Many, many riddles on different topics.
They beat me with sticks, rub me with stones,
They burn me with fire, they cut me with a knife.
And that’s why they ruin me so much that everyone loves me.
A house grew up in a field,
The house is full of grain,
The walls are gilded
The shutters are boarded up.
The house is shaking
On a golden trunk.
Golden sieve
There are plenty of black houses.
How many little black houses,
So many little white residents.
(Sunflower)
It's round, but not the moon,
Green, but not an oak forest,
With a tail, but not a mouse.
Two people were walking, stopped, and one asked the other:
- Is it black?
- No, it's red.
- Why is she white?
- Because it's green.
What were they talking about?
(Red Ribes)
My caftan is green,
And the heart is like red,
Tastes like sugar, sweet
And he himself looks like a ball.
I'm sitting on a tree
Round like a ball
Tastes like honey
Red as blood.
There is an oak tree, full of cereals,
Covered with a patch.
An old man stands above the water
Shaking his beard.
(Cane)
No windows, no doors,
The room is full of people.
Blue uniform
Yellow lining,
And in the middle it’s sweet.
Hat on one side,
Hid behind a stump.
Who passes close
Bows low.
Not a sea, not a river, but agitated.
(Field with ears of grain)
Golden mountains grow in the summer.
I threw one away and took a whole handful.
Riddles about animals
White as snow
Puffed up like fur
Walks on shovels.
Although I'm not a hammer -
I'm knocking on wood:
Every corner of it
I want to examine it.
I wear a red hat
And the acrobat is wonderful.
The brothers stood on stilts,
They look for food along the way.
Are you running or are you walking?
They can't get off their stilts.
(Cranes)
Walks on the ground
Can't see the sky
Nothing hurts,
And everything groans.
They always call me blind
But this is not a problem at all.
I built a house underground
All the storerooms are full of it.
There is a shock: There are pitchforks ahead,
There's a broom behind.
The beast is afraid of my branches,
Birds will not build nests in them.
In the branches is my beauty and power,
Tell me quickly, who am I?
It has wings, but it doesn’t fly,
There are no legs, but you can’t catch up.
In a cramped hut
An old woman is weaving canvas.
Who is in the forest without axes
Builds a hut without corners?
(Ants)
It flies and howls,
He sits down and digs the ground.
Who can go out into the open field,
Without leaving your home?
Crying in the swamp
But it doesn’t come from the swamp.
Will be born twice
One dies.
There is an awl in front,
Behind the wheel,
Below is a towel.
(Martin)
Will be born with a beard
Nobody is surprised.
The fur is soft,
Yes, the claw is sharp.
Lies on the hay
Doesn't eat on her own
And he doesn’t give it to others.
Fear drags warmly
And the warmth of the “guard” screams.
(Wolf and Ram)
Not a Christmas tree, but a peg.
Not the cat, but the mouse is afraid.
Walks in the summer
And in winter he rests.
(Bear)
Fighter and bully,
Lives in water.
Claws on the back -
And the pike won’t swallow it.
Who carries the forest on themselves?
A huge cat will flash behind the trunks,
Golden eyes and tufted ears,
But it's not a cat, look out, beware
The insidious one is on the hunt...
Who in the world walks
In a stone shirt?
In a stone shirt
They're walking...
(Turtles)
And we are in the forest, and in the swamp,
You will always find us everywhere:
In a clearing, at the edge of the forest,
We are green...
(Frogs)
I dig a hole day and night,
I don’t know the sun at all
Who will find my long move,
He will immediately say that this is...
Instead of a nose - a snout,
Instead of a tail - a hook,
My voice is shrill and ringing,
I'm funny…
(Piglet)
A giant swims across the ocean
And he hides the mustache in his mouth.
I've been catching bugs all day
I eat worms.
I don’t fly to a warm region,
Here, under the roof, I live,
Tick-tweet! Don't be timid!
I'm experienced...
(Sparrow)
I am in any bad weather
I respect water very much.
I'm staying away from the dirt
Clean gray...
There are a lot of them in the summer,
And in winter everyone dies out,
They jump and buzz in your ear.
What are they called?
Under the bark of pine and spruce
Sharpenes complex tunnels.
Only to the woodpecker for lunch
It hits...
Helps us with the farm
And willingly settles in
Your wooden palace
Dark bronze…
(Starling)
Of all the migratory birds,
Cleans arable land from worms.
Jump back and forth across the arable land,
And the bird's name is...
Riddles about man
I've been wearing them for many years
But I don’t know the number of them.
Who walks on four legs in the morning,
In the afternoon for two,
And in the evening at three?
(Human)
One says
Two people look
Yes, two people are listening.
(Tongue, eyes, ears)
My brother lives behind the mountain,
May he not meet me.
If it weren't for him,
I wouldn't say anything.
All my life I've been racing,
Yes, they cannot overtake each other.
Always in my mouth
Don't swallow it.
The piece of wood is lucky
The knuckle cuts
Wet Martin turns around.
(Spoon, teeth, tongue)
Two people walk
Two people are watching
Two help
One leads and orders.
(Human legs, eyes, arms and head)
Riddles about natural phenomena
He is everywhere: in the field and in the garden,
But it won't get into the house.
And I'm not going anywhere
As long as he goes.
I have sleeves, although I don’t have arms.
And although I'm not made of glass,
I am bright like a mirror.
