True Bolshevik-Leninists in Hydepark. Who are the Bolsheviks and what did they stand for? The further fate of the factions

08.03.2020

Publication of the "Bulletin of the Opposition" on the Internet

The Iskra-Research Publishing House is proud to announce a new publication: on our website, the complete binder of the Bulletin of the Opposition, the organ of the Russian section of the Fourth International, published from 1929 to 1941 under the general editorship of Leon Trotsky, is ready.

During the years of the Thermidorian reaction against October revolution this modest journal was the voice of genuine Marxism, the voice of the international proletarian revolution. Articles about Soviet Russia illuminated the actual course of events within Soviet Union, exposed the lies and falsifications of the reactionary Stalinist bureaucracy, analyzed the degeneration of the first workers' state. The magazine also published articles analyzing developments throughout the world and providing answers to the most burning questions of the international labor movement: about fascism in Germany, about the Spanish revolution, about outbreaks of revolution in France and other European countries, which were extinguished thanks to the treacherous policy of the Comintern and the Stalinist bureaucracy.

The magazine gave an honest answer to the two main questions that always confront a revolutionary of any era: What is? And What to do?

When, after a number of years of gradual slide and degeneration of the regime, Stalin proceeded to physically destroy his Marxist opponents and all thinking witnesses to the Russian Revolution, the Bulletin of the Opposition launched a campaign to refute the slanderous Moscow Trials at the top of its voice. Articles by Leon Trotsky and his son and editor of the Bulletin, Lev Sedov, exposed the web of lies and chains of slander, refuted the false testimonies of the unfortunate victims of the Kremlin inquisition, explained the reasons and background of the Stalinist political genocide against the entire generation of October.

The well-known Marxist writer Victor Serge, who himself spent a number of years in Stalinist exiles and prisons, described the key significance of the Bulletin in his tragic novel Midnight of the Century. A non-partisan engineer on a business trip abroad in Paris in 1932 buys a copy of the Bulletin, reads and makes extracts. The extracts are so significant and profound that even after the engineer, out of a sense of self-preservation, destroys the original journal and his notebook with extracts, even after his arrest and imprisonment in one of the Gulag production sharashkas, this engineer tells another prisoner, a conscious oppositionist, about the contents of the article.

“Photographic memory helped Botkin restore almost verbatim what he had read furtively in the West; waiting in polar silence, the contents of his imaginary notebook imperceptibly completely migrated into Ivanov's consciousness. The communist secretly laughed for no apparent reason. It turns out that this is how ideas transcend borders!

“Ivanov spent a good half of his days in the glass-enclosed cabin of the statistical office making sure that on strips of thin paper one width, several postage stamps long, clearly traced with a drawing pen, letters that could only be deciphered with a magnifying glass, to compose messages: one - in Central Asia to the exiles of Semipalatinsk, another - to Western Siberia to the exiles of Kansk, the third - to the North, to Chernoye. “Dear comrades, the fate of the revolution is being decided hourly. We think for millions of dumb proletarians…” No one will ever know how these messages were sent, how the camp mail planes worked, what miracles of ingenuity delivered them to their destinations. In Semipalatinsk, a city among the sands of Semipalatinsk, they were received in hot days under the hot sun, the Kansk station on the Trans-Siberian was seized by blue frosts, in Chernoy it happened on a spring morning, scattering tender golden buds across the meadows ”(Midnight of the century, Chelyabinsk, 1991, p. 73).

This photo shows a special miniature edition of the Opposition Bulletin made by Lev Sedov for distribution in the Soviet Union.

The existence of the Opposition Bulletin in the 1930s meant that the true voice of the October Revolution had not been silenced. The magazine had a far-reaching significance to Russian-speaking readers abroad and underground in the Soviet Union. As James Cannon, the founder of American Trotskyism, often said, the Russian question was the cornerstone of human civilization in the 20th century, the question of how exactly socialism should be built. By its existence, the Bulletin of the Opposition proved that the answer to this main question is not in Pravda and in the countless other tribunes of international Stalinism, but in the modest but honest publications of the Fourth International.

Turn your thoughts at that time. Supporters of the International Left Opposition in America and Europe could say at workers' rallies in the 1930s that the interests of socialist construction in Soviet Russia did not at all require a "five-year plan in four years", forced collectivization and a starvation of the Ukrainian peasantry, that, on the contrary, real socialism needs to limit the police and bureaucratic privileges, and in the conscious participation of the working masses in the management of the economy. In 1932, supporters of the Opposition Bulletin in Germany could appeal to the proletarian masses on behalf of the experience of the Russian Revolution and call for a united front of socialists and communists against the fascist threat. In 1936 and 1937 the Bulletin fought against the disastrous policies of the Popular Fronts in Western Europe who stopped the development of the proletarian revolution and opened the way for fascism and the Second World War.

