developing sound resistance: "meow" (cat), "Mu-y" (cow), "AV-AB" (dog).
The generalization is pronounced brightly, the child combines objects or actions in one group, so the words denoting food, dishes or meals are denoted by one word "Nam-Yam".
The speech of the child for 3 years forms the following skills:
- The ability to build suggestions from five to six words, with less than at an early age, the number of errors;
- Selling words correctly by attacking;
- The child retells fairy tales, consistently describes the past day;
- Uses in speech pronouns, numeral, adjectives;
- Using verbs with consoles: "arrived", "went", "left."
The vocabulary of children in three years reaches 1000 words. Some hissing and sonorous sounds are still difficult in pronunciation, and solid are sometimes replaced by soft. In addition, the kids invent new words formed from several well-known.
Signs of deviation in the development of speech in children 3 years
- The speech of the baby looks like a stupid, difficult in understanding, fast, or too slow, expressions are monosyllars;
- Small active vocabulary. The child is not able to call daily objects, phenomena;
- Small passive vocabulary. Simple questions cause difficulties, the baby does not understand what is required of it, the new information is difficult to absorb;
- The absence of endings in words, inability to hide the verbs, to inclination nouns;
- Difficulties in drawing up simple proposals;
- Not developed sound test.
Possible causes of speech development delay at a three-year-old are divided into physiological and social. Physiological reasons include health problems, such as hearing impairment, improper bite, consequences of head injuries, complications during pregnancy at the mother, as well as retreats of mental development and heredity.
Social prerequisites for a delay in the development of speech, closely related to communication in the family. The disadvantage of attention to children or excess, expressed in unnecessary "surging", distinguishing words, prevent the development of communicative skills. In addition to the family environment, the child's speech is affected by educators in kindergartens and friends.
Diagnosis and correction of speech defects
If you are in doubt, it is normally developing in the baby, ask the teacher about his successes, independently examine the behavior in the society of the peers, visit the doctor. Finding deviations from the rules, act calmly, but immediately. Such specialists like Surdologists, psychologists, speech therapists, pediatricians will conduct surveys and will recommend recommendations to combat development delays. At home, develop speech skills will help:
1 games focused on fine motility hands. It is easier for a child to remember the words found in games, because he can feel the items, it is understood that the cube is not only small red, but also greater green, as well as drawn, solid or soft. In playing time, pronounce with the baby all actions, call items, their properties, ask to do the same.
2 Reading and memorizing poems and fairy tales. Expressive reading Fairy tales helps children imbued with fate of heroes, understand the essence of the work. After reading the story, ask the child to retell it, find out what the child has learned for himself and what hero he liked. Examination of poems, trains a child in the pronunciation of sounds, and also develops thinking and memory.
3 cartoons, children's programs. Use cartoons and telecasts for children to develop memory and thinking. The child will have new topics for discussions with friends, educators.
4 Useful walks. Walking with the tea, ask to call the found objects, their properties, shape and components: a large, orange, rectangular store with a door and two windows. Answer questions asked, pay attention to new items. After the walk, ask what the baby liked that there is no and why.
5 "Charging" for language and respiratory gymnastics. If a child has problems with the pronunciation of sounds, the exercises for the language and respiratory gymnastics helps them to overcome them. Ask a doctor of the speech therapist to make a set of exercises to your problem, independently find the exercise and show them to the baby.
If domestic sessions are missing, sign up for developing courses for children, but do not forget to continue the exercises at home.
Speech of the child in four years
In four years, the vocabulary of the guys increases two to two and a half times. The child enthusiastically plays the moving games, retells the poem, correctly utters all the sounds, asks questions on various topics, learning to read.
Children at this age make up grammatically correct complex and complex proposals. The kid separates himself from adults and forms his own picture of the world. He likes to tell parents about the past day, about achievements and discoveries. This is the rate of development of a four-year child.