Who am I? Give an answer!
Along the silver road
We went hiking.
Let's stop for a rest
And she suits herself.
Don't take me and lift me up
Do not cut with a saw
Do not cut down and do not drive away,
Don't sweep it with a broom
But the time will come for me -
I’ll leave the yard myself.
One is walking, the other is drinking,
And the third one eats.
(Rain, earth and grass)
It curls around the nose,
But it’s not given into your hands.
What happened tomorrow
Will it happen yesterday?
(Today)
I wander in the mountains following you,
I will answer any call.
Everyone heard me, but
No one has seen it yet.
No matter how much you eat
You will never be full.
What goes on without moving?
You can see the edge, but you won’t get there.
(Horizon)
The fur coat is new, but there is a hole in the hem.
(Ice hole)
You are behind her, she is away from you.
You are from her, she is behind you.
What grows upside down?
(Icicle)
It does not sink in water and does not burn in fire.
Himself without hands, without eyes,
And he can draw.
No arms, no legs,
And he climbs into the hut.
The red yoke hung over the river.
Not water and not land.
You can't sail away on a boat and you can't walk with your feet.
Gray cloth stretches out the window.
(Steam, fog)
They often ask me, wait for me,
But as soon as I appear, they will start hiding.
Stronger than the sun, weaker than the wind,
There are no legs, but he walks.
No eyes, but crying.
He won’t knock, he won’t blurt out, but he will come.
We don’t know grief, but we cry bitterly.
They beat me, they turn me over, they cut me,
And I remain silent and cry with all good things.
An ox roared a hundred villages away, a hundred rivers away.
What can't you lock in the chest?
(Ray of sunshine)
The blue sheet covers the whole world.
Sister goes to visit brother
And he is hiding from her.
(Moon and sun)
Grabbed the cheeks, the tip of the nose,
Painted a window without asking.
But who is it?
Here's the question!
All this makes...
Red Cat
The tree is gnawing
Lives happily.
And how will he drink water?
He will hiss and die.
Don't touch him with your hand!
This red cat...
Tall and strict
Walks without touching the floor.
Whoever comes out or comes in,
He will always shake her hand.
What a smart old man
Eighty-eight legs
Everyone is shuffling on the floor
It's hot at work.
She will be born in water,
But strange fate -
She's afraid of water
And he always dies in it.
The wind blows - I don't blow,
He doesn't blow - I blow.
But as soon as I start,
The wind blows away from me.
Looks like a wedge
And if you turn it around, damn it.
I'm sitting on horseback
I don't know on whom.
I'll meet an acquaintance -
I'll jump off and pick you up.
There was barely a breath of winter,
They are always with you now.
Two sisters will warm you up,
Their names are...
(Mittens).
White as snow
In everyone's honor
Got it in my mouth -
He disappeared there.
Sits on a spoon, legs dangling.
No arms, no legs,
And it climbs up the mountain.
Five fingers,
No bones, no meat, no nails.
(Gloves)
Bone tail
And on the back there are bristles.
Born on the field
Brewed at the factory
Dissolved on the table.
With legs and no arms,
With sides, but without ribs,
With a back, but without a head.
Two bellies, four ears.
What it is?
(Pillow)
The dog doesn't bark
But he won’t let me into the house.
Four brothers live under one roof.
Tail in the yard, nose in the kennel.
Whoever turns his tail will enter the house.
(The key is in the lock)
Steep mountain
Every step is a hole.
(Ladder)
That the house freezes in winter,
Isn't it on the street?
(Window glass)
They always see each other, but never get together.
(Floor and ceiling)
He walks and walks, but does not enter the hut.
It stands across the entrance.
One hand in the hut
The other is on the street.
Riddles about technology and labor
He's thin, but his head is big.
(Hammer)
I am a river and friend and brother,
I'm happy to work for people.
I was built by machines
I can shorten the path.
And from the drought, like a warrior,
Forest and field on the shore!
A rolling pin walks along the road
Heavy, huge.
And now we have a road
Like a ruler, straight.
(Road roller)
He walks and eats earth -
Hundreds of tons in one sitting.
He cuts the steppe into pieces,
And behind him the river flows.
(Digger)
I'm not alive, but I'm walking,
I help dig the earth.
Instead of a thousand shovels
I'm happy to work alone.
(Excavator)
The big-eyed beetle hummed,
I went around the green meadow,
The feather grass was crushed by the road
And he left, kicking up dust.
(Automobile)
A little cow walks like a pole -
Sooted tongue.
Cow cutting grass
Right down to the spine.
(Self-propelled mower)
They don't feed me oats,
They don't drive with a whip,
And how it plows,
Dragging seven plows.
(Tractor)
From edge to edge
Cuts a black loaf
He will finish, turn around,
He will do the same.
You can jump off it while moving,
But you can’t jump on it.
(Airplane)
It doesn't flap its wings, but flies.
Not a bird, but outruns birds.
(Airplane)
Floats boldly in the sky,
Overtaking birds in flight.
Man controls it.
What's happened?
(Airplane)
My hiking buddy
I'm used to hard rules:
Finished it by the cheeks too
Will remove the steel tongue.
(Penknife)
I eat coal, I drink water.
As soon as I get drunk, I’ll speed up.
I'm carrying a train of one hundred wheels
And I call myself...
(Locomotive)
A bass can be heard above the village,
He wakes us up in the morning.
