In the modern world they are large and even global. Without borders: why modern culture strives for borderlessness

11.05.2020

Poverty and misery of billions of people remains one of the global problems of humanity in the 21st century. In 1992, according to the decision General Assembly The UN established the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, which has been regularly celebrated on October 17 since 1993. This date was not chosen by chance. Five years before the decision of the UN General Assembly, on October 17, 1987, in Paris, on Trocadéro Square, a rally for human rights and the elimination of poverty was held, which attracted about 100 thousand people. Its participants linked human rights violations to modern world with millions of people still forced to live in poverty. First of all, this concerns the countries of the third and fourth world - the least developed in economically states

Despite the colossal scientific and technological progress that accompanied the world in the twentieth century, social inequality in the modern world is only growing. Moreover, social differentiation is worsening in all countries of the world, including developed countries. Speaking more in simple language, the poor are getting poorer and the rich are getting richer. Thus, according to research, by the beginning of 2016, the 62 richest people in the world had the same amount of assets as 3.6 billion people - representatives of the poorest half of the world's population. Over the past six years, since 2010, the wealth of the world's 3.6 billion poor has decreased by US$1 trillion. At the same time, the assets of the 62 richest inhabitants of the planet doubled and amounted to 1.76 trillion. US dollars. While multi-billionaires do not know where to invest their extra funds, billions of people on the planet live in poverty, hundreds of millions live in terrible poverty, on the brink of survival.

There is still a very acute situation in the world food problem. Hunger is not something from the distant past, but a terrible component of the present. A large amount of both scientific and journalistic literature has been written about the scale of hunger in the modern world, but the persistence of this problem forces politicians, public figures, sociologists and journalists to return to it again and again. Even in our time, people continue to die from hunger, including small children - in Africa, some countries of Asia and Latin America.

The total number of regularly undernourished people in the modern world is estimated at almost a billion people. According to a UN report, at least 852 million people suffer from hunger. In the modern world, more than 1.2 billion people, which is approximately a fifth of the total population of the planet, live on less than one US dollar a day. Malnutrition is to blame for 54% of child deaths in the modern world. Experts made these conclusions World Organization healthcare. The main reason for hunger is not only that in third and fourth world countries people do not receive enough money to eat normal level, but also in natural conditions that do not allow them to effectively engage in agriculture and provide themselves with food due to constant droughts and the encroachment of sand on the savannah. Numerous military-political conflicts also play an important role, contributing to the destruction of a normal economy, even an underdeveloped one.

Most of the undernourished and starving people are in Tropical Africa. This region is considered the epicenter of hunger in the modern world. Moreover, the number of hungry people in Africa has a pronounced tendency to increase, which is directly related to the increase in the birth rate. The world's highest birth rates are in Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a number of other African states. It is clear that all these countries belong not even to the third, but to the fourth world, into which researchers include the least economically developed and poorest states. The food problem is very serious in North-East Africa, especially in Somalia. Here, persistent droughts put millions of people on the brink of survival.

But it’s not just Africa that can be seen as a “hungry continent.” Millions of people are regularly malnourished and hungry in the countries of South and Southeast Asia - in Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan. It also experiences a very high birth rate coupled with increasing poverty and worsening social polarization. India itself, despite the fact that it is considered a regional power and a relatively economically developed country, is not able to solve the problem of hunger. The reasons for this are a very high population, a high level of unemployment, combined with the presence of hundreds of millions of people without education or any professional qualifications.

Somewhat less total undernourished people in Latin America. Here the “hunger belt” passes primarily through the Andean countries, primarily Bolivia and Peru, as well as through the “isthmus” countries, primarily Honduras, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. In the Caribbean, the "hunger island" is Haiti. As for European countries and North America, then the problem of hunger is less relevant for them compared to the rest of the world. Here, chronic malnutrition is characteristic only of representatives of certain social groups, “dropped out” of society - the homeless, street children. On post-Soviet space The problem of malnutrition is acute in the countries of Central Asia - in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. However, in Russia too, many citizens belonging to low-income segments of the population are chronically malnourished. In the least advantageous position are single disabled people and pensioners with low pensions, large families with low incomes of spouses, as well as citizens leading an antisocial lifestyle - homeless people, tramps, chronic alcoholics.

