Pavlovnia ( Paulównia), or Adam's tree -genusplant familyNorichnikovye(earlier this genus was sometimes referred to the familyBignonium). Philip Siebold and Joseph Zuccarinigave the plant a namepatronymic daughters Emperor Paul I, beauties Anna Pavlovna(1795-1865): name the genusAnna they could not, since such a genus already existed, and they took the patronymic for a middle name.deciduous high trees.The trunk is straight, the crown is spreading.Leavesopposite, on long petioles.Leaf bladelarge, deeply toothed or three-lobed. The edge of the sheet is solid.Priestnikov no. Flowerslarge, purple-lilac, sometimes almost white, inpaniculateinflorescences at the ends escapes. Cup bell-shaped. Fetus — box. Seedssmall, winged. Grows onFar East and in South-East Asia: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam.
V gardens andparks Europe andNorth America cultivatePaulownia felt, or imperial (Paulownia tomentosa ) - a tree 15-20 m high with a widecrownand large (up to 30 cm long and up to 25 cm wide) entire leaves on longpetioles. Flowerspale purple, erectpyramidal inflorescences.
Paulownia imperialis. Botanical illustration from the book of Siebold and Zuccarini Flora japonica , 1870
One of the versions of the origin of the name of the tree:"... the Lord said:" What you steal from me will drive you away. "And so he drove him out. And a triple tree grew - part of Adam, part of Eve, in the middle - the Lord God himself. And from the Lord's part the archangel gave Seth, and Seth brought it to Adam, and Adam made a crown for himself. And from that crown a tree grew. Evin's part sailed with the flood. And when Solomon realized that that was the head of Adam, he transferred her to the center of Jerusalem. And he called, and all the people came together, and commanded them, saying: "What I am going to do, the same you, looking at me, do" ... "
Paulownia blooms before the leaves appear. The large purple paulownia flowers begin to bloom in early spring before the leaves appear. Kiri blooms in large (up to 5 cm), pink-purple, fragrant flowers, collected in large, pyramidal panicles. Paulownia flowers are purple-lilac, sometimes almost white. The paulownia blooming in May with light purple flowers is a symbol of good luck.
The Japanese call this tree kiri, we know it under the name Paulownia felt, and in Latin, kiri is called Paulownia imperialis. According to the Chinese legend, the bird Pyn (Japanese Hoo) lived in the crown of a paulownia tree and sang a song of wishes in everyday life to the overlord. The paulownia pattern was used in the everyday life of the emperor, and at the end of the Kamakura period it became the coat of arms of the imperial family, the second most important after the coat of arms of the chrysanthemum during the time of Emperor Godaigo. Ashigaka Takauji was awarded the right to use this coat of arms, after which he ordered to use it as the coat of arms of the entire Ashigaka clan. Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi awarded them to their distinguished generals. After Toyotomi's death and Tokugawa's rise to power, the Kiri-mon declined in popularity, but it was still used by daimyo and hatamoto of the Taetomi lineage. It is a symbol of brilliant government. In addition, the paulownia blossoming in May with light purple flowers is a symbol of good luck.
Paulownia flower with 5-7-5 inflorescences is also an elementOrder of the Rising Sun , the third most important state award in Japan after two Orders of the Chrysanthemum. In another source, I came across information that in modern Japan this kamon can be used for a variety of purposes, it is often seen on formal women's black kimonos, and there are no restrictions on use kiri-mona ordinary people do not exist.
Paulownia is widely used in Japanese heraldry. The kiri pattern was used in the everyday life of the emperor, and at the end of the Kamakura period it became the coat of arms of the imperial family, the second most important after the coat of arms of the chrysanthemum during the time of Emperor Godaigo. Ashigaka Takauji was awarded the right to use this coat of arms, after which he ordered to use it as the coat of arms of the entire Ashigaka clan. Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi awarded them to their distinguished generals. The imperial family name is so ramified and numerous that there are five generic Mon of different branches. Among them are chrysanthemum, paulownia, Tokugawa mallow. Paulownia is the ancestral mark of the Minamoto, the oldest and noblest family in Japan.Minamo(源) - a group of clans of ancient and medieval Japan descended from the children of emperors who were denied the status of princes and transferred to the category of subjects by providing the surname Minamoto (Japanese 源, "source") and the title "Ason" (Japanese 朝臣, "Servant of the dynasty"). These clans are also known as Genji (源氏, "Minamoto clan / clans") or Genke (源 家, "Minamoto house / clans"). Although at first the Minamoto had the prestigious status of a very influential aristocratic family, over time they quickly turned into samurai due to the constant fulfillment of the military tasks of the capital government. Family coats of arms with the image of paulownia indicate that their owners are the descendants of noble samurai families. The Cabinet of Ministers of Japan also uses the image of the paulownia on the government seal in official documents. One version of the kiri is used as the official emblem of the Prime Minister of Japan.
The coat of arms of the Imperial House of Japan (kiri-mon) is formed from the leaves and petals of the Paulownia imperialis flower.
The Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers on the Big Ribbon was established by Imperial Edict No. 1 dated January 4, 1888, according to this edict, the order is one step higher than the Order of the Rising Sun on the Big Ribbon. This order is awarded for exceptional merit. It is one of the highest awards in Japan. It is awarded only to those who already have the Order of the Rising Sun on the Big Ribbon. These awards are not worn at the same time. The insignia of the order, measuring 76 mm by 112 mm, looks like the Order of the Rising Sun, but additionally has symbols of the imperial coat of arms - paulownia flowers. According to the regulation of the imperial house, this order is awarded to princes - members of the Japanese imperial family aged 15 years. This order was also awarded to representatives of foreign imperial and royal families and the highest aristocracy.
The paulownia sign was considered imperial, it was in second place after chrysanthemum in the hierarchy of generic symbols. In the twentieth century, he was placed on the highest imperial orders and the blades of the imperial army
Order of the Rising Sun 1st class (Japan).
