Post-war system of international treaties. Versailles-Washington System Briefly

Plan for studying a new topic

1. Goals of the victorious countries in the post-war peace settlement.

2. Paris Peace Conference and its decisions. 3. Washington Peace Conference and its decisions. 4. The fragility of the Versailles-Washington system. The main problem of the lesson: what basic principles underlay the new post-war international relations

and was there a lasting peace based on them?

Historical calendar - January 18, 1919- January 21, 1920

Paris Peace Conference - November 12, 1921- February 6, 1922

Washington Peace Conference OPTION I

. Work on issues.

Task 1. Questions to test knowledge of the material: 1. List the main requirements of the winning countries. 2. What post-war conferences resolved issues of peaceful settlement of international relations? 3. Which countries benefited the most from the decisions of these conferences, and which lost? 4. What issues of international relations have not been resolved? 5. What is the Versailles-Washington system?

Task 2. Determine which countries meet the goal of a peaceful settlement after the war: 1. Division of Germany into several weak states. 2. Return of Alsace and Lorraine. 3. Control over the industrial region of the Rhine. 4. German colonies in Africa and Turkish possessions in the Mediterranean. 5. Building a system of new international relations and the role of the “moral leader” of the world. 6. Preservation of a united Germany. 7. Division of possessions

Ottoman Empire

. 8. Seizure of German possessions outside Europe.

Countries: 1. Great Britain. 2. France. 3. USA. Task 3. Determine which conference solved the listed problems: 1. Territorial changes in Europe and the colonies. 2. The balance of forces on Far East. 3. The new position of Germany in the post-war world. 4. Creation of an international organization - the League of Nations. 5. Ratio

naval forces

leading Pacific powers. 6. Return of prisoners of war and punishment of war criminals. 7. Solution of the Russian problem.

1. Explain what contradictions existed between the victorious countries.

Could they have been resolved under those historical conditions?

2. Formulate the goals of creating the League of Nations and try to imagine under what conditions the activities of this organization could be productive. 3. Is it right to say that with the creation of the League of Nations, international relations moved to a new level? 4. What was the “Russian question” at the conferences and why was it not resolved?

5. Was the Versailles-Washington system durable?

Justify your opinion.

Task 5. Continue the historical statement:

As a result of the Paris and Washington conferences, a new balance of forces was established in the world, which could lead to...

Germany, having lost some of its possessions and being forced to pay huge indemnities, could... The Versailles-Washington system could not resolve all controversial issues of international relations, because... An attempt to organize a conference in the Princes' Islands can be regarded as...

Task 6. Analysis of historical statements:

British Prime Minister David Lloyd George spoke out about the mandate system, under which former

colonial possessions

were transferred to the guardianship of the advanced victorious countries: “Mandates are simply a disguise for annexations.”

Is it possible to agree with such a frank statement? How could you confirm or refute this statement?

Task 7. Working with the map:

Use the map “The World after the First World War” to trace territorial changes based on conference decisions. Explain which countries they suited and why. Which countries were dissatisfied? Task 8. Working with the document: Read the extract from the Treaty of Versailles and answer the questions. What points in this document could cause future international conflicts? For what reasons were these moments allowed?

Task 9. Creative tasks: 1. Make a speech on behalf of a representative of any of the leading victorious countries justifying the principles of post-war international relations. 2. Compose an appeal on behalf of the League of Nations to the peoples of the world explaining the goals of this organization. 3. Compose memories of conferences on behalf of one of the participants (student’s choice) with usage and explanation

historical concepts: annexation, indemnity, demilitarization, mandate system, reparations. and each group receives from the teacher a hat of a certain color: yellow, black, white, red and blue (the teacher can give the groups a colored picture of the hats, explaining the meaning of each color and the group's work with it).

The yellow hat is the optimist's hat.

The group receiving the yellow hat must find all the positive points in the topic covered. It is necessary to list all the issues of world politics that were resolved at conferences after the end of the First World War, to find successes in solving their problems for each country (where they exist).

The black hat is the pessimist's hat.

The group that received the black hat must find all the issues that were not resolved at the post-war conferences, highlight all the failures in international relations for each country, and show the injustice of the conference decisions.

The white hat is the hat of the objective observer.

The group that received the white hat must find and list only specific facts on the topic without judgment (what conferences took place, their results).

The red hat is the hat of the emotional participant.

The group that received the red hat must explain what emotions and feelings the countries participating in the conferences experienced and why, who was satisfied with the new system of international relations and who was not.

The blue hat is the philosopher's hat.