The problem of malnutrition is closely related to the problem of low incomes. In third and fourth world countries, most people, even having found work, are forced to subsist on very little money, incomparable to the salaries of even unskilled workers in developed countries. In developed countries, the concept of poverty in recent decades has increasingly been associated with the ability of citizens to realize access to a basic consumer basket, which includes not only food, but also, for example, medical services. In some countries Western Europe The lack of a bank account with savings is already becoming a criterion for poverty. On the other hand, in Russian Federation The poor are understood to be citizens with incomes at or below living wage, which, by the way, is established by the state. There are ongoing debates in society about how well the established living wage corresponds to the real consumer basket necessary for a Russian citizen to live a full life.

For modern Russia, low incomes of the population remain an acute problem. The first decade of the 21st century in the Russian Federation saw a gradual decline in the number of citizens of the country with incomes below the subsistence level. So, if in 2000 42.3 million people had incomes below the subsistence level, i.e. 29% of the population - in fact, every third Russian, then in 2012 we managed to reach the lowest figure - 15.4 million people, which at that time amounted to 10.7% of the country's population. However, then the number of low-income citizens began to grow again. Thus, in 2016, 21.4 million people, accounting for 14.6% of the population, were classified as citizens with incomes below the subsistence level. It should also be noted that the share of social payments provided by the state in the income of Russians is growing.

There is an acute housing problem in Russia. The vast majority of citizens cannot afford to purchase housing, including a mortgage. Thus, in 2012, even before currency inflation, 81% of the Russian population did not have sufficient funds to purchase housing with a mortgage. The housing problem is closely connected with a number of negative phenomena for the country. For example, it directly affects the birth rate in the country, since young families who do not have their own housing or have cramped living conditions often for this reason refuse to have a child for a time or completely. A significant part of the country's population, unable to purchase modern housing that meets the necessary requirements, is forced to live in dilapidated and dilapidated housing, putting their lives and health at risk. Even in some large cities there are streets and areas deprived of basic amenities, for example, gas and central sewerage, what can we say about rural areas and small populated areas. The service life of the so-called “Khrushchevkas”, built for the rapid resettlement of people from barracks. But so far it has not been possible to renew the housing stock to the required extent, especially since most citizens cannot afford to purchase new housing under construction.

The solution to the housing problem lies in the spectrum of reconsidering the role of the Russian state in the field of construction and distribution of housing. In the 1990s, the state virtually withdrew from housing construction, which led to the total commercialization of the housing market. The scale of construction and distribution of social housing cannot be called significant. In Russia, the system of non-commercial rental of residential premises is completely undeveloped, which could partially solve the housing problems not only of the poor, but also of prosperous citizens. The state could help solve the housing problem by regulating prices for economy-class housing, preventing speculative activity in this area. Finally, the state should also devote resources to creating a state (municipal) housing rental market, prices on which would allow low-income groups of the population to rent residential premises for a long time.

The high level of poverty in Russia is associated with colossal social polarization, which began to grow in the 1990s and has now reached such proportions that place Russia among the world leaders in social inequality of the population. Over the twenty-odd years of the existence of post-Soviet Russian statehood, social inequality in Russia has increased fourfold. According to the RAS report, published in 2013, edited by academicians S.Yu. Glazyeva, V.V. Ivanter and A.D. Nekipelov, the level of social stratification between the richest and poorest Russians has reached 16:1, while the critical value of stratification is 10:1 and even 8:1. However, solving the problem of poverty and social inequality is impossible without appropriate regulatory measures from the state.