In 1938, Stalin's executioners killed the permanent editor of the Bulletin, Lev Sedov. The massive political genocide that wiped out Marxists and left-wing activists inside the Soviet Union severed the editorial's ties with underground readers inside the USSR. The Marxist audience inside the Soviet Union, with a few exceptions, was physically destroyed. In the West, the Stalinists practiced a total boycott of Trotskyist literature and ostracized their vacillating members and supporters who wished to read the magazine. All of this narrowed the Bulletin's reader base. The outbreak of the World War forced the editors to move to the United States, and distribution of the magazine became even more difficult. The assassination of Leon Trotsky on August 21, 1940 at the hands of a GPU agent sealed the fate of the magazine. The last issue was published in August 1941 under the heading "For the Defense of the USSR!"

Issuing a periodical of the Fourth International has become, perhaps, pointless in the conditions of war, blockades and devastation. During the war, the American Socialist Workers' Party attempted to distribute the documents of the Fourth International, in particular Trotsky's last address to Soviet workers on April 23, 1940. After the war, the Fourth International, after a short period of recovery and growth, suffered a major political blow. The worldwide post-war rise of capitalism caused a long-term crisis within the revolutionary movement. The Pabloite bias within the Trotskyist movement viewed the Stalinist movement as the only progressive force and called for the self-liquidation of the Fourth International. As these false Trotskyists tried to adapt to Stalinism, they sabotaged Trotskyist propaganda in countries where Stalinism ruled. The International Committee of the Fourth International tried to defend a strategic course of building a revolutionary leadership in the working class, but suffered from a lack of strength and constant splits.

Nevertheless, it seems to me that the International Committee of the Fourth International made a mistake by not trying to restore the publication of the most important analytical and program materials in Russian in the post-war period. Such popular books in the 1930s as The History of the Russian Revolution, The Permanent Revolution, and The Revolution Betrayed, the latter was the most important book Trotsky about the Soviet Union - were not republished in Russian and became a bibliographic rarity. This "silence" in the 1960s and 1970s fertilized the ideological ground for the reactionary anti-communist critique of Stalinism, and in the late 1980s opened the way for the destruction of the Soviet Union and the elimination of the social gains of 1917.

The situation has changed somewhat since the mid-1980s. Some collections of Trotsky's works were published in Russian in the West, then under Gorbachev, even in the USSR. But much of Trotsky's literary heritage continues to be unknown, and in some ways the situation has even worsened. Instead of honest publication major works Trotsky's media printed venomous libels in the spirit that Trotsky would be even worse than Stalin and inoculated the brains of readers by any means in order to prevent the spread of the ideas of real Marxism. We wrote in another connection about the scandalous situation connected with the absence and distortion of the most important works of Trotsky in the Russian market of ideas. (See the article in No. 7-8 of the Social Equality magazine, also published on the page of the Iskra-Research publishing house.) Not a scandal, except that most of Leon Trotsky's publications are supplied with poisonous editorial comments that blaspheme the author and footnotes that distort his ideas ? (See, for example, the books "Literature and Revolution", "History of the Russian Revolution", "My Life" in the Panorama edition, "On the History of the Russian Revolution", etc.).

Okay. As American President Abraham Lincoln said, "Until Truth rises from the bed, Krivda will go around the whole world." In the end, historical truth will prevail. It happened in 1865 when the North defeated the slave-owning South. This will also happen in our time, when the falsifications of Stalinist and bourgeois anti-communism about the bliss of the capitalist market and the delights of the “free world” are destroyed by the facts of the social catastrophe that has engulfed the countries of the former Soviet Union.

In the late 1980s, the ICFI began regular publication in Russian. Eight issues of the Bulletin of the Fourth International were published, then a group of supporters of the ICFI inside Russia began to publish the journals Worker-Internationalist and Social Equality.

Today, Trotsky's writings and ideas are becoming more and more widely disseminated both on paper and on the Internet. Various enthusiasts publish his works on paper and in the form of compact discs, and there are entire libraries of his works on the Internet. The International Socialist Web Site, organized by the International Committee of the Fourth International into a kind of daily world newspaper in a number of languages, including Russian, proves that Marxism is not only an ideology and theory, but also a program for the coming world socialist revolution.

Today's publication of the "Bulletin of the Opposition" will enable revolutionary youth to learn the experience of the struggle for genuine socialism in the twentieth century.

1. Assessment Methodology

Whatever one may say, but in changes everything starts from the Center. At the same time, in the Eurocentric coordinate system of consciousness, the center is the capital of "Greater Europe" Paris. And in the Chinese-centric coordinate system of consciousness, the center is the ancient capital of the "Middle Empire" the city of Chang'an (the meaning of the name: Infinite calmness). It is important that the Sino-centric model has a Celestial planetary scale, where the yellow man occupies the Navel of the Earth ( zhong), and the rest of the peoples make up the outskirts ( wai). Whereas Eurocentrism is the worldview of the white man, proclaiming the superiority of the civilization of Greece and Rome in the sciences, arts, religious dogmas, and role in world history.