We got used to it
To your routine.
(Factory horn)
If I want, I’ll bow down
If I'm too lazy, I'll just lie down.
Who lives far away
He won't go on foot.
Our friend is right there.
He'll finish everyone off in five minutes.
Hey, sit down, don't yawn!
Heading off…
(Tram)
I don't look like a piano
But I also have a pedal.
Who is not a coward or a coward,
I'll give him a good ride.
I don't have a motor
My name is...
(Bike)
Swims bravely through the waves,
Without slowing down,
Only the hum of the car is important.
What's happened?
(Steamboat)
So that I can take you
I don't need oats.
Feed me gasoline
Give me rubber for my hooves,
And then, raising dust,
Will run...
(Automobile)
Sits on the roof above everyone else.
(Antenna)
There is a curl near the ear,
And in the middle there is a conversation.
(Headphones)
Riddles about study and leisure
On the squares of the board
The kings brought down the regiments.
Not for regimental battles
No cartridges, no bayonets.
(Chess)
We are nimble sisters -
Craftswomen run fast.
In the rain we lie down,
We run into the snow:
This is our regime.
Small in stature and pot-bellied,
And he will speak -
A hundred loud guys
It will turn off immediately.
(Drum)
My horned horse is three-legged
He rushes quickly along the road,
I want him to stand,
If I want, he runs forward.
(Tricycle)
With friends and sisters
She comes to us
Stories, new ones
Brings it in the morning.
There is a road - you can’t go,
There is land - you can’t plow,
There are meadows - you can’t mow them,
There is no water in rivers and seas.
Although not a hat, but with a brim,
Not a flower, but with a root,
Talking to us
With a patient tongue.
The sandpiper is small,
He tells the whole hundred:
Then sit down and study,
Then get up and go away.
(School bell)
Summer, winter - all on skis;
Brother is a table, sister is a bench.
These are the most in the world
Inseparable friends.
She speaks silently
But it’s understandable and not boring.
You talk to her more often -
You will become four times smarter.
Musician, singer, storyteller,
And just a circle and a box.
(Gramophone)
Black Ivashka,
Wooden shirt:
Wherever you walk, a trace remains.
(Pencil)
Downhill - a horse,
And up the hill there is a piece of wood.
Black, crooked, all mute from birth.
They will stand in a row -
Now they'll talk.
What kind of siskin on a black field
Drawing a white mark with its beak?
The siskin has no legs or wings,
There is no feather, no down.
(School chalk)
Sees well
And the blind one.
(Illiterate person)
Although mute -
Call him lazy.
(Wall newspaper)
I'm lying in my school bag,
I'll tell you how you learn.
(Diary)
I'm walking through the beds,
I tear without counting,
It doesn’t decrease in the beds,
And it comes to mind.
Guessing riddles brings undoubted benefits. This is both the development of intelligence, and memory training, and a fun way to learn a lot of new things about various subjects.
Guessing riddles is a kind of test of human intelligence.
Welcome to the world of mysteries, where so many incredible discoveries lurk!
Puzzles.
Definition.
- If I were asked to name the most poetic phenomenon created by man using words, I would say without hesitation: these are riddles. But, unfortunately, we know them so poorly, and the time allotted at school to get to know them is so short!
What is it puzzles? If you give them traditional short definition, then it could be like this. Puzzles- this is an allegorical image of objects or phenomena of reality that are proposed to be guessed. And in fact, for example, in riddle“The matryoshka stands on one leg, wrapped up, tangled,” cabbage is allegorically represented. But, of course, all mysteries cannot be subsumed under this one definition. After all, the material that we perceive as riddles is much richer. For example, in the riddle about the river “It flows, it flows - it will not flow out, it runs, it runs - it will not run out” there is no allegory; it contains a description of the river, but there is no image of an object that would allegorically remind of the river. There are other types of riddles. For example, such as: “What can’t a person live without?” Answer: "No name." Or: “What is the softest thing in the world?” It turns out it's a palm. These are riddles that require extraordinary thinking from the guesser. After all, it is necessary to give one out of a huge number of possible answers, but one with which everyone would agree. You never know, for example, what a person cannot live without! And without water, and without air, and without food. But still, the unexpected answer - “Without a name” - will probably satisfy everyone. Indeed, not only humans cannot live without water, air, food... But only humans (everyone!) receive names.
This example demonstrates another feature of such riddles. The answer should be original, unexpected, and often causing a smile. And there are many riddles that have comic answers. Well, for example: “Which month is the shortest?” The usual answer: “February.” But the correct one is “May” (only three letters!). “What stones are not in the sea?” - “Dry.”
These types riddles could be called this: allegory riddles, description riddles and question riddles. But there is another type riddles: riddles-tasks. They are very similar to problems from school textbooks, if not for one circumstance. For example, here is one of these riddles: “A flock of geese was flying, one goose met them. “Hello,” he says, “a hundred geese!” - “No, we are not a hundred geese. If only there were so many more, and half as much, and a quarter as much, and you, goose, then there would be a hundred of us geese.” “How many geese were flying?” Answer: “36 geese.” The problem is purely arithmetic and requires the guesser to be able to count. But there are other tasks. For example: “A hunter was walking. I saw three crows on a tree and shot. I killed one. How many are left on the tree? The “reasonable” answer is purely arithmetic: there are two crows left on the tree. But no! He killed one, and the rest flew away... Or: “A flock of geese was flying, the hunters killed one. How much is left?" Of course, one was killed.