Paulownia flower on the handle of a Japanese dagger.
Paulownia wood is light and soft; the Japanese use it for the manufacture of musical instruments, furniture, and small handicrafts. Kiri is used to make a Japanese plucked musical instrument, koto. The thick front deck for the koto is made of extra soft Paulownia. Koto, along with the hayashi and shakuhachi flutes, tsudzumi drum and shamisen lute, belongs to traditional Japanese musical instruments.
PAVLONIA (kiri; Paulownia tomentosa). This tall deciduous tree arrived early from the mainland in Japan and now grows from the northernmost island of Hokkaido to the Kagoshima region in southwestern Kyushu. Unusually light and with a smooth texture of wide leaves, it is easy to work and moisture resistant, its expansion-contraction ratio is extremely low, and there have been no cases where after processing it would deform or split. This wood has a delicate pale creamy shade. Paulownia grows so fast that in the old days, a rural family could plant a seedling in the yard at the birth of a daughter, and by her adulthood a tree will grow, and from it it will be possible to make dowry furniture. Paulownia was used primarily for making tansu chests of drawers. Although this is quite surprising, because it is considered one of the few thermally conductive wood species that is great for hibachi. In addition, its lightness and resistance to cracking make it an ideal material for geta shoes and theatrical masks.
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The plant was named Paulownia by the German botanist Zuccarini and the physician Siebolt after their trip to Japan in honor of the Queen of the Netherlands Anna Pavlovna, the daughter of the great Russian Tsar Peter 1. This thermophilic tree is widespread in Europe, southern Russia and Ukraine, the Caucasus, Asia. Due to its rapid growth, it is widely used to prevent erosion and landscaping areas after fires.
Description of paulownia
Paulownia is a deciduous tree of the family of the same name, with an average height of up to 20 m. The crown is spherical, spreading, up to 6 m in diameter. The leaves are large, reaching 25-30 cm in width and length. Flowers have purple hues, and in shape they resemble bells, only the size of their inflorescences reaches 30 cm. Flowering begins in spring, before foliage forms. Life expectancy is up to 100 years. The tree reaches maturity at the age of 8-9 years.
The birthplace of culture is Asia. In China, it is called the "dragon tree". In neighboring Japan, it was considered sacred, was printed on coins and heraldry and is called imperial or kiri. According to ancient Japanese customs, paulownia was planted at the birth of a female child in a family, and when a girl got married, a chest was made from the wood of a dragon tree for a dowry. In Europe, for the resemblance to the fig tree, from which, according to legend, Adam made clothes, he was nicknamed Adam.
Industrial and domestic use
Valuable wood, unique biochemical composition make paulownia a welcome guest not only as a decorative decoration of the site. With the fastest growth in the world, the imperial wood is widely used in many areas of human life:
Popular varieties
Botanists distinguish from 4 to 7 types of plants. The most common are:
Plants are suitable for a warm, humid climate and no drafts. And you can also breed paulownia as a houseplant - in pots and tubs.
Features of growing Adam's tree
How it looks in wild conditions known. And although the culture is considered thermophilic, it can take root in temperate latitudes... In Russia, these are the southern regions, Crimea, Kranodar Territory. Paulownia is able to withstand a drop in temperature to 17-20 degrees below zero, and even after damage is restored by basal shoots, and over the years, the winter hardiness of paulownia increases. For the winter, you can insulate the root system with foliage and a large amount of a snow coat.
Even more than frost, the plant is afraid of strong winds. The maximum allowable gusts are 7-8 m / s. Young trees, the trunk of which is not yet sufficiently stiff, are especially affected by the wind.
There are no special requirements for the soil, it is desirable that the acidity is neutral. Since the plant is predominantly mountainous, preference should be given to sandy, stony soils. Clayy terrain should be avoided, since it does not allow moisture to pass through well. Ideal would be the following root composition of the soil: turf, peat and sand in a ratio of 1: 2: 2.
Watering is required in moderation, about 10 liters of water once a week for young paulownia. An older Adam tree requires 25 liters of water every few weeks. Fertilizer for the imperial tree is optional, chicken droppings or peat will do. Pruning branches, forming a crown, is required at will. It tolerates pruning well.
Reproduction methods
There are two main methods for breeding paulownia - seeds and cuttings. Each path has its own characteristics.
The seed is harvested in the fall from boxes on a tree. Sowing is necessary in the near future, since germination is limited to 6 months.
Before planting, it is necessary to pre-germinate under a film, which takes about two weeks, the container must be periodically ventilated. After germination, move to a small amount of soil without completely covering the shoots. It will take another 7-10 days for the seedling to grow stronger. Then each bush is planted in a separate pot. It is possible to germinate immediately in a pot, but a large amount of moisture will be required, the structure of the soil should be swampy.
Vegetative propagation is somewhat simpler. To do this, at the end of summer or autumn, the root shoot of a young 2 or 3 year old tree is separated and rooted in a container with soil. In the spring, a young tree is transferred to a permanent place on the site so that the cut of the cutting does not go beyond the ground by more than 2-3 cm. After the shoots grow up to 10 cm, one of the strongest is left, the rest are removed.
Diseases and pests
The tree is unpretentious to conditions and easy to care for, but it is susceptible to some diseases. Fungal disease of the black leg is a consequence of excessive watering, fungicides should be used for prevention.
Scabbard and aphids - these pests also affect paulownia. The Adam's tree can be saved from them with the help of insecticides with annual spring spraying.
The most dangerous is the beetle, known as the May beetle, from which it is necessary to treat the crown and trunk with preparations based on imidacloprid.
An unusual tree is easy to plant on your site. It is relatively unpretentious, and if you take into account the few subtleties of care, the Adam's tree will delight the eye for a long time.
Nutrition of the future
Body system: cutaneous, endocrine
Form of nutrition: body of tension, body of rotation.
Part Used: The trunk, leaves, flowers and fruits of myrtle are used for medicinal purposes.