It is especially important that both in the Eurocentric model (standing with your feet on the ground in Paris) and in the Sinocentric model (standing with your feet in the sky and looking down at the entire heavenly world from the Hall of Infinite Tranquility), the native Russia of forests and fields - Muscovy - and in the planetary and in the continental model of the world, it acts as the East in relation to the Center of the coordinate system of consciousness.

According to the cosmic foundations of the universal Law of Change, at the corresponding phases of different historical cycles with circular polarization: the West overcomes the East, the East overcomes the Center, and the Center overcomes the North. And for non-politics, looking from above, from the heavenly spheres, the history of the world is the sum of the waves of different periods .

So: on a planetary scale, the liberalism of the West defeated the real socialism of the East, the Westernizers defeated the Slavophiles, Byzantium defeated Holy Russia, exact science enlightened Europe (the mind of Japheth) was overcome by the contemplation of the being of Asia (the heart of Shem). But in the Eurocentric model of the world, East - Asian Russia - in domestic wars always repulsed invasions from the Center of Europe: Poles (Pozharsky), Swedes (Peter the Great), French (Kutuzov), Germans (Stalin).

And on a planetary scale of another cycle, the northern Russian principalities submitted to the Horde of Genghis Khan, who came from the Center of Asia. And now the New Liberal RF of democratic choice, identifying itself with the North ( polar bear on the emblem of the ruling party) under the pressure of Western sanctions is forced to bow to Middle State yellow people (China). And Middle China began to talk openly about "returning to the North." And all this, according to the Law of Changes in cycles, occurs in bundles of three forces. Where one active force overcomes two passive ones, but in the confrontation between two active forces, the whole bunch turns in favor of the third force, which occupies a passive position of arbiter over the fight. European political science is linear and dialectical. But she also recognizes the division of the political field into three forces: right, left and centrists. Nebopolitika, on the other hand, knits bundles of three forces in circular polarization, summing up its assessments under the Law of Changes.

2. The alignment of the three forces of current Russian politics

Force is what moves, has a point of application and a vector. And the direction of movement leads to the image of the result of the application of force. In the very general view, the current Russian policy in the Eurocentric picture of the world is characterized by such images of the result of the application of force as:

Russia's entry into the Common European House or Great Europe .

Russia's entry into the Eurasian Union or Great Eurasia .

The revival of national dignity or Great Russia .

Project Great Europe driven by the Liberal Democrats. In the model of Eurocentrism, this political force occupies the Center of the coordinate system of consciousness. If we characterize the source of liberalism, then it is easily found in the legacy of the Hebrew sect of the Pharisees. These are rationalists - jurists (the triumph of written law), individualists (freedom of the individual), formalists and hypocrites; and in feelings it is a reliance on the present, love, including same-sex marriages. In political economy, they are interest-bearers.

Project Great Eurasia the Eurasianists are the new Scythians who, in the Eurocentric model, take the side of the Asian East. The source of Eurasianism is in the spiritual heritage of the Hebrew sect of the Essenes - "Chaldean wisdom". This is materialism, internationalism, collectivism; in feelings, a bet on capturing the future, hope. In political economy, they are money changers.

rebirth Great Russia Russian nationalists are moving, identifying themselves with the civilization of the North (Hyperborea - “beyond the north wind - Borea”, Varangians - “Nordic character”, “Black Hundred”). And the spiritual origins lie in the heritage of the Sadducees. This is the unity of will and power, hierarchy, imperialism, conservatism, aristocracy; in feelings, it is a reliance on a glorious past and firm faith. In political economy, they are appraisers (who know the value of things based on the material and non-material aspects of wealth).

In conjunction with these three forces, the liberal democrats (Center) overcome the Russian nationalists (North), driving the sovereigns into the position of the biblical “Gog from the north” and exposing them to defeat in the Battle of the End from the heirs of the Caliphate (the South overcomes the North). However, with the turn of the cycle of change, the Eurasians (East) will certainly overcome the liberals (Center) in the foreseeable future.

Who are these Eurasians from the East? How do they look in modern history? What symbols connect their ideals with the hearts of the broad masses? The answer of the non-politicians is:

The name of this power of the East: "Bolshevik-Leninists" . Leninists mean not Trotskyists (Pharisees) and not Stalinists (Sadducees). When a prominent party leader of the CPSU (b), Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich, before his death dictated his memoirs for posterity, he asked to be called a "Bolshevik-Leninist." And if from the position of non-politics we consider the issue of power in the trinity division: “We ourselves, our enemies and our allies”, then for sloths: we ourselves are the ethnic core of Ashkenazi Jews (migrants to Khazaria, the countries of Eastern Europe and Germany) with the money of the Rothschild banking group and reliance on the populism of the masses. The enemies will be the Liberal Democrats, the Rockefeller banking group, and the entire global oligarchy that holds the power of the US petrodollar. And the allies will be the Stalinists, National Socialists and Zionists, with the money of the banking houses of Barukhov and the Medici and reliance on a strong state power.