The group that received the blue hat must prepare arguments on the following questions: how strong was the created Versailles-Washington system of international relations and whether it is legitimate to talk about strong international relations in general, whether the countries participating in the First World War learned any lessons from it, judging by the decisions post-war international conferences?

After group discussion (20 minutes), each group presents its message. Students of other groups have the right to add, ask questions, and argue with the statements made after the message. The teacher regulates the discussion of the performance of each group and summarizes it.

Homework. § 8.

Lesson development for 11th grade

Post-war system of international treaties

Zaitseva Victoria Anatolevna,
history teacher MBOU
"Black Sea high school No. 2"

1. Organizing time
2. DZ survey:

1. What state and period are we talking about? He was elected before the adoption of the new constitution. He held the title of “chief of state.” Later he established a dictatorship and began reforms called the “sanation regime” (Polish state)
2. The Kingdom of SXS was part of ... (Yugoslavia)
3. Karl Seitz was elected president of which state? (Austria)
4. This state has changed 3 in less than 2 years government system: from People's Republic until establishment Soviet power and a return to the monarchy. (Hungary)
5. The government of which state was the Central Rada? (UNR)
6. The head of which state was Karl Mannerheim? (Finland)
7. From 1919 to 1933 this state was declared a republic. (Weimar Republic)

Slide 2

1. List the main requirements of the winning countries.

2. What post-war conferences resolved issues of peaceful settlement of international relations?

3. Which countries benefited the most from the decisions of these conferences, and which lost?

4. What issues of international relations have not been resolved?

5. What is the Versailles-Washington system?

Slide 3

Determine which countries meet the goal of a peace settlement after the war:

1. Division of Germany into several weak states.

2. Return of Alsace and Lorraine. 3. Control over the industrial region of the Rhine.

4. German colonies in Africa and Turkish possessions in the Mediterranean.

5. Building a system of new international relations and the role of the “moral leader” of the world.

6. Preservation of a united Germany.

7. Division of the possessions of the Ottoman Empire.

8. Seizure of German possessions outside Europe.

Slide 4

Determine which conference addressed the following problems:

1. Territorial changes in Europe and the colonies.

2. The balance of forces in the Far East.

3. The new position of Germany in the post-war world.

4. Creation international organization- League of Nations.

5. The balance of naval forces of the leading Pacific powers.

6. Return of prisoners of war and punishment of war criminals.

7. Solution of the Russian problem.

Slide 5

1. Explain what contradictions existed between the victorious countries. Could they have been resolved under those historical conditions?

2. Formulate the goals of creating the League of Nations and try to imagine under what conditions the activities of this organization could be productive.

3. Is it right to say that with the creation of the League of Nations, international relations moved to a new level?

4. What was the “Russian question” at the conferences and why was it not resolved?

5. Was the Versailles-Washington system durable? Justify your opinion.

Slide 6

Continue the historical statement:

As a result of the Paris and Washington conferences, a new balance of forces was established in the world, which could lead to...

Germany, having lost some of its possessions and being forced to pay huge indemnities, could...

The Versailles-Washington system could not resolve all controversial issues of international relations, because...

An attempt to organize a conference in the Princes' Islands can be regarded as...

Slide 7

British Prime Minister David Lloyd George spoke about the mandate system, under which former colonial possessions were transferred to the guardianship of advanced victorious countries: “Mandates are simply a disguise for annexations.”

Is it possible to agree with such a frank statement? How could you confirm or refute this statement?

Slide 8

View all slides

Sections: History and social studies

Lesson objectives:

• Reveal the contradictions that arose during the preparation and signing of the Treaty of Versailles;
• Show the inconsistency of the Versailles-Washington system, the seeds of which conflicts in international relations were hidden in the system post-war treaties;
• Continue to work on creating a positive and critical thinking, the ability to find a way out of the current situation, to find solutions for stability in society.
• Continue to develop the ability to work with a historical map, historical documents, and make an analysis of historical events and conclusions.

Main problems:

1. Objectives of the conference. Contradictions between conference participants. Did this complicate the environment in which the conference took place?

2. What were the basic principles underlying the new post-war international relations, and how durable was the Versailles-Washington system created?

3. Did the countries participating in the First World War learn lessons from it, judging by the decisions of the post-war international treaties?

Historical calendar (see Appendix)

November 12, 1921 - February 6, 1922 - Washington Peace Conference; “Treaty of the Four Powers”; “Treaty of the Five Powers”; "Treaty of Nine Powers".