We see that riddles-tasks, like riddles-questions, are extraordinary, they are really tests of intelligence, they develop and activate our mental activity. And this combines riddles-questions with riddles-tasks; they undoubtedly have similarities in this with riddles-allegories, riddles-descriptions. After all, the tasks proposed in allegorical riddles and descriptive riddles require ingenuity and non-standard thinking: to see the extraordinary in the ordinary, and the ordinary in the unusual.
Thus, all these small forms of folklore are united in their vital purpose: they are educational in nature and contribute to the development of human mental activity. That's why we study them at school.
However, it is not only life purpose that unites these types riddles It is impossible not to notice that they are all built on a paradox. Translated from Greek, “paradox” means an unexpected phenomenon that sharply contradicts common sense and diverges from generally accepted opinion. We have seen that riddles are built on unusual comparisons, expected in line common sense According to the generally accepted opinion, the answers turn out to be false, and the most unexpected, but the only correct ones, are correct.
The similarity of these four types of riddles lies in their construction. The composition of all riddles without exception is two-part: the first part is the question, the second is the answer. This is very clearly seen in the example of riddles-questions and riddles-tasks. The question form is veiled in riddles-allegories and riddles-descriptions. However, the question does not have to be expressed in words. After all, the mystery existed and truly exists only in orally, and the question can be conveyed by intonation. In addition, the interrogative nature of the first part of allegorical riddles and description riddles is indicated by the need to answer only their first part. The answer suggests the existence of a question.
But that's where the similarities end. Some differences have already been discussed, but let us note one more important one. Riddles-allegories and riddles-descriptions differ from riddles-questions and riddles-tasks in that they are created on the basis of poetic imagery and surprise us with poetic pictures and artistic details; But riddles-questions, riddles-tasks are strong in their logic, a game not of imagination, but of the mind. I think this is why in literature classes at school there is a clear preference for allegorical riddles and descriptive riddles. And they always enjoyed great success among the people. We know thousands of them, while riddles-questions and riddles-tasks are little known.
Thus, puzzles- this is an allegorical image of objects and phenomena of reality or their description, which is proposed to be solved.
Riddle game 1.
- There are many mysteries in this book different nations our country - about man, and about animals, and about birds, and about plants, and about the earth, and about the sky, and about various objects...
You can tell each other riddles, but you can also play riddles together, like other games.
This is how they play puzzles Russian guys.
They gather somewhere, sit down comfortably and start playing “city”. Each takes several cities, say ten.
In order not to forget your cities and not to confuse them with others, you need to write them down on a piece of paper and keep this piece of paper in front of you.
The names of the cities of the players should not be repeated. If they are repeated, confusion and disputes will begin.
One of the players is appointed as a riddler. He must ask a dozen riddles.
Here he asks the first riddle. The players take turns approaching him and quietly, so that others do not hear, they say the answer.
Whoever fails to guess or guesses incorrectly hands over one of his cities to the riddler.
How do they do it? The riddler places an icon next to the name of the city.
When all participants in the game have given the answer, the riddler asks a new riddle. It is guessed in the same way as the first one.
After ten riddles, they see who has how many cities left. It happens that some of the players surrender all their cities.
Then a new riddle comes out and the game continues. He comes up with other riddles and everyone guesses them. The one who guesses them.
The one who guesses correctly gets the city he passed.
You can “surrender” not only cities, but also animals, birds, and parts of clothing - a hat, scarf, jacket, shirt, belt, shoes.
Riddle game 2.
This game is called "granny". This is how they play grandma. Everyone stands in a row (you can play while sitting). The first one asks a riddle.Many participants in the game can guess it, but the answer cannot be spoken out loud. The answer can only be said loudly by the one standing or sitting next to the riddler.
As soon as he guesses, he must ask a new riddle to his neighbor. If he guesses right, he asks his neighbor another riddle. So the riddles follow their chain to the end, and then can return the other way.
But riddles do not always follow the chain so easily. It happens that someone cannot guess the riddle or answers incorrectly. Then the neighbor asks him a second riddle. He couldn’t guess this one either; they guessed a third one for him. . Well, if he doesn’t guess the third one, let him go to the very end of the row. After this, the game continues. They play as long as they can come up with new riddles.
A riddle is a special type of wit that has always received attention in society. This part of folklore was actively used for teaching, creating a certain mood and ideas among people of different ages and provisions. Russian folk riddles appropriate to the occasion appeared in textbooks, books, magazines and newspapers, and were also distributed orally.
Concept and features of Russian folk riddles
As a rule, riddles are understood as an allegory in the form of a description of things or phenomena, given in interrogative form. The addition of “Russian folk” implies that it appeared and is used in the territories of Slavic countries or among the Russian-speaking population.
Many people, understanding the essence of this part of folklore, are not able to give it a clear definition, but they will certainly cite one of the riddles they know as an example. Among the features of this phenomenon are:
- The sphere of distribution is all Slavic peoples and territories. To the Russians folk riddles, proverbs, sayings and jokes includes folklore from all over the territory of the former Russian Empire(THE USSR). Moreover, there are Belarusian, Mari, Volga, Siberian, etc. riddles.