Academicians S.Yu. Glazyev, A.D. Nekipelov and V.V. Ivanter in his report proposes the introduction of a progressive tax scale as one of the most important measures aimed against social stratification. Progressive taxation exists in many developed countries of the world and provides impressive revenues to the state budget, which finance, among other things, the social sphere. In their report, scientists note that it is possible to reduce the number of poor in Russia and reduce social inequality if the cost of living is raised to the level of the real cost of the basic consumer basket, which allows meeting human needs for food, clothing, medical care, etc.

Secondly, an increase in the minimum wage is proposed. In Russia, a unique situation has developed for developed countries, where working citizens, including specialists with higher education, can be below the poverty line. It turns out that a citizen who works honestly and fulfills his professional duties, which often require higher education and high qualifications, is unable to ensure even the realization of his basic needs at the expense of his wages. The working poor in Russia still include many workers in the fields of education, culture, healthcare, and housing and communal services. This is a paradoxical situation when a cultural, educational or healthcare worker with a higher education and impressive work experience in his specialty receives wages, which is below the subsistence level for working Russians.

Can the problem of poverty, poverty and inequality be eradicated in the modern world and in Russia in particular? As for the modern world as a whole, even hopes for the elimination of poverty and misery in the countries of the third and fourth world can be immediately dismissed. Economic underdevelopment natural conditions, high birth rates, political instability - all these factors minimize hopes of solving the problem of social inequality in African countries, many countries in Asia and Latin America.

In the same time, modern Russia has the necessary political, economic, cultural potential to actively solve problems of poverty and inequality. However, this requires an appropriate policy of the Russian state in the economy and in social sphere. A lot of things in the country's economic and social policies need to be revised. In the meantime, the economic problems experienced by the country do not allow not only to increase the volume of social assistance, but also to maintain them at the same level. In particular, in 2016 and 2017. will no longer be indexed maternal capital, which previously increased by 5.5% every year. But, at the same time, the state does not yet risk changing fiscal policy by introducing progressive taxation, diligently avoids raising the topic of revising the results of privatization, refuses to introduce luxury taxes, i.e., does not want to infringe on the interests of the richest Russians to the detriment of the interests of the millions of people living on the verge and below the poverty line.

Problems that concern not any particular continent or state, but the entire planet, are called global. As civilization develops, it accumulates more and more of them. Today there are eight main problems. Let's consider the global problems of humanity and ways to solve them.

Ecological problem

Today it is considered the main one. For a long time, people have used the resources given to them by nature irrationally, polluted the environment around them, and poisoned the Earth with a variety of waste - from solid to radioactive. The result was not long in coming - according to most competent researchers, ecological problems in the next hundred years will lead to irreversible consequences for the planet, and therefore for humanity.

There are already countries where this issue has reached a very high level. high level, giving rise to the concept of an ecological crisis area. But a threat looms over the whole world: the ozone layer, which protects the planet from radiation, is being destroyed, the earth’s climate is changing - and humans are unable to control these changes.

Even the most developed country cannot solve the problem alone, so states unite to jointly solve important environmental problems. The main solution is considered to be reasonable use of natural resources and reorganization of everyday life and industrial production so that the ecosystem develops naturally.

Rice. 1. The threatening scale of the environmental problem.

Demographic problem

In the 20th century, when the world's population exceeded six billion, everyone had heard of it. However, in the 21st century the vector has shifted. In short, the essence of the problem now is this: there are fewer and fewer people. A competent policy of family planning and improving the living conditions of each individual will help solve this issue.

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Food problem

This problem is closely related to the demographic one and consists in the fact that more than half of humanity is experiencing acute food shortages. To solve it, we need to more rationally use available resources for food production. Experts see two development paths: intensive, when the biological productivity of existing fields and other lands increases, and extensive, when their number increases.

All global problems of humanity must be solved together, and this is no exception. The food problem arose due to the fact that most people live in unsuitable areas. Joining the efforts of scientists from different countries will significantly speed up the solution process.

Energy and raw materials problem

The uncontrolled use of raw materials has led to the depletion of mineral reserves that have been accumulating for hundreds of millions of years. Very soon, fuel and other resources may disappear altogether, so scientific and technological progress is being introduced at all stages of production.