Questions

Exercise 1

Determine, using documents, which countries meet the goal of a peace settlement after the war:

1. Division of Germany into several states.
2. Return of Alsace and Lorraine.
3. Control of the industrial region of the Rhine.
4. German colonies in Africa and Turkish possessions in the Mediterranean.
5. Building a system of new international relations and the role of the “moral leader of the world.”
6. Preservation of a united Germany.
7. Division of the possessions of the Ottoman Empire.
8. Capture of German possessions outside Europe.

Task 2.

Determine, using documents, at which of the conferences the listed problems were solved:

1. Territorial changes in Europe and the colonies.
2. The balance of forces in the Far East.
3. The new position of Germany in the post-war world.
4. Creation of an international organization - the League of Nations.
5. The balance of naval forces of the Pacific powers.
6. Return of prisoners of war and punishment of war criminals.
7. The solution to the Russian problem.

Task 3.

Continue with historical statements:

1. As a result of the Paris and Washington conferences, a new balance of forces in the world was established that could lead...
2. Germany, which lost some of its possessions and was forced to pay huge indemnities. could...
3. The Versailles-Washington system could not resolve all controversial issues of international relations, because...
4. An attempt to organize a conference in the Princes' Islands can be regarded as...

Task 4.

1. Explain what contradictions existed between the victorious countries? Could they have been resolved under those historical conditions?
2. Is it right to say that with the creation of the League of Nations, international relations moved to a new level?
3. What was the “Russian question” at the conferences and why was it not resolved?

Task 5.

Analysis of historical statement:

1. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George spoke about the mandate system, under which former colonial possessions were transferred to the tutelage of the advanced victorious countries: “Mandates are simply a disguise for annexations.” Is it possible to agree with such a frank statement? How could you confirm or refute this statement?

2. T. Dreiser in his book “America is worth saving” writes: “And now long-suffering humanity receives a dummy in the form of the League of Nations, which declares war “outlawed.” It took a long time to work out the rules of this wonderful game of hide and seek, but even before they were worked out, new wars began to arise everywhere. From then until now there has hardly been a single day when there was not a war going on somewhere.” Is it so? Prove or disprove this statement.

Task 6.

Working with the map “The World after the First World War”.

Trace territorial changes as decided by conferences. Explain which countries they suited and why? Which countries were unhappy?

Finally, students express their views on the main issues.

Summing up the seminar lesson.

• 1. List the main requirements of the winning countries.

• 2. What post-war conferences resolved issues of peaceful settlement of international relations?

• 3. Which countries benefited the most from the decisions of these conferences, and which lost?

• 4. What issues of international relations have not been resolved?

• 5. What is the Versailles-Washington system?

Determine which countries meet the goal of a peace settlement after the war:

• 1. Division of Germany into several weak states.

• 2. Return of Alsace and Lorraine. 3. Control over the industrial region of the Rhine.

• 4. German colonies in Africa and Turkish possessions in the Mediterranean.

• 5. Building a system of new international relations and the role of the “moral leader” of the world.

• 6. Preservation of a united Germany.

• 7. Division of the possessions of the Ottoman Empire.

• 8. Seizure of German possessions outside Europe.

Determine which conference solved the listed problems :

• 1. Territorial changes in Europe and the colonies.

• 2. The balance of forces in the Far East.

• 3. The new position of Germany in the post-war world.

• 4. Creation of an international organization - the League of Nations.

• 5. The balance of naval forces of the leading Pacific powers.

• 6. Return of prisoners of war and punishment of war criminals.

• 7. Solution of the Russian problem.

• 1. Explain what contradictions existed between the victorious countries. Could they have been resolved under those historical conditions?

• 2. Formulate the goals of creating the League of Nations and try to imagine under what conditions the activities of this organization could be productive.

• 3. Is it right to say that with the creation of the League of Nations, international relations moved to a new level?

• 4. What was the “Russian question” at the conferences and why was it not resolved?

• 5. Was the Versailles-Washington system durable? Justify your opinion.

Continue the historical statement:

• As a result of the Paris and Washington conferences, a new balance of forces was established in the world, which could lead to...

• Germany, having lost some of its possessions and being forced to pay huge indemnities, could...

• The Versailles-Washington system could not resolve all controversial issues of international relations, because...

• An attempt to organize a conference in the Princes' Islands can be regarded as...

• British Prime Minister David Lloyd George spoke about the mandate system, under which former colonial possessions were transferred to the guardianship of advanced victorious countries: “Mandates are simply a disguise for annexations.”

• Is it possible to agree with such a frank statement? How could you confirm or refute this statement?