- No copyright. It is impossible to identify the specific creator of the riddles. They simply appear at a certain period, become obsolete, disappear, or are reworked into more modern versions. So collections of various riddles are not written, but compiled.
- Specific item. Folklore, especially those intended for children, extremely rarely deals with abstract concepts such as life, death, soul and morality, but focuses on specific concepts. For example, Russian folk stories do not talk about this phenomenon, but about completely tangible clouds or smoke, that is, about things that everyone has seen and can identify.
Place in folklore and free creativity
Russian folk riddles are one of the most significant and living poetic genres that can be used to understand the world in society. Even 60-70 years ago, they made up a significant part of the leisure time of young people, and the official authorities used them, among other things, for propaganda.
The peak of the study of riddles as part of folklore and the compilation of collections occurred in the 19th-20th centuries. In particular, in 1837, “Tales of the Russian People” and “Proverbs” were published, compiled by the talented archaeologist and traveler I. P. Sakharov. And in 1976, D. N. Sadovnikov released his “Riddles of the Russian People”. The collection of 2504 items was subsequently reprinted several times.
The USSR also paid some attention to riddles. In 1932, edited by M. A. Rybnikova, the most complete collection was published, including folklore of various regions, creativity of schoolchildren and new “Soviet” ideas.
- 2 plows. 2 turnips. There's a factory in the middle. RSFSR.
- Not a beet or a carrot, but a red head. Pioneer.
- Someone with a voice, but without a voice. Disenfranchised, that is, deprived of his rights.
Subsequently, the serious work of M. A. Rybnikova became a source for the creation of educational children's books. Riddles from it can be found in many modern publications.
In the 21st century, the number of new riddles has noticeably decreased, but they themselves have become much more complex and sometimes smack of cynical humor. The legacy of Soviet times is also used everywhere - in textbooks primary school and developmental literature for the youngest (3-6 years old).
Outdated riddles. Forms
Like any part of the Russian language, folklore is characterized by renewal. First of all, Russian folk mysteries about things that have fallen out of use are forgotten. For example:
- I'll plow an open field. I'll catch up with the black sheep. Bread in the oven.
- Troshka stands on one leg, crumbling fiery crumbs. Light - a stand for a torch.
- The black ezdin rides on the stove. Furnace grip.
Technological progress has erased a lot from folklore, and there was nothing to fill the void. At the moment, 80% of all known riddles, one way or another, use outdated words and expressions - caftan, horde, millstone, king, etc. While they are still understood by people (and especially children) and remain part of the cultural tradition.
Commonly used riddles have several verbal forms:
- Narrative with interrogative intonation. For example: "Four brothers stand under one roof." Table.
- Poems of varying lengths - from 6 to 30-40 words. For example: “A house grew up in a field. The house is full of grain. The walls are gilded. The shutters are boarded up. The house shakes. On a gold pillar.” Rye.
- Ongoing. This type is characterized by a smooth description of a thing, where each subsequent phrase is a continuation of the previous one. For example: “There were pitchforks, and on the forks there was a barrel. On the barrel there was a wave. On the wave there was a swing. On the swing there was a yawn. On the yawn there was a sniffle. There was a blinking on the nose. There was a field blinking. Above the field there was a forest, and in the forest the pigs had golden bristles.” Human.
It is worth noting that this kind of Russian folk tales are often oversaturated with allegories. They should be given either to adults or to children over 10 years of age.
Poetic riddles
It is noted that folklore in poetic form seems more vivid to the ear and is easier to remember. Most well-known riddles and sayings, including very short ones, rhyme. The most commonly used trochee is trimeter or tetrameter:
- There is an awl at the front. Behind the wheel. There is a towel on the chest. Martin.
- White mansions. Red backwaters. Goose.
- What is before us? Two shafts behind the ears, a wheel in front of the eyes and a nurse on the nose. Glasses.
Russian folk riddles in verse can have 2 types:
1. Rhyming question.
2. An unfinished poem, where the answer is the last word in rhyme. Most often they are used to teach children counting, the alphabet, and natural history.
and weather
Varied natural phenomena have always been the subject of close attention in folklore. Water, earth, moon, rivers, stars and many other things - they were all the subject of riddles. Moreover, the peak of their appearance occurred precisely at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, when people began to pay much more attention to the world around them. At that time, Russian folk riddles appeared about air, fog, smoke and clouds - very ephemeral phenomena.
- Good, good. He looks at everyone, but doesn’t look at himself. Sun.
- White bird in the sky. Resting on a block of snow. Moon in the clouds.
- She ran and made noise. She died and sparkled. frozen river.
- There's a pillar on the street. In the hut - tablecloth. Smoke.
- An eagle flies across the blue sky. She spread her wings and covered the sun. Cloud.
- I give an answer to every call, but my body and soul do not. Echo.
An equally popular subject is the seasons and weather phenomena. Russians are especially interesting folk winter and associated events such as snow, leaf fall, frost, blizzard and wind.
and people
Children's thinking requires pointing to specific things, and therefore Russian folk riddles about animals (wild and domestic) have always constituted a significant part of this type of folklore. Moreover, they are doubly useful, since in game form convey to the child information about leashes, behavior or the danger of a particular animal. For example:
- Small, but light. But you can’t lift it by the tail. Lizard.
- Behind the field and forest there is a mountain of sand boiling. Anthill.
- He jumps in the swamp and swims like a human. Frog.
- With horns, but not a bull. Runs like a dragonfly. Jumps like a flea. Deer.