It was the Bolshevik-Leninists who built the Lenin Mausoleum on Red Square in the form of a ziggurat (Chaldean power reactor) with a bell (concave angle) to create resonance in the beating hearts of the leaders and the people. It was they who, despite perestroika and the liberal counter-revolution in Russia, preserved the name of Lenin in the names of avenues and streets, and the image of Lenin in countless monuments in cities and towns, railway stations, piers and village clubs New Russia. It is they who carry the "blood-washed banner" forward to the victory of the Testaments of Lenin: the ideas set forth for posterity in a political testament - the last articles and notes of the founder of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet state. In the very last part of the testament - “Better less is better” (March 1923), Lenin showed the horizon for the construction of Great Eurasia: “The outcome of the struggle (for the liberation of labor from the oppression of capital) depends, in the final analysis, on the fact that Russia, India, China etc. constitute the vast majority of the population. Namely, it is this majority of the population that is drawn with extraordinary speed into last years in the fight for their liberation.

The Bolshevik-Leninists of our day firmly adhere to the course of breaking up the industrial society of expanded reproduction of capital, the unrestrained increase in the consumption of material goods and the debt economy of interest on credit. And they are pursuing a flexible political line of overcoming the West (changing the global leader) by creating a natural value economy circuit separate from the USD based on the combined power of China; pushing for metallic gold as an accounting unit of wealth (starting with the gold dinar of the Islamic State); deployment of half a dozen currency zones (including ruble); and conjugation of the New Silk Road with the Eurasian Union.

Kaganovich L.M.

Bolsheviks. Poster 1932

The metro bore the name of Kaganovich for 20 years

3. Russia, India, China and other BRICS countries

Ideas are expressed in the form of words. There are no letters in Chinese writing. Therefore the name international organization composed of the first letters of the names of the countries included in it on Chinese written in two characters. The meaning of these hieroglyphs is "gold ingot" ( jin zhuang). The Bolshevik-Leninists know for sure that "politics is the concentrated expression of economics." Here is the name of the organization "gold bar" expresses in a concentrated way the political force that sets in motion the processes within and around this organization. After all, banking metal gold is controlled by the Rothschild group of the Financial International. So, distinguishing the meanings of the names, we can confidently believe that the BRICS is a political instrument of the Bolshevik-Lenites in the Great Game, which is called the World Financial Crisis.

BUT big game already in the planetary celestial picture of the world, the Bolshevik-Leninists are playing a “bridge” (bridge to the future) according to the model of a card game, where there are three players every time (the fourth one is “ blockhead"- plays along with the player who ordered the game). And this is not the binary "Grand Chessboard" scheme of the US Liberal Democrats, where "whites start and win" by seizing the initiative. IN card game you can be a winner, being in a liability.

06/29/2014 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), having proclaimed the "World Caliphate", ordered a game in the current horse of world politics. Pope Francis bitterly called this con of the Great Game "Third World War". There are four players in the game: ISIS and playing along with him Bolshevik-Leninists, who quietly took the passive position of the "dumbass". The second pair, with the task of thwarting the plans of the "World Caliphate" are, playing each for themselves, the world liberal democracy(Masons-Pharisees with an American-style globalization project) and Levites and Kohanim from the "house of Jacob" (carriers of the three thousand-year Plan of Solomon with the project of the Eternal Kingdom of Israel). The game in this horse is played on the trump cards of spiritual values (worms). ISIS collected the first bribes on the senior trump cards of Sharia norms - traditional morality - beating the values of same-sex love and other civil liberties, opening the doors of progress to the abyss of transhumanism.

The Bolshevik-Leninists, under the cover of ISIS activity, took their bribes on the strong cards of the Rothschilds (economics and finance are clubs): they launched a new unit of value on the market - the gold dinar, established the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and pushed the liberal democracy of Greece to default.

Liberal Russia of democratic choice, girded with a nuclear "shahid belt", plays cards of strength (tambourines). Took a modest bribe - Crimea. And saber-rattling (conducting readiness checks) shows the rest that the liberals of all countries, led by the US Democrats, have a long suit on tambourines.

The Levites, playing on strong “blood and soil” cards (spades), raised a wave of nationalism, took their bribe in Ukraine, and are now provoking Russia’s democratic choice to actively play against ISIS in the next run of the “hybrid war”.

4. Concepts and contraceptives

The word "conception" in the original sense means "conception". "Immaculate Conception" in Latin is " Immaculata conceptio». And contraceptives, respectively, are "contraceptives"

In the "Book of the Way and Grace" (Tao Te Ching), the sage Lao Tzu teaches: "Whoever knows, he is silent, whoever speaks, does not know." Philosophers interpret this teaching in the sense that truth is inexpressible. But such an interpretation of non-politicians would also be reasonable: “Everyone has his own truth. Therefore, it is useless to prove and impose something as the ultimate truth.” The appropriation of truth has always been the cause of religious wars. And only the recognition that everyone has their own truth, allows you to build the harmony of the world, as a harmonious proportionality of uneven parts, of which there are at least three or more. Concepts lie at the source of truth.