The problem of peace and disarmament

Some scientists believe that in the very near future it may happen that there will be no need to look for possible ways to solve humanity’s global problems: people are producing such an amount of offensive weapons (including nuclear weapons) that at some point they can destroy themselves. To prevent this from happening, world treaties on arms reduction and demilitarization of economies are being developed.

Human health problem

Humanity continues to suffer from deadly diseases. The progress of science is great, but diseases that cannot be cured still exist. The only solution is to continue Scientific research in search of medicine.

The problem of using the World Ocean

The depletion of land resources has led to increased interest in the World Ocean - all countries that have access to it use it not only as a biological resource. Both the mining and chemical sectors are actively developing. Which gives rise to two problems at once: pollution and uneven development. But how are these issues resolved? Currently, they are being studied by scientists from all over the world, who are developing principles of rational ocean environmental management.

Rice. 2. Industrial station in the ocean.

The problem of space exploration

To explore outer space, it is important to join forces on a global scale. The latest research is the result of consolidation of work from many countries. This is precisely the basis for solving the problem.

Scientists have already developed a model of the first station for settlers on the Moon, and Elon Musk says that the day is not far off when people will go to explore Mars.

Rice. 3. Layout of the lunar base.

What have we learned?

Humanity has many global problems that can ultimately lead to its death. These problems can only be solved if efforts are consolidated - otherwise the efforts of one or several countries will be reduced to zero. Thus, civilizational development and the solution of problems of a universal scale are possible only if the survival of man as a species becomes higher than economic and state interests.

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Why in the modern world, where there is everything to satisfy needs, and even more, do people continue to feel unhappy? This issue is now being considered at the national level, and some countries, such as the UAE and Bhutan, have appointed ministers of happiness. In Europe and Russia they are seriously thinking about repeating this experience. Technologies are developing too quickly, life is accelerating, and we simply do not have time to adapt to everything. But there is always a way out.

We are in website We also decided to figure out what is stopping us from being happy and how to deal with it.

1. Lots of choice

Modern civilization has rewarded us with many benefits and freedom of choice. We tend to think that greater variety leads to greater satisfaction, but paradoxically, abundance limits our freedom of choice.

Sociologist Barry Schwartz, in his book The Paradox of Choice, writes that daily decision making has become increasingly complex due to the presence of a huge number of alternatives. Having to constantly choose can be draining of energy, taking up time and causing us to question every decision we make before it's even made. Ultimately, all this can lead to irritation, stress and even severe depression.

What to do?

Understand that most choice is an illusion. When you are racking your brain in a store over which of 10 chocolates to choose, 8 of them will most likely be made in the same factory.
Follow your habits. Instead of trying dozens of toothpastes, settle on one that suits you in terms of price, quality and properties.
Don't question it decisions made. Ask your loved ones for support to build your self-confidence.

2. Information overload

The Internet has given us access to almost any information, but the problem is that most of it is useless. Internet founder Tim Berners-Lee said in his open letter that lies are spreading on the World Wide Web. faster than the truth, because resources make money on clicks, and therefore are interested in bringing the most provocative and shocking (hence, fictitious or embellished) materials to the eyes of users. In addition, information garbage overloads our brain, which leads to fatigue and neurological disorders.

What to do?

Do not subscribe to sites that are similar to each other. Information on them may be duplicated, as a result you will waste time viewing repetitions or similar materials.
Do not leave your contact information anywhere: this way you will protect yourself from unnecessary spam. If they still call you, then ask to be removed from the database, citing the law on non-disclosure of personal data.

3. Gadgets

There is no point in explaining how much gadgets have simplified our lives. But they also added more problems to us - from banal deterioration of vision to serious addiction. In addition, scientists from the University of Texas at Austin believe that daily use of a smartphone impairs mental abilities and depresses the psyche. Today we can no longer imagine our life without a telephone and a computer. Instead of using them for their intended purpose, we hide in gadgets, in the world of the Internet and virtual reality. We replace the natural with the artificial and therefore feel unhappy.