It is this quality of the Adam's tree that began to be used in Arab alchemy and Christianity to butter up, anointing space. This property correlates this plant with the symbol of beauty.
Kiri-noki - as it is called in Japan - is considered an imperial tree due to its sophistication, and its image is on the emblem of the imperial family.
This plant has another name - Paulownia (Paulównia), in honor of the daughter of Emperor Paul I, Anna Pavlovna.
The growing area is huge: Europe, Asia, North and South America... Basically, paulownia is cultivated everywhere as a house plant, and here Bariloche (Argentina) should be highlighted, where the Adam tree is associated with the place of power, Lake Nahuel Huapi. Victoria Island has a whole forest of this amazing plant, being a real wonder of the world.
Getting into this fabulous place, you truly understand why in the East paulownia is called the tree of inspiration, the tree of beauty. Well, if you consider that it is here that the plant reaches unprecedented heights (up to 20 meters) and an amazing volume in the trunk (up to 100 cm), then you involuntarily ask yourself: "Isn't it heaven here?"
In general, if you want to enjoy the velvety leaves of myrtle, the amazing red-brick tan of the trunk, to taste the air of this place, which ionizes the plant in a completely unique way, then welcome to Bariloche!
Peculiarity
A distinctive feature of the plant is a unique trunk, which forms an amazing brick-red color, so vibrant and rich that it is simply impossible not to pay attention to this plant. It is very effective on the eyes.
Another specialty of Adam's wood is its scent, which nourishes and cleanses the brain and lungs. The third feature is the tactile perception of this plant.
Whether you pick it up by its smooth trunk or by its velvety leaves, it transmits a very subtle vibration.
And fourthly, myrtle expresses a high-level geometry in which all these qualities are combined - white flowers, green velvet leaves and a red-brown color of the trunk. We are talking, of course, about the flowering period.
Application
One of the amazing properties of this tree is the ability to focus consciousness. As you know, the Adam tree is planted mainly for its attractive appearance. But in fact, behind this there is a physiological need to have in the house that which forms a person's relation to space. And any relation to space is already, at least, attention.
Here it is worth paying attention to the aroma, which is not only pleasant, but also a nutritional element. The viscosity that a given tree creates in space changes its density. Not only is it useful to breathe such a scent, but it also destroys pathogenic microbes. In folk medicine, this property is defined as the ability to maintain strength and prolong youth.
Tincture of Adam's bark is good for the stomach and liver. An anti-cold remedy is made from the leaves, which is also good for any inflammatory diseases.
But still, the greatest effect of Adam's tree has, of course, on the skin and lungs, it is good for the restoration and strengthening of hair. For these purposes, it is good to use essential oils from myrtle.
The oil can be used both in aromatherapy and by rubbing it on the wrists and chest (at the rate of 3 drops of oil per tablespoon of jojoba base oil).
Precautionary measures
With all the important and healing properties of the Adam's tree, certain safety measures should be observed when interacting with it. The fact is that this tree has a rather strong effect, and we need to understand which parts of the tree we use and why. Therefore, if there is no understanding of this issue, it is recommended to use essential oils.
It should also be understood that oil extraction can be of high quality only with strict adherence to the entire technological chain. And such processing, as, in fact, and the rarity of the tree itself, determines a fairly high price of oil.
Even improperly treated leaves and tree bark can have a similar effect.
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Adam's tree at home: description, planting, growing, care and reviews
The Adam's tree (aka paulownia) is an incredibly beautiful plant that has become widespread in almost all corners of the planet and is successfully cultivated in gardens, parks, greenhouses.
The Princess Tree, or Dragon Tree (as it is called in China), is especially prized for its magnificent late spring bloom and beautiful velvety foliage. He was nicknamed Paulownia in honor of Anna Pavlovna - Queen of the Netherlands, daughter of the Russian Emperor Paul I.
It was this beautiful woman who helped organize the expedition that discovered and described the incredibly attractive paulownia.
Adam's tree: what does it look like?
Paulownia is characterized by a cylindrical trunk, a spreading crown of a round or ovoid shape, huge velvet leaves on long petioles, bright violet-blue (cream, pink) tubular bell-flowers, united in vertical inflorescences about 30-50 cm long.
The flowers are large enough - about 6 cm in diameter. Outwardly they look like a thimble, with a yellow stripe inside. The buds emerge at the end of summer, and bloom in April-May.
The fruits of the Adam's tree are gray-brown capsules with a large number of winged small seeds, ripening in September-October and remaining on the tree throughout the winter.
Pertaining to the Paulowniaceae family, the Adam's tree reaches 15-20 meters in height and is distributed in Southeast Asia, southern and western regions of Ukraine, the Caucasus, the Far East, and Crimea. Also grown in garden areas in North America and Europe.
The Adam's tree, planting and caring for which is not particularly difficult, is associated with many signs. So, in Japan, this attractive plant is acquired if a daughter is born in the family.
They cut down paulownia and make a good master's chest out of it, when the girl grows up and gets married. Wood is difficult to burn, which allows you to store valuable items in chests made of this wood material.
Also, according to legends, the phoenix bird flies to the houses near which paulownia grows, bringing happiness on its wings.
The positive factors in the cultivation of the Adam's tree are its active growth and a rapidly developing root system, which makes it possible to plant areas under the threat of erosion.
Also, these features of the plant are used when replanting areas burned out by fires.
Paulownia, which gives a thick shade and is characterized by active photosynthesis, is in demand for landscaping megalopolises, and its foliage, which is similar in protein content and quality to alfalfa, is a quality raw material for forage production.
Adam's tree: application
The flowers of the Adam's tree, possessing a vanilla aroma with a light hint of almond, are successfully used in the manufacture of creams and perfumes, and in some European countries, filled with cream, they are considered a delicious delicacy.
Bees collect wonderful honey from paulownia flowers: fragrant, transparent, light, the quality characteristics of which can be compared with an equivalent product from acacia.