- A sieve hangs. Not made by hand. Web.
- It flies - squeaks, sits - is silent. Whoever kills him will shed his blood. Mosquito.
- I wake everyone up on time, even though I don’t wind the clock. Rooster.
- Prowls through the fields. Looking for lambs and calves. Wolf.
Children's Russian folk riddles, dedicated to a person, allow you to teach your child the basics of anatomy in an entertaining way. They will teach you how to identify body parts based on description alone.
- 2 brothers live across the street. One does not see the other. Eyes.
- There are 5 brothers living there. Everyone has the same name. Fingers.
- Between the two I was the only one shining. Nose.
- One speaks. Two look, two listen. Mouth, eyes and ears.
- What part of a person is always wet? Language.
Riddles about numbers, the alphabet and the educational process
After the revolution of 1917 and the formation of a new state in society, great attention pay attention to population literacy. It was common practice to send elderly people who already had grandchildren to reading classes. But among the younger generation, the prestige of education helped spread Russian folk riddles, poems and ditties about ignoramuses. All folklore on this topic can be divided into the following groups:
1. About educational supplies - notebooks, books, textbooks, etc.
- White field, black seed. He who sows it understands it. Book.
- When is a sighted person blind? Illiterate.
- He doesn’t speak, he doesn’t tell, but he shows by example. Poster.
- The whole world is placed on one paper. Geographic map.
2. About the alphabet, numbers and other sciences.
Children's Russian folk riddles, composed in poetic form (with an answer-ending), are very effective as a means of teaching first-graders the basics of writing and arithmetic.
Riddles about food and things
The most updated part of folklore, in which riddles die out after certain things fall out of use. But instead of them, new ones also appear regularly. So you can easily find riddles about a Russian stove, a poker or a rocker, as well as about a computer, cellular telephone, car or plane.
The subject matter of this group is very broad and in any collection you can easily find a riddle about Russian folk instruments, clothing, heating, needlework, technology, etc.
- It strokes everything it touches, and if you touch it, it bites. Iron.
- The horse is steel, and the tail is silk (linen). Needle and thread.
- Meets with one hand. Another escorts. Door.
Riddles about food are mostly centered around a few essential products that are available to everyone - bread (slices, loaves), salt, sugar, pancakes, dough, milk.
Riddles for adults. Erotic folklore
There is an opinion that Russian folk riddles about nature, things and food are intended for children. But it is not so. A huge layer of folklore is directly related to adults. And these are not only particularly complex forms, but also erotic riddles - the “18+” category. Despite strict religious and then party censorship, they flourished at all times.
Riddles for adults are always ambiguous and deeply ironic, as they are based on disappointed expectations. When pronouncing the text, the performer pretends that he does not understand the sexual meaning of key words like “hole”, “tugging”, “hollowing”, etc. And the main lie is that the answer to the riddle does not contain an immodest meaning. For example:
- Two apples in moss. Carrot on top. Eyes and nose.
- It dangles between the legs - it's called the letter "x". As soon as he sees the letter "p" he immediately rises. Elephant trunk and food.
- Ass to mouth. Egg.
- Hangs - dangles. Everyone grabs hold of him. Towel.
Riddles, as part of folklore, exist in all countries. But Russians stand out against the global background for their numbers, diversity of forms and significance for society.
Russian folk riddles about plants, animals, humans and natural phenomena
Riddles about plants
They beat me with sticks, rub me with stones,
They burn me with fire, they cut me with a knife.
And that’s why they ruin me so much that everyone loves me.
(Bread)
A house grew up in a field,
The house is full of grain,
The walls are gilded
The shutters are boarded up.
The house is shaking
On a golden trunk.
(Ear)
Golden sieve
There are plenty of black houses.
How many little black houses,
So many little white residents.
(Sunflower)
It's round, but not the moon,
Green, but not an oak forest,
With a tail, but not a mouse.
(Turnip)
Two people were walking, stopped, and one asked the other:
- Is it black?
- No, it's red.
- Why is she white?
- Because it's green.
What were they talking about?
(Red Ribes)
I'm sitting on a tree
Round like a ball
Tastes like honey
Red as blood.
(Cherry)
There is an oak tree, full of cereals,
Covered with a patch.
(Poppy)
An old man stands above the water
Shaking his beard.
(Cane)
No windows, no doors,
The room is full of people.
(Cucumber)
Blue uniform
Yellow lining,
And in the middle it’s sweet.
(Plum)
Hat on one side,
Hid behind a stump.
Who passes close
Bows low.
(Mushroom)
Not a sea, not a river, but agitated.
(Field with ears of grain)
Golden mountains grow in the summer.
(Kopny)
I threw one away and took a whole handful.
(Corn)
Riddles about animals
White as snow
Puffed up like fur
Walks on shovels.
(Goose)
Although I'm not a hammer -
I'm knocking on wood:
Every corner of it
I want to examine it.
I wear a red hat
And the acrobat is wonderful.
(Woodpecker)
The brothers stood on stilts,
They look for food along the way.
Are you running or are you walking?
They can't get off their stilts.
(Cranes)
Walks on the ground
Can't see the sky
Nothing hurts,
And everything groans.
(Pig)
They always call me blind
But this is not a problem at all.
I built a house underground
All the storerooms are full of it.
(Mole)
There is a shock: There are pitchforks ahead,
There's a broom behind.