Thus, if the planner knows on what codes of being the conception of certain political projects took place, then according to the development models it is possible to anticipate what will grow out of what was originally in conception (the concept). And if the imagination of the result of the development of the concept does not please with the prospect, then spiritual contraceptives can be put into action. Skypoliticians have called this kind of development management work "incognito technology."

Bolsheviks and Mensheviks up to a certain point were considered members of the same party - the RSDLP. Officially, the former declared their independence shortly before the October Revolution.

But the actual split of the RSDLP began already 5 years after its formation.

What is RSDRP?

Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1898 united many supporters of socialism.

It was formed in Minsk at a meeting of previously disparate political circles. G. V. Plekhanov played an important role in its creation.

Participants of the disintegrated “Earth and Freedom”, “Black Repartition” entered here. Members of the RSDLP considered it their goal to defend the interests of the working people, democracy, and help the poorest sections of the population. The basis of the ideology of this party was Marxism, the fight against tsarism and bureaucracy.

At the beginning of its existence, it was a relatively unified organization, not divided into factions. However, controversy quickly emerged on many issues among the main leaders and their supporters. One of the most prominent representatives of the party were V. I. Lenin, G. V. Plekhanov, Yu. O. Martov, L. V. Trotsky, P. B. Axelrod. Many of them were members of the editorial board of the Iskra newspaper.

RSDLP: the formation of two currents

The collapse of the political association occurred in 1903, on Second Congress of Delegates. This event happened spontaneously and the reasons for it seemed small to some, up to disputes about several sentences in the documents.

In fact, the formation of factions was inevitable and long overdue because of the ambitions of some members of the RSDLP, primarily Lenin, and deep-seated contradictions in the current itself.

There were several issues on the agenda of the congress, such as powers of the Bund(Associations of Jewish Social Democrats), the composition of the editorial board of Iskra, the establishment of the Party Rules, the agrarian question, and others.

Sharp discussions unfolded on many aspects. The audience divided on the supporters of Lenin and those who supported Martov. The former were more resolutely inclined, propagated the revolution, the dictatorship of the proletariat, the distribution of land to the peasants, and strict discipline within the organization. The Martovites were more moderate.

At first, this resulted in lengthy discussions about the wording in the Charter, the attitude towards the Bund, towards the bourgeoisie. The congress lasted for several weeks, and the discussions were so heated that many moderate Social Democrats left it on principle.

Largely due to this, those who supported Lenin were in the majority and their proposals were accepted. Since then, Lenin called his like-minded people at the second congress of the RSDLP Bolsheviks, and the Martovites - Mensheviks.

The name "Bolsheviks" turned out to be successful, it stuck and began to be used in the official abbreviation of the faction. It was also beneficial from a propaganda point of view, as it created the illusion that the Leninists were always in the majority, although this often did not correspond to reality.

The name "Mensheviks" remained unofficial. Martov's supporters are still called themselves the RSDLP.

How are Bolsheviks different from Mensheviks?

The main difference is in the methods of achieving the goals. The Bolsheviks were more radical resorted to terror, considered revolution the only way the overthrow of the autocracy and the triumph of socialism. There were other differences:

There was a rigid organization in the Leninist faction. It accepted people who were ready for an active struggle, and not just propaganda. Lenin tried to exterminate political competitors.
The Bolsheviks sought to seize power, while the Mensheviks were cautious about this - an unsuccessful policy could compromise the party.
The Mensheviks tended to ally with the bourgeoisie and denied the transfer of all land to state ownership.
The Mensheviks advocated changes in society through reforms and not revolution. At the same time, their slogans were not as convincing and understandable to the general population as the Bolsheviks.
There were also differences between the two factions in their composition: most of the Martovites were skilled workers, petty bourgeois, students, and representatives of the intelligentsia. The Bolshevik wing included in many ways the poorest, revolutionary-minded people.

The further fate of the factions

After the Second Congress of the RSDLP, the political programs of the Leninists and the Martovites increasingly differed from each other. Both factions participated in the revolution of 1905 Moreover, this event rallied the Leninists more, and divided the Mensheviks into several more groups.

After the creation of the Duma, a small number of Mensheviks were part of it. But this faction's reputation was even more damaged. These people had little influence on decision-making, but the responsibility for their consequences fell on their shoulders.

The Bolsheviks completely separated from the RSDLP in 1917, before the October Revolution. After the coup, the RSDLP opposed them with harsh methods, so persecution began against its members, many of them, such as Martov, went abroad.

Since the mid-20s of the last century, the Menshevik Party has practically ceased to exist.

At one time, the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party), formed in 1989 at the Minsk Congress, suffered extremely unpleasant and numerous losses. Production perished, the crisis completely engulfed the organization, forcing society in 1903 at the Second Congress in Brussels to split into two opposite groups. Lenin and Martov did not agree with the views of the membership management, so they themselves became leaders of associations, which later served as the reason for the formation of abbreviations in the form of a small letter "b" and "m".