Adam's tree honey is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems.
The medicinal properties of paulownia in Chinese medicine have been known since ancient times; on industrial basis from the leaves, which contain a huge amount of useful substances, medicines are made. Their action is aimed at improving the functioning of internal organs.
Quality characteristics of paulownia wood
Adam's tree is a plant that is characterized by such valuable qualities as resistance to moisture absorption, low fire hazard and the ability to accumulate the substance tannin, which prevents termites and grinder beetles from eating the tree.
That is why adam wood is used in the manufacture of various products: from parts for ships and aircraft structures to toys and musical instruments.
Paulownia does not absorb wood varnish and epoxy resins, which, together with its low water permeability, makes it the optimal raw material for the production of sports equipment: skis, boats, surfboards, snowboards.
Paulownia bloom
Adam's tree is a real find for those who want to acquire an actively growing crop on their site with a minimum amount of effort. The plant is able to actively develop in a tub or large capacity. Even grown from seed, it will delight you with excellent results.
Please note: this is not an “Adam's apple” tree (otherwise - maklura), do not confuse them. Flowering occurs after 3-5 years of planting and lasts for 6 weeks - such an enchanting sight before the leaves open.
The Adam's tree, the flower of which is incredibly beautiful and fragrant, is quite capable of withstanding slight short-term frosts.
In case of freezing of the trunk and branches, it can easily revive in the spring: new young shoots will appear from the roots and in outdoor conditions will have time to grow to a height of 1.5-3.0 meters, before the onset of new cold weather. The root of the Adam's tree is multi-rod, in depth it can reach 4.5-6 meters.
Seed propagation
The Adam's tree at home is easily propagated by seeds, which are enough to pour onto the surface of fertile soil, sprinkle with water from a spray bottle on top and cover with glass, creating a kind of greenhouse. The germination period of seeds is six months.
From the moment the shoots appear (this happens after two weeks), the latter should be accustomed to natural conditions: ventilate every day by raising the glass and gradually increasing the time. After 10 days, the glass can be removed completely, and the matured plants can be planted in separate medium-sized containers.
Propagation by cuttings and root suckers
It is less problematic to grow from cuttings and root suckers, which in the summer-autumn period must be carefully separated from the mother plant and rooted in a nutritious substrate. In the spring, you can plant in a permanent place of growth, leaving 2-3 cm of the stem above the soil surface.
Young trees grow from where they are cut, so a tall cutting will cause the trunk to bend and the quality of the wood will deteriorate. Usually a young plant grows in the form of two shoots. One of them, weaker, needs to be removed upon reaching 10 cm height.
Otherwise, the tree may take the form of a bush.
Growing conditions
The Adam's tree, which even an inexperienced gardener can take care of, easily adapts to the soil, it is important to ensure high soil moisture only during the first period of growth, especially during spring planting. Plants planted in autumn will have enough natural precipitation.
Potted Adam's tree can be planted in summer. The seedling must be carefully removed from the pot along with an earthen lump and planted in a prepared hole 60 to 80 cm deep, 60 cm in diameter.Since the root system of the Adam's tree is deep enough, it is recommended to loosen the soil at the bottom of the hole.
For backfilling, use a mixture of sand, compost and turf. This can be done with a garden pitchfork. The optimal soil for paulownia is sandy loam, the tree can also grow on clay and sandy soils. Planting the Adam's tree is required to be done in open sunny areas.
Undesirable, but partial shadows can be tolerated.
The tree looks beautiful when planted alone among the lawn, lawn or against the background of low bushes. It is not recommended to plant it next to other trees, because the paulownia root system can suppress the growth of neighbors.
Adam tree care
The vegetative period of the Adam's tree begins in mid-April and lasts until early May. Care consists in the timely removal of weeds; this is especially true at the beginning of the growth of seedlings.
Watering is regular: 1-2 times a week, especially in the first two years of the tree's life. It is required to moisturize the plant abundantly, at the root. The moisture requirement of paulownia will decrease as the root system fully develops, capable of extracting moisture from the deep layers of the soil.
Top dressing should be done during the first year of the tree's life once a week with high-nitrogen fertilizers, adding them to the water. An excellent top dressing for the Adam's tree will be a good layer of mulch in the trunk circle. Hay, dry leaves, straw, compost, peat are used as mulch.
Sometimes weed infusion can be added to the irrigation water.
Of the pests, a slug is a danger to the Adam tree. You can protect yourself from it by adding spruce or pine needles, oak bark and leaves to the mulch. You can plant a tree with rosemary or cucumber grass.
Fast growing paulownia tree
"Princess Tree" - Paulownia
Have you ever heard of industrial plantations of fast-growing timber? I was interested in this information of a fast-growing forest, when a full-fledged tree grows so quickly - in eight years.
And it reproduces even after the cut - shoots grow directly from the stump. This Paulownia tree is decorative and flowering.
Paulownia - 17 plant species in the Paulowniaceae family.
They are native to North America. Many of them grow in China, Laos and Vietnam. They have long been grown in Japan and Korea.
Paulownia is deciduous trees 12-15 m tall, with large, heart-shaped leaves.
Flowers are produced in early spring (panicles 10-30 cm long), with a tubular purple corolla, reminiscent of foxglove flowers. The fruits are dry capsules containing thousands of tiny seeds.
In Ukraine (in the Odessa region), for the first time, they intend to plant an industrial plantation of fast-growing Paulownia felt trees in the coming year - only 1000 hectares. This is an interesting project for the production of valuable timber.
Pavlovnia, now usually spelled Paulownia, was named after Anna Pavlovna, Queen of the Netherlands (1795-1865), daughter of the Russian Tsar Paul I. The plant is also called the "princess tree" for the same reason.
Paulownia, as you know, was brought from America to the Eurasian continent by one of the first colonizers. The tree requires sterile soil because its seeds are easily killed by soil fungi.
In fact, it is difficult to start breeding Paulownia trees with seeds. For successful plantations, it is better to purchase rootstocks or seedlings, then they will spread on their own.