(Cow)
The beast is afraid of my branches,
Birds will not build nests in them.
In the branches is my beauty and power,
Tell me quickly, who am I?
(Deer)
It has wings, but it doesn’t fly,
There are no legs, but you can’t catch up.
(Fish)
In a cramped hut
An old woman is weaving canvas.
(Bees)
Who is in the forest without axes
Builds a hut without corners?
(Ants)
It flies and howls,
He sits down and digs the ground.
(Bug)
Who can go out into the open field,
Without leaving your home?
(Snail)
Crying in the swamp
But it doesn’t come from the swamp.
(Sandpiper)
Will be born twice
One dies.
(Bird)
There is an awl in front,
Behind the wheel,
Below is a towel.
(Martin)
Will be born with a beard
Nobody is surprised.
(Goat)
The fur is soft,
Yes, the claw is sharp.
(Cat)
Lies on the hay
Doesn't eat on her own
And he doesn’t give it to others.
(Dog)
Not a Christmas tree, but a peg.
Not the cat, but the mouse is afraid.
(Hedgehog)
Walks in the summer
And in winter he rests.
(Bear)
Fighter and bully,
Lives in water.
Claws on the back -
And the pike won’t swallow it.
(Ruff)
Who carries the forest on themselves?
(Deer)
A huge cat will flash behind the trunks,
Golden eyes and tufted ears,
But it's not a cat, look out, beware
The insidious one is on the hunt...
(Lynx)
And we are in the forest, and in the swamp,
You will always find us everywhere:
In a clearing, at the edge of the forest,
We are green...
(Frogs)
I dig a hole day and night,
I don’t know the sun at all
Who will find my long move,
He will immediately say that this is...
(Mole)
Instead of a nose - a snout,
Instead of a tail - a hook,
My voice is shrill and ringing,
I'm funny…
(Piglet)
I've been catching bugs all day
I eat worms.
I don’t fly to a warm region,
Here, under the roof, I live,
Tick-tweet! Don't be timid!
I'm experienced...
(Sparrow)
I am in any bad weather
I respect water very much.
I'm staying away from the dirt
Clean gray...
(Goose)
There are a lot of them in the summer,
And in winter everyone dies out,
They jump and buzz in your ear.
What are they called?
(flies)
Under the bark of pine and spruce
Sharpenes complex tunnels.
Only to the woodpecker for lunch
It hits...
(bark beetle)
Helps us with the farm
And willingly settles in
Your wooden palace
Dark bronze…
(Starling)
Of all the migratory birds,
Cleans arable land from worms.
Jump back and forth across the arable land,
And the bird's name is...
(Rook)
Riddles about man
(Hair)
I've been wearing them for many years
But I don’t know the number of them.
(Hair)
Who walks on four legs in the morning,
In the afternoon for two,
And in the evening at three?
(Human)
One says
Two people look
Yes, two people are listening.
(Tongue, eyes, ears)
My brother lives behind the mountain,
May he not meet me.
(Eyes)
If it weren't for him,
I wouldn't say anything.
(Language)
All my life I've been racing,
Yes, they cannot overtake each other.
(Legs)
Always in my mouth
Don't swallow it.
(Language)
The piece of wood is lucky
The knuckle cuts
Wet Martin turns around.
(Spoon, teeth, tongue)
Two people walk
Two people are watching
Two help
One leads and orders.
(Human legs, eyes, arms and head)
Riddles about natural phenomena
Grandfather builds a bridge without an ax and without a knife
(Freezing)
The lanky man walked stuck in the damp ground
(Rain)
Warms in winter, smolders in spring, dies in summer, comes to life in autumn
(Snow)
He is everywhere: in the field and in the garden,
But it won't get into the house.
And I'm not going anywhere
As long as he goes.
(Rain)
I have sleeves, although I don’t have arms.
And although I'm not made of glass,
I am bright like a mirror.
Who am I? Give an answer!
(River)
Along the silver road
We went hiking.
Let's stop for a rest
And she suits herself.
(River)
Don't take me and lift me up
Do not cut with a saw
Do not cut down and do not drive away,
Don't sweep it with a broom
But the time will come for me -
I’ll leave the yard myself.
(Shadow)
One is walking, the other is drinking,
And the third one eats.
(Rain, earth and grass)
It curls around the nose,
But it’s not given into your hands.
(Wind)
I wander in the mountains following you,
I will answer any call.
Everyone heard me, but
No one has seen it yet.
(Echo)
What goes on without moving?
(Time)
You can see the edge, but you won’t get there.
(Horizon)
The fur coat is new, but there is a hole in the hem.
(Ice hole)
You are behind her, she is away from you.
You are from her, she is behind you.
(Shadow)
What grows upside down?
(Icicle)
It does not sink in water and does not burn in fire.
(Ice)
Himself without hands, without eyes,
And he can draw.
(Freezing)
No arms, no legs,
And he climbs into the hut.
(Freezing)
The red yoke hung over the river.
(Rainbow)
Not water and not land.
You can't sail away on a boat and you can't walk with your feet.
(Swamp)
Gray cloth stretches out the window.
(Steam, fog)
They often ask me, wait for me,
But as soon as I appear, they will start hiding.
(Rain)
Stronger than the sun, weaker than the wind,
There are no legs, but he walks.
No eyes, but crying.