In contact with

The history of the Bolsheviks is still shrouded in some mysteries and secrets, but even today we have the opportunity to at least partially find out what happened during the collapse of the RSDLP.

What caused the contention?

It is impossible to know the exact cause of the events in history. The official version of the split of the RSDLP there was a disagreement between the two sides about the solution of important organizational issues that were put forward in the fight against the monarchical system of government and foundations. Both Lenin and Martov were in agreement that internal changes in Russia required a network of worldwide proletarian revolutions, especially in a well-established economy. developed countries. In this case, you can only count on a wave of uprisings both in your native state and in countries that are lower in social level.

Despite the fact that the goal of the two sides was the same, the disagreement lay in the method of obtaining the desired. Julius Osipovich Martov advocated ideas European countries, based on legal ways to obtain power and rule. While Vladimir Ilyich argued that only active actions and terror could influence the Russian state.

Differences between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks:

closed organization with strict discipline;
opposed democratic terms.

Differences of the Mensheviks:

guided by the experience of Western governments and supported the democratic foundations of society;
agrarian reforms.

In the end, Martov won the discussion, calling on everyone to an underground and quiet struggle, which served to split the organization. Lenin called his people Bolsheviks, and Yuli Osipovich made concessions, agreeing to the name "Mensheviks". Many believe that this was his mistake, since the word Bolsheviks caused people associations with something powerful and huge. While the Mensheviks were not taken seriously because of the consideration of something petty and hardly so impressive.

It is unlikely that in those years there were terms like "commercial brand", "marketing" and "advertising". But only the invented ingenious name of the group led to popularity in narrow circles and obtaining the status of a trusted organization. The talent of Vladimir Ilyich, of course, manifested itself in those very minutes when, with unpretentious and simple slogans, he was able to offer ordinary people obsolete since the French Revolution ideas of equality and brotherhood.

People were impressed by the big words propagated by the Bolsheviks, the symbolism that inspires strength and radicalism - a five-pointed star, a sickle and a hammer with a red color on the background, immediately fell in love with a large number of residents of the Russian state.

Where did the money for the activities of the Bolsheviks come from?

When the organization split into several groups, there was an urgent need to raise additional funds to support their revolution. And the methods of obtaining the necessary money also differed between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. The difference between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks in this regard was more radical and illegal actions.

If the Mensheviks came to a membership fee to the organization, then the Bolsheviks did not limit themselves only to the contribution of the participants, they did not disdain bank robberies. For example, in 1907, one of these operations brought the Bolsheviks more than two hundred and fifty thousand rubles, which greatly outraged the Mensheviks. Unfortunately, Lenin carried out a large number of such crimes on a regular basis.

But the revolution was not the only waste for the Bolshevik Party. Vladimir Ilyich was deeply convinced that only people who were completely passionate about their work could bring good results to the coup. This means that the composition of the Bolsheviks had to receive a guaranteed salary so that the workers could perform their duties all day long. Compensation in the form of cash incentives supporters of radical views were very fond of, therefore, in a short period of time, the size of the party increased markedly, and the activities of the wing markedly improved its quality.

In addition, there were significant costs printing of brochures and flyers, which the accomplices of the parties tried to distribute throughout the state in various cities at strikes and rallies. This also shows the characteristic difference between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, since their funding went to completely different needs.

The ideas of the two parties became so dissimilar and even contradictory that the followers of Martov decided not to take part in the party Third Congress of the RSDLP. It took place in 1905 in England. Despite the fact that some Mensheviks took part in the First Russian Revolution, Martov still did not support armed uprisings.

Ideas and principles of the Bolsheviks

It seemed that people with such radical and fundamentally different views from democratic and liberal views could not have principles. The first time one could notice ideological glimpses and human morality in Lenin before the start of the First World War. At that time, the party leader lived in Austria, and at the next meeting in Bern, he expressed his opinion about the brewing conflict.

Vladimir Ilyich is quite strongly opposed the war and all those who support it, because in this way they betrayed the proletariat. Therefore, Lenin was very surprised when it turned out that the majority of socialists supported military activities. The leader of the party tried to prevent a split between people and was very afraid of the Civil War.

Lenin used all his stubbornness and self-organization so as not to weaken the discipline in the party. Another difference can be considered that the Bolsheviks went to their goals by any means. Therefore, sometimes Lenin could deviate from his political or moral views for the good of his party. Similar schemes were often used by him to attract new people especially among the poorer stratum of citizens. Sweet words about the fact that after the revolution their life will improve, forced people to join the party.

At modern society Naturally, there is a lot of misunderstanding about who the Bolsheviks are. Someone presents them as deceivers who were ready to make any sacrifices in order to achieve their goals. Someone saw them as heroes who worked hard for the prosperity of the Russian state and the creation better conditions life for ordinary people. In any case, the first thing to remember is the organization that wanted to remove all the ruling persons and put new people in their places.