Paulownia needs a lot of light and doesn't like high water tables.
It is noteworthy that seeds, seedlings, roots and even mature trees are susceptible to decay, but the wood itself does not decay. It is widely used to build boats and surfboards.
In China, it is popular as an ornamental tree for roadside planting.
Paulownia wood is also becoming increasingly popular in the manufacture of electric guitars and other musical instruments.
Paulownia is also used in agroforestry systems because it grows rapidly. This tree is strong, its flowers are rich in nectar and the leaves are good food for farm animals.
In Japan, it is customary to plant a Paulownia tree when a girl is born into a family, and then her wood turns into a chest of drawers as wedding gift when she gets married.
Paulownia wood is used to make beautiful boxes in which tools are stored. If the wood is burned, then the coal formed from it is used for drawing and as a powder for fireworks, and the bark turns into a silvery-gray paint.
More recently, it has been used to make light touring skis.
Paulownia grows extremely rapidly; up to 20 feet in one year. Some types of Paulownia plantations provide raw materials for sawn timber after five years. After the trees are cut down, they regenerate from the root systems remaining in the ground, and therefore have earned themselves the name "Phoenix trees".
The forest harvest of Paulownia has a number of requirements - Paulownia develops well only in very well drained soils, with summer precipitation and availability of water for irrigation.
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Paulownia qualities
Paulownia isn't just another exotic tree. It is difficult to list all the areas in which it is used or different parts of it, without missing any. Wood, leaves, flowers - they all have properties that we can use.
The plant as a whole - with its accelerated growth, is a small treasure for ecologists. They discovered that paulownia, with its rapidly growing root system, is an extremely suitable tree for afforestation of areas under the threat of erosion.
This has long been a routine practice in some countries - for example, in the United States, where there is a constant problem with erosion.
Paulownia is also suitable for re-afforestation of burnt forest stands; in addition to the obvious advantages, the serous amount of leaf mass after leaf fall provides a quick fertilization of the affected area.
A lamp made of driftwood (+ Photo)
Of course, her extraordinary qualities have made her a must-see for parks and gardens, not only in Asia, but also in the USA and Europe.
Huge leaves and a large crown, while growing without the need for cultivation for many years, provide a thick, dense shade in places of rest; the paulownia parks laid out in this way provide pleasant, cool corners in the midst of hot and stifling cities.
It's not even worth talking about what a huge (photosynthesizing) green area this leaf mass represents and how much carbon dioxide it processes. If there is a tree about whose representatives one can say “lungs of cities”, then it is paulownia.
Biomass: Wood - the Fuel of the Future?
The leaves themselves have a size of about 75 cm in diameter, so it is not surprising that they need a huge amount of carbon dioxide for growth, respectively - a huge amount of oxygen released into the atmosphere during their photosynthesis.
Paulownia leaf pulp is suitable for the production of forage for herbivores - it contains approximately 20% protein and its qualities are close to those of alfalfa.
Availability and high yield ensure low cost of feeding - one of the most important indicators when choosing fodder in industrial animal husbandry. Only this is not the only thing that paulownia leaves are valued for.
It has been found that they contain substances that have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the liver, kidneys and gallbladder, as well as work well for problems with the lungs. In China, these properties have been known for a long time, even the pharmaceutical industry is engaged in the industrial production of drugs based on paulownia.
The leaves have other properties - their use in cosmetics in Asian countries is as old as their use in medicine, but for Europe it is a novelty; only in recent years, extracts from paulownia leaves have been included in creams and perfumes.
The same applies to flowers - the aroma of paulownia flowers is defined as “vanilla, powdery and slightly almond”. It was established that this is due to the heliotropin contained in the aroma - a substance known in perfumery and present in other aromas (eg Tahitian vanilla). The analysis of the aroma of blooming paulownia was carried out by the so-called “GC mass spec” method, based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
NewspaperWood: newspaper wood
We cannot but pay attention to another part of the wonderful paulownia - these are large flowers that are strewn with its branches every spring. In addition to beauty, they are also distinguished by a strong, fragrant aroma. Bees, however, appreciate their advantages and that is why honey of remarkable quality is obtained in the hives located near the paulownia forests.
Paulownia honey is light, transparent, very light and fragrant; in color and consistency, it can only be compared with acacia honey. Likewise, it is of the highest quality. In addition to being a delicacy, it also serves as a medicine.
Its properties are known to have a beneficial effect and help in the treatment of bronchitis and other diseases of the lungs and respiratory system, and also improves the function of the gallbladder, liver and digestion in general. These qualities of paulownia honey are due to the biologically active substances found in its flowers, so nothing that the flowers themselves are eaten.
In addition to the Chinese experience in this regard, we cannot miss the recently fashionable use of paulownia flowers in the form of horns with cream - it may sound like an exotic dessert, but it is already part of the menu of many European restaurants.
Even the seeds of this wonderful plant have their own uses: back in the 19th century, they were used for packaging when transporting expensive, thin, Chinese porcelain. In fact, in this way, paulownia found its way to the territory of the United States.
The qualities of paulownia can be seen in this comparative table:
Comparative characteristics of the growth rate of the first 7 species of fast-growing trees on the planet.
The table shows that the species from the genus Paulownia spp. Have the fastest growth, incomparable with any other tree species.
Dendrotherapy - take energy from nature
Of all these species, paulownia is the most undemanding to the quality of the soil. It easily adapts to different types of soil, only the only and specific condition is the presence of high humidity in the first years of its development.
The plant lives for a long time - from 70 to 100 years, which in itself is an exception compared to other fast-growing trees. When choosing a type of paulownia, it is necessary to take into account its resistance to low temperatures.
It is known that Paulownia tomentosa can withstand temperatures down to -27 ° C, Paulownia elongata - up to -16 ° C, and Paulownia fortunei cannot withstand temperatures below 0 ° C at all.