(Cloud)
He won’t knock, he won’t blurt out, but he will come.
(Day)
We don’t know grief, but we cry bitterly.
(Clouds)
They beat me, they turn me over, they cut me,
And I remain silent and cry with all good things.
(Earth)
An ox roared a hundred villages away, a hundred rivers away.
(Thunder)
What can't you lock in the chest?
(Ray of sunshine)
The blue sheet covers the whole world.
(Sky)
Sister goes to visit brother
And he is hiding from her.
(Moon and sun)
Grabbed the cheeks, the tip of the nose,
Painted a window without asking.
But who is it?
Here's the question!
All this makes...
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
RIDDLES The material was prepared by teacher of Russian language and literature Kashirina N.V. http://aida.ucoz.ru
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Riddle is a genre of oral folk art. A riddle allegorically (without naming) describes an object or phenomenon. The purpose of the riddle is to test intelligence, to teach you to see the world in a new way, so it is not an independent genre, but an applied one. The name of the genre “riddle” comes from the word “gadati” - to think, reason. “Fortune telling is the discovery of something hidden, obscured.
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Is this a mystery? Where is the birch tree, pockmarked and sparse, Where the haze of the willow tree melts, He, gray, sits on a branch And holds a worm in his beak. But it is he, simple, nondescript, chilled at night from the dew, who will enchant the dacha village near the suburban strip. (Sergey Shchipachev) The author's title of the poem is “The Nightingale” This is not a mystery. Why?
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The history of the riddle A long time ago, even when people were afraid of nature, it seemed to the ancient hunter, farmer and cattle breeder that there were good and evil creatures everywhere. In the forest - Leshy, in the river - Vodyanoy, Mermaids, in the hut - Brownie. People then thought that trees, fish, and birds all understood human language. And people in those days, when going hunting, fishing, or simply going into the forest with their herd, tried not to utter out loud those words that were connected with the success of the upcoming task. And in order to deceive the beast and understand each other, hunters, fishermen and shepherds came up with a special “secret” language, a special “mysterious” speech.
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Winter evenings When all the housework had been done, both old and young would gather in some hut. And the old people began to ask the young sophisticated questions. And the old people did not just make wishes as they pleased, but adhered to strict order. They started with riddles about a person, about what is closest to him - about clothes, about home. Then about the vegetable garden, garden, field, apiary. And then about snow, thunder, lightning, stars and the month.
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Gradually, over the centuries, stronger yes smarter person I became less afraid of “dark forces”. “False” names were no longer needed; they were gradually forgotten. But the riddle was not forgotten. It was widely used as a test of wisdom both in life and in fairy tales. The main thing became that a person should test his ingenuity, look around once again - let him see in what interesting world lives.
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And everywhere, in the most everyday things, the riddle is able to notice something interesting, to make the most familiar unusual, mysterious. Here, for example: “Laughs downwards, cries upwards.” The solution is simple: the bucket is in the well. But it is so subtly noticed that the empty bucket goes down and creaks, as if laughing, and as it goes up, it splashes water, as if crying. Later, the riddle moved into the world of childhood and began to teach the child to recognize the world and see it in a new way. For a child, the world is always full of mystery; he still has a lot to guess. Solving riddles gives pleasure, solving them pleases and surprises.
Slide 9
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Guess the riddles. (From the teacher’s archive) 1. It began to rain, and we picked up strange mushrooms: there is a cap and a stem, but, alas, we cannot eat them. 2. The girl holds the mushroom so that her raincoat does not get wet. 3. The rain is pouring down like buckets, it’s time for me to go to school. And I opened my mushroom - Look: it didn’t get wet! 4. The bird will open its wings and save us from the rain. 5. As soon as I open up, I will become like a bird. 6. In the rain, a heron on a high leg walks along the path. 7. Multi-colored daisies carry everything above them in the rain. The clouds are clearing - the daisies are closing.
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I decorate the house, I also collect dust. And people trample me underfoot, and then they beat me with batogs. Inside is empty, And the voice is thick. He himself is silent, but when they beat him, he grumbles. Her whole soul is wide open, And even though there are buttons - it’s not a shirt, It’s not a turkey, but it’s puffed up, And it’s not a bird, but it’s filled with water. Now back, now forward The steamer wanders. Stop it - woe! The sea will be perforated! All his life he flaps his wings, but cannot fly away. He has a rubber trunk and a canvas stomach. As his engine hums, he swallows both dust and debris. If I see dust, I will grumble, wrap it up and swallow it.
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Slide description:
Learning to write riddles Preparation 1. Fragrant snowflakes Hanging on a blade of grass (lily of the valley flowers) 2. In the spring, in May, white rattles appeared at the edge of the forest. (lily of the valley flowers) 3. The hammers knock, knock, and the letters fall into even lines. (typewriter) 4. There is a bell on a thin stem in purple clothes. (bell) 5. They hang like beads, but do not ring, a strong aroma emanates from them. (lily of the valley flowers) Improved version 1. Fragrant snowflakes hang on a blade of grass in the forest. (lily of the valley flowers) 2. At the end of May, rattles turned white at the edge of the forest. (lily of the valley flowers) 3. The hammers are knocking briskly and hammering the letters into the lines. (typewriter) 4. There is a bell on a thin leg in purple clothes. (bell) 5. White bells hang, but do not ring, and a wonderful aroma flows from them. (lily of the valley flowers)