What to do?

Try to use gadgets less often. Writer Daniel Seberg dedicated an entire book to this idea called “The Digital Diet,” where he shared exercises and rules that help you stop using gadgets out of inertia. For example, he advises declaring the bedroom a phone-free space and using a regular alarm clock.
Turn off audio messages: this way you will be less likely to be distracted and reduce the temptation to pick up your phone.
Keep order in e-mail, messages, on pages on social networks.

4. Fast pace of life

The speed of life only increases every year. In order to react quickly, we must constantly be on our toes and be effective. But, on the other hand, if you accelerate too much, you can end up in a ditch through a nervous breakdown, contract an illness, and earn professional burnout. Today, time is the most valuable currency. Therefore, we shorten words, meet only for business, and perceive multitasking as a work norm.

What to do?

Schedule 10-15 minutes a day to meditate or simply contemplate. You can look at the fish in the aquarium or at how the candle burns. This will help you slow down and clear your head.
Try to replace multitasking with step-by-step planning whenever possible. Scientists from Stanford University consider this option for organizing the day to be the most effective.

5. Consumer society

Concept of consumption for Lately has changed dramatically: we no longer fix things, but change them. Sociologist Erich Fromm was sure that many modern people do not live in the full sense of the word - they try to expand their world through the acquisition of things, and their life comes down to a race for possession. Even when a person receives an education, he wants to have a diploma, not knowledge and experience. He has no understanding of how he himself exists in this world and what the meaning of his life’s path is.

Fashion changes every season, new, more advanced things are released daily, updates and additions to them - hourly. In the pursuit of things, a person loses himself and the ability to adequately analyze his needs.

The word “creative” used to be synonymous with “disorganized.” Today we want to see a person creative and free-thinking; we admire when a non-standard approach is found to a task.

There are two methods for solving problems:

Analytical- you select solutions and then determine which one is correct.
Intuitive (insight method)- the solution comes to your mind ready-made.

It is difficult to go beyond the boundaries when trying to solve a problem analytically, but the insight method is perfect for this.

Scientists have checked Insight solutions are correct more often than analytical solutions both methods and found that the insight method gave more correct answers than analysis. Brain scan showed The Origins of Insight in Resting-State Brain Activity: in people, problem solvers thus, the anterior cingulate cortex is activated. This area monitors conflicts between brain regions and identifies opposing strategies. With its help, a person can see non-obvious ways to solve a problem and direct attention to them.

In addition, during epiphanies, people noted more distracted attention. It allows you to see the whole without focusing on the specific.

Distracted attention is typical for a person in a relaxed state and in high spirits. You're not completely focused on the task, but you're not with your head in the clouds either. Perhaps this is why most epiphanies come to people in, for example, in the bathroom. If you have such an insight, along with it will come the confidence that the decision is the right one. And, judging by scientific data, he should be trusted.

No matter what method you use to solve problems, you do it better than your not-so-distant ancestors.

We are smarter than people who lived 100 years ago

IQ test scores have been increasing since 1930 The Flynn Effect: A Meta-analysis by three points every decade. This trend is called the Flynn effect, named after the professor who discovered it, James Flynn.

There are several reasons for this pattern:

The quality of life has increased. The nutrition of pregnant women and infants has improved, and the number of children in the family has decreased. Now people invest in the development and education of their children until they graduate from university.
Education has improved.
The characteristics of work have changed. Mental work, as a rule, is valued and paid higher than physical work.
The cultural environment has changed. In the modern world, people receive much more incentives for brain development: books, the Internet, varied communication, not limited by place of residence.
People are used to questions from IQ tests. Since childhood, we have been able to solve such problems and use abstract thinking, so we do it better.

We are much luckier than our grandparents, but our children will not necessarily be smarter. Already now in developed European countries an anti-effect was discovered The negative Flynn Effect: A systematic literature review Flynn: after the 2000s, the growth of intelligence stopped and even began to decline.