Welboy LLC provides planting material paulownia, which has not only rapid growth, but also a high tolerance to low temperatures in our country.
Paulownia - wood for yachts, snowboards and musical instruments (Video)
As already mentioned, paulownia species with their growth of 1 cubic meter in 7-8 years are the fastest growing on the planet. At a time when, before innovations in production or agriculture, it is necessary to think about whether we will harm nature, when technological progress is measured by the degree of protection of nature, paulownia again becomes a small wealth.
The rapid growth of the tree is extremely suitable for producing biomass in a short time. Many growers are already implementing this practice on their farms; densely planted paulownias in a short time achieve the necessary development without taking up much of the cultivated area. The whole plant is used as a whole: trunk, leaf mass, etc.
Paulownia biomass is suitable both for ensiling (respectively for feeding animals) and for many other purposes, among which is its use as a raw material for alternative, renewable energy sources. One of the most promising uses of paulownia is bioethanol, derived from its cellulose.
In addition to the numerous areas in which it is used on this moment Some scientists see it as the fuel of the future - easy production and application without environmental risks.
There are two methods of obtaining bioethanol: the first is with the help of microorganisms cultivated for this purpose, using cellulose as an energy source and emitting ethanol as a result of metabolic processes; the second is based on the action of certain enzymes that decompose cellulose to the desired product.
Although the second method is cheaper and more commonly used, both methods have a future and their advantages. As we have already explained, paulownia biomass is a suitable raw material for the production of bioethanol, but far from the only one.
After processing paulownia, when wood is obtained, branches and other parts naturally remain, which are formally called waste, but they are not only not thrown away, but are another source of cellulose for the production of bioethanol.
Thus, the cultivation and processing of paulownia is not only included naturally into the circulation of substances in nature, but also actively contributes to the ecological balance and preservation of the nature of our planet. From cellulose, plants also get the most sensational ones in recent years - pellets. They are used as biofuel for pellet boilers that heat a single house or entire houses, as well as used for industrial purposes, as their use is constantly evolving. Easy and cheap production of biomass is possible due to the following qualities of paulownia:
- does not require re-planting; even with low pruning, a new tree grows from the hemp, which at the same time grows even faster, since the root system of the plant is sufficiently developed.
- the trunk can be cut at any time, regardless of the season and there is no time for harvesting.
Virtually nothing is lost from the paulownia tree; nothing pollutes or changes the environment. In this sense, without exaggeration, we can call this tree the “Tree of the Future”, because our earth has a future only when we treat our resources wisely and with the necessary care.
One of the interesting qualities of the paulownia tree is the remarkable properties of its wood. The first is its versatility.
Although it has been used for centuries, today we never cease to be amazed at the many uses of this wood, including those that we are just learning about.
Of course, the incentive to continue looking for new uses of wood is its low cost. After comparing the price with its qualities, it becomes clear that we are not far from the ideal wood.
The first impression that paulownia wood makes is its incredible lightness. This is the reason for its preference in the manufacture of parts where low weight is of decisive importance, such as aircraft structures or parts of ships.
It is also highly valued as a material for boxes, pallets and finished products for transportation, as it reduces the total weight of goods; this leads to a decrease in fuel consumption, an increase in the volume of transported products, and this, in turn, to lower prices for transportation, which is finally the main goal of logistics companies.
Recently, this type of wood is preferred in interior solutions in the production of cars. The combination of her qualities makes her suitable, lightness is only one of them.
Other such qualities are low moisture content and low fire hazard. wood material from paulownia.
The reason for this is its hard fibrous structure associated with the particular structure of its cells. This is what makes paulownia the preferred material for steam rooms and furniture.
Its qualities make it suitable for almost everything: for children's toys, for blinds, for parquet floors and last but not least for musical instruments. The material is distinguished by its acoustic properties familiar to Asian craftsmen. Recently, European musical instruments have also been made from paulownia wood, but development in this area is still ahead.
Often, as a lack of paulownia, its low hardness is indicated. Yes, this is true, and in many areas of its application this is a big plus. There are, of course, those in which it is necessary that the material be solid. In these cases, it is common practice to veneer hard rocks wood, such as walnut.
The difference in price of a similar product, in comparison with the same made from walnut as a whole, is very large.
There is also a difference in the weight of both materials, and last but not least, it is worth noting that in most countries of service fire department would be horrified to see a house made of mostly walnut wood, while paulownia wood (due to its low resin content) is most likely difficult to ignite.
In fact, many manufacturers are currently using paulownia to make invisible pieces of furniture; thus they achieve lightness, stability, low price and resistance to deformation of their products. We cannot help but notice that woody material from paulownia is not eaten by grinder beetles.
Paulownia is often compared to balsa wood. It cannot be denied that the latter also has its own qualities, but nevertheless considering in more detail, paulownia surpasses it in several respects.
First of all, unlike balsa, it does not absorb varnishes and epoxy resins, even water, as we have already mentioned. This is the reason for its preference in the manufacture not only of benches for steam rooms, but also for different types competitive boats - combined with lightness and low price.
Its use in sports is not limited to this, surfboards, snowboards and skis are made from it.
In the furnishings of the house, it is almost impossible to find a place where paulownia wood would not be desirable - except for blinds, lining and furniture, after facing with hard rocks, beautiful parquet is made from it.
Especially for lovers of applied arts, we declare that paulownia is a material that wood carvers are happy to process precisely because of its softness, combined with a difficult fire and no deformation, it is an ideal material for the most complex carvings.
And not in the last place in the list of qualities of this wood, it is its smoothness and absence of knots. A very interesting quality of paulownia beams, hold the screws at the very edge and do not break apart, look at the photos:
The above facts strongly prove that paulownia is not just another type of tree - it is another way to do business. It is no coincidence that it is called "Wood-Oil Well", it will really bring you money.
Energy, farming, art or science - whatever area your business interests are, there will be a place for paulownia - the Tree of the Future. With its help, this future will be more confident, warmer and safer.