Under slogans, beautiful brochures and promises that offered ordinary people to completely change the conditions of their lives - their faith in their own strength was so great that they easily received support from citizens.

The Bolsheviks were an organization of communists. In addition, they received part of the funding from German sponsors who benefited from the withdrawal of Russia from the war. This significant amount helped the party develop in terms of advertising and PR.

It is worth understanding that in political science it is customary to call some organizations right or left. The left stands for social equality, it was to them that the Bolsheviks belonged.

Dispute at the Stockholm Congress

In Stockholm at 1906 was the congress of the RSDLP, where it was decided by the leaders of the two groups to try to find compromises in their judgments and go towards each other. It was clear that the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks had many tempting offers for each of the parties, and this cooperation was beneficial to everyone. At first it seemed that everything was going well, and soon they were even going to celebrate the mutual rapprochement of the two rival parties. However, one issue that was on the agenda created some disagreement among the leaders, and the debate began. The issue that forced Lenin and Martov to argue was the possibility of people joining the parties and their contribution to the work of the organization.

Vladimir Ilyich believed that only full-fledged labor and a person's devotion to the cause could produce noticeable and significant results, while the Mensheviks rejected this idea.
Martov was sure that one idea and consciousness was enough for a person to be a part of the party.

Outwardly, this question seems simple. Even without reaching an agreement, it is unlikely that it can do much harm. However, behind this wording one could see the hidden meaning of the opinion of each of the leaders of the party. Lenin wanted to get an organization with a clear structure and hierarchy. He insisted on strict discipline and outcasting which turned the party into a kind of army. Martov lowered everything to a mere intelligentsia. After the vote was taken, it was decided that Lenin's proposal would be put into effect. In history, this meant the victory of the Bolsheviks.

Gaining political power and initiative by the Mensheviks

The February Revolution made the state weak. While all organizations, political parties were moving away from the coup, the Mensheviks were able to quickly orient themselves and direct their energy in the right direction. Thus, after a short period of time, the Mensheviks became the most influential and visible in the state.

It is worth noting that the Bolshevik and Menshevik parties did not take part in this revolution, therefore the uprising was a surprise to them. Of course, both of them assumed such a result in their immediate plans, but when the situation happened, the leaders showed some confusion and incomprehension of what to do next. The Mensheviks were able to quickly cope with inaction, and 1917 was the time for them to register as a separate political force.

And although the Mensheviks experienced their best time Unfortunately, many of Martov's followers decided to go over to the Leninist side. The consignment lost its most prominent figures, being in the minority before the Bolsheviks.

In October 1917, the Bolsheviks staged a coup. The Mensheviks strongly condemned such actions, trying in every possible way to achieve their former control over the state, but everything was already useless. The Mensheviks clearly lost. And besides this, some of their organizations and institutions were dissolved on the orders of the new government.

When the political situation became more or less calm, the rest of the Mensheviks had to join the new government. When the Bolsheviks gained a foothold in government and began to more actively lead the main political places, the persecution and struggle against political migrants of the former anti-Leninist wing began. Since 1919 it has been accepted decision to liquidate all former Mensheviks by execution.

At modern man the word "Bolshevik" is not in vain associated with the bright symbols of the proletariat "Hammer and Sickle", since at one time they bribed a large number of ordinary people. It is now very difficult to answer the question of who the Bolsheviks are - heroes or swindlers. Everyone has their own point of view, and any opinion, whether supporting the policies of Lenin and the Bolsheviks or opposing the militant policies of communism, can be correct. It is worth remembering that this is all the history of the native state. Whether their actions are wrong or reckless, they still need to be known.

According to the cosmic foundations of the universal Law of Change, at the corresponding phases of different historical cycles with circular polarization: the West overcomes the East, the East overcomes the Center, and the Center overcomes the North. And for non-politics, looking from above, from the heavenly spheres, the history of the world is the sum of the waves of different periods .

So: on a planetary scale, the liberalism of the West overcame the real socialism of the East, the Westernizers overcame the Slavophiles, Byzantium overcame Holy Russia, the exact science of enlightened Europe (the mind of Japheth) overcame the contemplative existence of Asia (the heart of Shem). But in the Eurocentric model of the world, the East - Asian Russia - in domestic wars has always repelled invasions from the Center of Europe: the Poles (Pozharsky), the Swedes (Peter the Great), the French (Kutuzov), the Germans (Stalin).

And on a planetary scale of another cycle, the northern Russian principalities submitted to the Horde of Genghis Khan, who came from the Center of Asia. And now the New Liberal Russian Federation of democratic choice, identifying itself with the North (the polar bear on the emblem of the ruling party), under the pressure of Western sanctions, is forced to bow to the Middle State of the yellow people (China). And Middle China began to talk openly about "returning to the North." And all this, according to the Law of Changes in cycles, occurs in bundles of three forces. Where one active force overcomes two passive ones, but in the confrontation between two active forces, the whole bunch turns in favor of the third force, which occupies a passive position of arbiter over the fight. European political science is linear and dialectical. But she also recognizes the division of the political field into three forces: right, left and centrists. Nebopolitika, on the other hand, knits bundles of three forces in circular polarization, summing up its assessments under the Law of Changes.