Scientists suggest that the impact of the environment has not reached its peak: it simply cannot be better. People already eat well, have one or two children and study until they are 16–23 years old. They cannot have fewer children or study longer, so it is not surprising that intelligence has stopped growing.

We have become better at solving problems on paper, but does this affect real life? After all, a person is not a machine, and mistakes often occur from an incorrect assessment of information and the characteristics of our perception.

We lack critical thinking

People tend to make mistakes and see only one side of a problem. One example of this type of thinking is the availability heuristic, where a person judges the frequency and possibility of an event by the ease with which examples come to mind.

Using this method, we rely on our memory and do not take into account real statistics. For example, a person is afraid of dying from a terrorist attack or a tornado, but does not even think about a heart attack or. Simply because high-profile cases are shown more often on TV.

Such errors include the anchor effect Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases when people's decisions are influenced by arbitrary data obtained from environment. This effect is well demonstrated by an experiment by psychologist Daniel Kahneman. Subjects were asked to spin a wheel of fortune, on which the number 10 or 65 randomly fell out. After this, participants had to estimate the percentage of African countries in the UN. People who saw 10 on the wheel always named a lower number than those who saw 65, although they knew that this was completely unrelated.

People like this follow us everywhere. Learning to notice them is very important, especially in the modern world, where fake news and myths pour in from all sides.

To avoid becoming a victim of illusions, learn to question all information, choose reliable sources and evaluate your beliefs from time to time, even if they seem to be the only true ones.

Also for development critical thinking It is useful to communicate with a wide range of people. We are usually drawn to those who share our views. But to develop the habit of critical thinking, we need people we know who disagree with us. They will give us a lot to think about and perhaps force us to reconsider our beliefs.

Global problems modernity is considered from two different sides: human security and planetary security. That is why difficulties are increasingly arising in the harmonious existence of people on Earth without harm to the outside world. In order to realistically assess the criticality and need for urgent changes in life, we suggest reading an article that describes the problems of our time and possible solutions to them.

The main global problems of our time

Increasingly, news releases shock people with terrible statistics about violence, accidents, atmospheric emissions, depletion of the earth's resources and the approach of a global catastrophe. When in developed countries they work with robots artificial intelligence, some nationalities are disappearing from the face of the Earth due to lack of medical care and clean water.

People have destroyed the environment so much that in order to restore balance it is necessary to make a series of complex decisions that will have a massive impact. One person cannot change the whole world, but imagine if 7 billion people simultaneously want to help each other.

For such cases, there are many organizations that look at humanity's global problems and how you can contribute to solving them.

Let's look at the main problems:

Food security.

The number of hungry people in the world has increased significantly over the past few years. One in nine people in the world typically go hungry and, as a result, suffer from nutritional deficiencies. At first glance it may seem that the problem is a lack of processed food, but this opinion is wrong. People simply don't have enough money to buy healthy food.

Health care problem.

In addition to malnutrition, there are many other problems affecting human health on a global scale. In the past, the focus of scientists and health organizations has been on infectious diseases: hepatitis, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. Expanding access to clean water and improved sanitation education have reduced the spread of communicable diseases worldwide. However, this does not mean that efforts to improve sanitation should stop.

Currently, the global medical community is studying non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Infectious diseases currently kill 70% of people, and low-income countries are hit hardest. This problem is pronounced in Thailand, South Africa, Mexico and India.

The need for gender equality.

The next problem arose from historical conditions that placed social barriers to economic and personal freedom for women. Although much effort has been made to alleviate this problem, it has not been completely eradicated.

In many patriarchal countries, women are deprived of their rights from an early age. They are not allowed to go to school, they are not allocated funds for higher education and they believe that a woman should stay at home. As a result, women continue to earn less than men. Such inequality wastes potential and hinders cultural and technical progress. Vulnerable women are increasingly becoming victims of violence and aggression.

Africa's needs.

A number of alarming UN statistics highlight the urgent need for humanitarian support in Africa. The region has the world's highest child mortality rate and the number of people living with HIV. It has the highest rates of stunting among children, greatest number deaths due to road traffic accidents and the lowest literacy rates. Fertility rates in Africa are increasing, but more people suffer from these problems every day.