There is always time to take advantage of opportunities, and yet the best moment is now!
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The world of plants. paulownia (Adam's tree)
DESCRIPTION:
The genus Paulownia is the only representative of the family of the same name Paulowniaceae. Seven types of deciduous trees are found today in almost all regions of the planet with a suitable warm, humid climate.
However, the trees of the genus are quite capable of withstanding short-term severe frosts. But, even in the case of freezing of the branches and trunk, Paulownia revives in spring: new shoots appear from the roots, which in outdoor conditions manage to grow 1.5–3 m in height before the onset of the next cold season.
Trees are prized for their magnificent late spring bloom, beautiful foliage and fast growth rates.
Large original flowers resemble gloxinia flowers in shape, they are collected in large apical paniculate inflorescences. The color of the flowers is purple or almost white. The capsule fruit contains numerous small, winged seeds.
In botany, you rarely find names derived from the Russian language, but this genus is an exception.
It received its modern name from the patronymic of the daughter of Emperor Paul I, Anna, but since ancient times, Paulownia has been called in China the Princess Tree, Dragon Tree (dragons were considered a symbol of power), Adam's tree (for its ability to revive). It is successfully grown in a greenhouse, park, garden and indoor culture.
Paulownia leaves have a characteristic shape, they are three-lobed or heart-shaped, with pronounced teeth, whole-edged. The green leaf blade serves as a good background for bright purple, pink, cream tubular flowers, collected in long, up to 30 cm, upright brushes.
Paulownia is a real boon for those interested in growing a fast growing tree with a minimum of hassle. It will thrive well in a large container or tub, and will give excellent results even when grown from seed. Flowering begins at 3-5 years of age and lasts about six weeks annually.
GROWING:
Seed propagation does not require much trouble. It is enough to pour the seeds onto the surface of a well-spilled nutritious light soil, sprinkle it from a spray bottle on top, cover with glass. Seedlings will appear in two weeks.
From this moment, the sprouts begin to gradually accustom them to normal conditions: every day they raise the glass, each time lengthening the airing time, until after about 10 days they completely abandon the content in the "greenhouse".
When the plants are a little stronger, they are planted in separate pots of medium diameter.
There are two main difficulties with this method:
- plant young plants in a timely manner, choose the right moment when they are already strong enough, but the roots did not have time to grow and get entangled with each other.
Growing from root suckers and cuttings is less problematic. The offspring (cutting) is carefully separated from the mother plant in late summer or autumn, rooted in a nutrient substrate and planted in a permanent place in the spring.
In this case, the stem should rise 2–3 cm above the ground. Usually two shoots appear from it. It is necessary to wait until they grow to about 10 cm in length, and remove the weaker one.
Otherwise, the tree may take the form of a shrub.
Beneficial features
The large flowers of the tree are distinguished not only by their beauty, but also by their aroma, which is appreciated by bees. The honey obtained from the flowers of the adam tree can be compared with acacia honey: it is light, transparent, light, very fragrant.
Honey from Adam tree flowers
Differs in high quality, used in medicine in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system, including bronchitis, as well as digestion, including the liver and gallbladder.
"Magic" properties of wood
The wood of adam wood is extraordinarily light. Therefore, it is good to use it for aircraft structures or parts of ships.
Another important property is a low moisture content (10-12%) and, accordingly, a low fire hazard. Parts made of paulownia wood do not deform, as they are resistant to moisture absorption. Therefore, wood is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products: from children's toys to musical instruments (the latter due to its good acoustic properties).
Paulownia wood accumulates a substance called tannin, which makes it resistant to termites and grinder beetles.
Valuable wood species
Paulownia does not absorb varnishes, epoxy resins, which, in combination with low water permeability, makes it preferred in the manufacture of racing boats, surfboards, skis and snowboards. Lightness and low price are also attractive properties.
DISEASES AND PESTS:
Aphid, scale insect, black leg.
REPRODUCTION:
Cuttings, root suckers, seeds.
SOURCES: HERE and HERE
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Adam's tree, or royal paulownia
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Paulownia, or Adam's tree, is a genus of plants in the Paulowniaceae family. Currently, the genus Paulownia includes 7 species and 2 subspecies. These trees are predominantly distributed in Southeast Asia: in China, on the Korean Peninsula, in Taiwan, in Laos, in Vietnam, in Japan.
It also occurs in our country as a cultivated (introduced) species in the Russian Far East, the southern coast of Crimea and the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea. Many cities of the former Soviet republics (in Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan) began to be greened with paulownia.
It is difficult to grow these trees in the northern regions due to cold winter, in which the shoots are often heavily frozen over.
A bit of history
In Russia, they tried to grow paulownia at the beginning of the twentieth century. According to documents, the first tests were carried out at the Imperial Botanical Garden of Peter the Great in 1911. For some time, until 1917, several specimens grew in greenhouses.
But since the tree grows quickly, it cannot be kept in indoor collections for a long time. Subsequent repeated attempts to grow paulownia outdoors in northwestern Russia have yielded no positive results.
The specimens that were in the nursery before 1940 died in the winter of 1941-1942. Since 1946, plants have been grown in nurseries from seeds obtained from France: some of them died by 1956, others in 1962.
However, despite the fact that the trees were frozen almost every year to the soil level, over the summer they gave shoots up to 1.0–1.5 m.
Several more attempts were made in 1964 and 1993.
The beauty…
Paulownia are deciduous trees with a spreading crown. They are quite large, slender and tall - they reach 8–15 and even 20–30 m. Externally, paulownias are somewhat similar to catalpa, but they are not related to it in any way.
Leaves are simple or weakly lobed, without stipules, long-petiolate (from 5 to 15 cm) with a large heart-shaped leaf blade (from 20-25 to 35-40 cm in diameter). The leaf arrangement in paulownia is opposite. The flowers are also large, 3-4 to 5-6 cm long, funnel-shaped. They are white, white-pinkish-purple, pink-purple, and even light purple.