The alignment of the three forces of current Russian politics

Force is what moves, has a point of application and a vector. And the direction of movement leads to the image of the result of the application of force. In the most general form, the current Russian policy in the European-centric world view is characterized by such images of the result of the application of force as:

Russia's entry into the Common European House or Great Europe .

Russia's entry into the Eurasian Union or Great Eurasia .

The revival of national dignity or Great Russia .

Who are these Eurasians from the East? How do they look in modern history? What symbols connect their ideals with the hearts of the broad masses? The answer of the non-politicians is:

The name of this power of the East: "Bolshevik-Leninists" . Leninists mean not Trotskyists (Pharisees) and not Stalinists (Sadducees). When a prominent party leader of the CPSU (b), Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich, before his death dictated his memoirs for posterity, he asked to be called a "Bolshevik-Leninist." And if, from the position of non-politics, we consider the issue of power in the trinity division: “We ourselves, our enemies and our allies”, then for sloths: we ourselves are the ethnic core of Ashkenazi Jews (migrants to Khazaria, the countries of Eastern Europe and Germany) with bank money Rothschild groups and reliance on the populism of the masses. The enemies will be the Liberal Democrats, the Rockefeller banking group, and the entire global oligarchy that holds the power of the US petrodollar. And the allies will be the Stalinists, National Socialists and Zionists, with the money of the banking houses of Barukhov and the Medici and reliance on a strong state power.

It was the Bolshevik-Leninists who built the Lenin Mausoleum on Red Square in the form of a ziggurat (Chaldean power reactor) with a bell (concave angle) to create resonance in the beating hearts of the leaders and the people. It was they who, despite perestroika and the liberal counter-revolution in Russia, preserved the name of Lenin in the names of avenues and streets, and the image of Lenin in countless monuments in towns and villages, railway stations, wharves and village clubs of New Russia. It is they who carry the "blood-washed banner" forward to the victory of the Testaments of Lenin: the ideas set forth for posterity in a political testament - the last articles and notes of the founder of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet state. In the very last part of the testament - “Better less is better” (March 1923), Lenin showed the horizon for the construction of Great Eurasia: “The outcome of the struggle (for the liberation of labor from the oppression of capital) depends, in the final analysis, on the fact that Russia, India, China etc. constitute the vast majority of the population. Namely, it is this majority of the population that has been drawn with extraordinary speed in recent years into the struggle for their liberation.

Kaganovich L.M. Bolsheviks. Poster 1932 The metro bore the name of Kaganovich for 20 years

Russia, India, China and other BRICS countries

Ideas are expressed in the form of words. There are no letters in Chinese writing. Therefore, the name of an international organization composed of the first letters of the names of its member countries in Chinese is written in two hieroglyphs. The meaning of these hieroglyphs is "gold ingot" ( jin zhuang). The Bolshevik-Leninists know for sure that "politics is the concentrated expression of economics." Here is the name of the organization "gold bar" expresses in a concentrated way the political force that sets in motion the processes within and around this organization. After all, banking metal gold is controlled by the Rothschild group of the Financial International. So, distinguishing the meanings of the names, we can confidently believe that the BRICS is a political instrument of the Bolshevik-Lenites in the Great Game, which is called the World Financial Crisis.

And the Bolshevik-Leninists are already playing the Great Game in the planetary celestial picture of the world according to the model of a card game in “bridge” (bridge to the future), where there are three players every time (the fourth one is “ blockhead"- plays along with the player who ordered the game). And this is not the binary "Grand Chessboard" scheme of the US Liberal Democrats, where "whites start and win" by seizing the initiative. In a card game, you can win while being in a liability.

06/29/2014 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), having proclaimed the "World Caliphate", ordered a game in the current horse of world politics. Pope Francis bitterly called this con of the Great Game "Third World War." There are four players in the game: ISIS and playing along with him Bolshevik-Leninists, who quietly took the passive position of the "dumbass". The second pair, with the task of thwarting the plans of the "World Caliphate" are, playing each for themselves, the world liberal democracy(Masons-Pharisees with an American-style globalization project) and Levites and Kohanim from the "house of Jacob" (carriers of the three thousand-year Plan of Solomon with the project of the Eternal Kingdom of Israel). The game in this horse is played on the trump cards of spiritual values (worms). ISIS collected the first bribes on the senior trump cards of Sharia norms - traditional morality - beating the values of same-sex love and other civil liberties, opening the doors of progress to the abyss of transhumanism.

Concepts and contraceptives

The word "conception" in the original sense means "conception". "Immaculate Conception" in Latin is " Immaculata conceptio». And contraceptives, respectively, are "contraceptives"