Global environmental problems.

There are three main environmental issues listed by the UN. These include threats to organisms on land and under water, climate change and resource depletion. According to UN statistics, forests are being depleted at a rate of 13 million hectares every year.

Most of the planet is covered in water. The oceans are consuming carbon dioxide and produce about 30% oxygen. Despite its importance, the ocean is under threat. Overfishing is putting many species at risk of extinction.

Global problems of the world that require political solutions.

These include the safe use of nuclear technologies, compliance international law and peace, promoting the decolonization of countries and ensuring the effective functioning of democracies. The main threat to human life is the person himself. The world is constantly shaking from the results of terrorist attacks, wars, testing of new weapons and migrations. In pursuit of new lands, politicians and aggressors are destroying thousands of human lives and depleting natural resources.

Global problems require global action. When it comes to tackling the basics social problems using innovations, new business models or global agreements, many experts agree that the success of the solution is purely political and not technical.

Ways to solve global problems of the world

The UN produced a report called the Millennium Development Goals, which is an important reminder that change is possible when we act. Here are 10 highlights from the report:

From 1990 to 2015, more than 1 billion people were lifted out of extreme poverty. The poverty rate in developing countries has fallen from 47% to a projected 14%.
Number of younger children school age out-of-school population has almost halved since 2000, from 100 million in 2000 to 57 million.
Since 1990, child mortality has more than halved. In 1990, 12.7 million children under the age of 5 died. In 2018 this number dropped to 6 million.
Maternal deaths have fallen by 45% since 1990.
From 2000 to 2013, the number of new HIV infections fell by 40%.
From 2000 to 2015, more than 6.2 million malaria deaths were averted, mostly among children under 5 years of age.
Since 1990, 2.6 billion people have gained access to an improved source of drinking water.
The number of hungry people in developing regions has almost halved from 23.3% in 1990–1992 to 12.9% in 2016.
Let's give possible solutions current problems humanity.

The problem of peace and war can be solved in the following ways:

control over the manufacture of weapons;
prohibition on use nuclear weapons and its alternatives;
careful control over the arms trade and smuggling;
tough sanctions for aggressor countries.

By adhering to these basic conditions, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of casualties and the consequences of military operations.

To avoid an environmental disaster it is necessary:

enhanced protection of endangered organisms;
optimal use of resources from local to global level;
measures to protect the environment from the impacts of factories, factories and other enterprises;
prohibition of experiments on animals;
creation of new reserves.

A number of actions aimed at gender equality, protection of women from violence and free access to general education anywhere in the world.

The shortage of fuel and raw materials can be avoided by introducing alternative sources of energy and heat. One of the main obstacles to this is the high cost of energy processing equipment.

We should try to solve the problem of hunger in this way:

expansion of land for cultivation and farming, rather than for concrete buildings;
creation of new lakes and pastures;
automation of small farming businesses and financing of enterprises involved in growing natural products nutrition.

The waters of the World Ocean also need urgent rescue. To do this you need:

determination of clear zones for fishing and oil production;
replacement of port equipment that releases emissions into the ocean;
strict control over the level of water purity and intensive actions to purify it;
ban on the release of nuclear waste and chemical weapons.

Also, do not forget about the rules for maintaining cleanliness outside the boundaries of the planet when exploring outer space.

One of the main problems is the difference in development of many countries. Technology, automation, the level of education and medicine are so different that they further reduce the possibility of peaceful existence of peoples. The only solution This problem is to help lagging countries and support them at the international level.

The problems of humanity are increasing in number every day. This happens for a number of reasons, with humans at the center. Wars, waste disposal, industrial enterprises, the creation of new types of chemical and nuclear weapons, deforestation and water pollution - the scale of destruction that humans bring to the planet is becoming terrifying. To avoid disaster and save resources for the lives of descendants, every inhabitant of the Earth must be involved.