The delay in development in a four-year accompanied by such factors:
- The child does not speak at all, occasionally pronounces the words "Mom" or "Dad";
- In speech there are no solid (f, sh, h) or soft (th, h, u) consonants;
- Difficulties cause the preparation of proposals from 2-3 words;
- Choo speaks only by famous phrases from fairy tales or cartoons.
Correction of speech defects of children in four years
If the reason for the lag in the development of the physiological and child is diagnosed, treatment trust the doctors. Independent attempts to cure pathologies can lead to the consequences of threatening health. In cases that do not require drug or operating measures, under the program doctors, train with the child at home. The impetus in the development of speech gives such classes:
And singing, drawing, crafts. The resulting types of training of the right speech are closely related to creativity. Drawing and needlework increases the level of development of small motility, it is taught to focus, provide learning and repetition of adjectives, verbs, adverbs and communities: blue, painted, neatly, pissed. Singing is developing the muscles of the face, soothes, helps to focus, so it is better to start classes from the socks of children's songs.
B performance games. In the process of the game, children easily remember the rules, names of objects. You can offer you to play the classics, they will teach it to count and correctly pronounce numerals.
In count, riddles, poems. Rhymed phrases, rhythmic constructed offers and riddles easily digest and memorized for a long time. After all, everyone remembers acrosth, who helped to learn the colors of the rainbow: each - red, the hunter - orange, wishes - yellow, know - green, where - blue, sits - blue, pheasant - purple.
G, breathing exercises. In addition to the classes offered by doctors, do not forget about the entertainment side of the process. Develop airways You can blow on soap bubbles or playing on the harmonica.
D useful literature. Ushakov Oksana Semenovna, Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, author of several hundred work on the development of speech in preschool children, made a great contribution to the technology of development of speech. Methods O.S. Ushakova is consistent, easy to perceive children and is designed for age from three to seven years.
Speech children aged five years
The level of development of speech at five years allows the baby to speak fluently in his native language. Be able to incline nouns and hide the verbs. Forming proposals enriching them with all parts of speech. Completely express stresses in words, and determine the end. Word stock increases, the quality of pronunciation is improved.
The child can manage the emotional color words, change the volume and tempo of speech. He picks synonyms and antonyms to the proposed words, can count. Thinking and fantasy develops, children compose stories by pictures specified by the plots. During this period, the successes and failures of the crumbs need to be monitored, not eliminated at an early age of delays in development will affect future abilities to communicate.
At a five-year age, the absence of a connected speech, full silence, a small margin of words, are deviations that require surveys from specialists. After the diagnosis and the start of treatment, the baby needs help and support the parents, so it is important to continue at home:
- Development of small motility. As noted, games developing small motility hands have a beneficial effect on the development of speech. Put in front of the child different tasks to understand what it pulls it more: Suggest the decoration of the beads, build together an interesting toy together from the designer, fold the mosaic. Stripping from the results, highlight your favorite childhood and pronounce your actions, ask to describe items and properties, propose to create something yourself and describe it;
- Massage. Therapeutic, soothing muscles, stimulating blood circulation properties of massage will help in recovery;
- Alternative therapy. Communication establishes in relations of children with animals, stimulates emotional, social, speech development;
- Educational benefits. Whatever the degree of delay of speech progress, classes with experts will not replace live communications with the family. Already mentioned Ushakov Oksana Semenovna, created a versatile program to stimulate speech from preschoolers. Methodological materials offer impact on sections of children from three to seven years. Suggested by O.S. Ushakova games, poems, stories, classes, in a fascinating form, give a child the rules for building competent speech.
So that development proceeds evenly, do not impose uninteresting, boring or complex classes. Communicate with them with adults, praise for success, adjust the errors. Give your child space for creativity and rest. Watch for the interests of the baby, pick up the appropriate section where it will take friends and new skills. Ask about the last day, answer questions. So he will feel your love, care that he will push him to achievements, will teach thanks and responsibility.