The flowers are collected in large loose terminal conical inflorescences that form at the ends of the shoots. Paulownia blooms in early spring before the leaves appear and looks incredibly beautiful at the same time. The fruit is a dry, opening bivalve capsule, firmly adhering to the plant, falls off, as a rule, after winter, during the period of new flowering. Small seeds - up to 0.5 cm, with a lionfish.
In favorable conditions, the tree forms many viable seeds, which germinate well and amicably, forming massive self-seeding. And this has led to the fact that at present, for example, in the USA, Japan, Romania, Bulgaria and a number of other European countries, paulownia woolly has naturalized and is even considered an invasive species among exotic trees.
In the United States, the American Paulownia Association, Inc. has existed since 1991. But at the very beginning it was imported as a highly decorative, beautiful and long-blooming promising new plant for urban greening, giving excellent shade in the summer.
Paulownia can grow on any soil, but it prefers rich, structured and moist, well-drained soils. She loves sheltered from the wind. Large windage of trees is a serious problem, especially during storms and hurricanes - paulownia branches easily break from strong winds. However, paulownia is valuable because it can grow back quickly after damage.
In addition to seed reproduction, paulownia also forms root shoots. Accordingly, it can be propagated vegetatively in the winter-spring period. Stem cuttings are cut in spring or fall. With seed reproduction, seeds are sown either in the fall before winter in prepared boxes, or in early spring.
Among the diseases of paulownia, a defeat is noted different kinds fungi, including powdery mildew, as well as other species that cause leaf spots, ulcers on the shoots.
... and benefits
In countries where paulownia grows, since ancient times it has been used on the farm. For example, in China and Japan, porcelain products were packed in paulownia seeds before being shipped on a long journey, until synthetic analogues were invented. Fatty oil was obtained from the seeds, which was used for technical needs.
In Japan, at the birth of a child (usually a girl), paulownia was planted in the courtyard, and chests for dowry were prepared from wood for the wedding. Household items and ritual figurines were also carved from wood. Paulownia wood is quite a valuable material. It is light in color, reminiscent of white ash, can be easily dyed and used to imitate other species.
The wood is characterized by a silky sheen and a silky touch. The rapid growth of paulownia, relatively easy cultivation, a large mass of wood - all this contributed to the fact that this plant was used on the farm.
Thanks to high temperature fires - about 400 0С - in the 18th and 19th centuries in some eastern countries, chests were made from it for storing things. Currently, paulownia wood is used to make unique and luxurious furniture, veneer for finishing the cabins of expensive yachts and light aircraft.
Also, sports equipment, various decorative gizmos and traditional Asian string instruments are carved from it. According to modern research, paulownia is also a medicinal plant. Paulownia tomentosa has been used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. It is also called the imperial paulownia.
Raw materials - leaves and bark of young branches - are used to treat bronchial diseases. Currently, in the USA, Japan and China, based on this plant, new drugs have been developed for the treatment of certain types of tumors: pulmonary sarcoma, adenosarcoma, malignant melanoma, tumor lesions of the central nervous system and colon adenocarcinoma.
You can talk about paulownia for a long time. However, if conditions permit, it is better to try to grow it yourself. If you succeed, this wonderful tree will decorate your garden indescribably.
Queen's tree
The name "paulownia" also has interesting story... Philip Franz von Siebold, a Dutch physician and naturalist, brought the first tree seeds to Europe from Japan. Daughter Russian emperor Paul I - Anna Pavlovna, Queen of the Netherlands, was amazed at the beauty of this plant.
In 1835, Philip Siebold and Josef Zuccarini decided to name the tree in her honor, patronymic. First, this genus of plants was attributed to the Norichnikov family, then it was transferred to the Bignoniev family.
Now species of this genus are included in their own family of Paulowniaceae - Paulowniaceae.
A little about the names
In the countries of Southeast Asia, paulownia is called the emerald tree, the empress's tree or the regal tree. According to one of the legends, the phoenix bird can sit on the empress's tree only when a good ruler is in power.
In Japan, paulownia (korrinoku) occupies an important place in culture and official political life. This plant is depicted on the Order of the Rising Sun, established in 1875, and on one of the country's coins.
The offices of some of Japan's top leaders are decorated with symbolic images of paulownia. In Europe, the plant received a more prosaic name - Adam's tree, in association with the fig leaf of a ficus (fig), which Adam allegedly used instead of clothes.
And in England, paulownia is called fox gloves, since its flowers resemble those of a foxglove, but with a hard and short ocher-red pubescence.
Paulownia - cultivation, reproduction, planting and care
Paulownia in Latin Paulownia tomentosa, or Adam's tree, can also be pronounced "Paulownia" - an ornamental tree. Scientists gave this name to the plant, in honor of the daughter of Emperor Paul1, Anna Pavlovna.
Anna, they could not name, since such a name already existed, so it was decided to give the name by patronymic. Paulownia in Latin Paulownia, or Adam's tree, can also be pronounced "Paulownia" - an ornamental tree.
Description of the tree
In nature, there are about 10 species of this plant. China is considered the homeland, where you can often see wildly growing trees. The tree is large, deciduous with a lush and spreading crown.
The leaves are opposite and very large, sometimes three-lobed or deeply toothed. Large flowers, dark purple in color, some varieties are white, collected in inflorescences.
The fruit is a capsule with small seeds.
Types and varieties of paulownia
Any gardener who once saw a flowering paulownia tree will certainly wish to see this plant in his area. Very beautiful flowers and a powerful, lush crown of the tree does not leave anyone indifferent. In our article about the most popular varieties and types of this wonderful tree.
- Paulownia Shang-Tong is a hybrid between Felt and Fortunay. These species were crossed because of their hardiness and frost resistance. The plant is characterized by fast growth, straight stem and small crown. Because of this, more trees can be planted in one area;
- Paulownia Felt is very resistant to cold and severe frosts. The cultivation is widespread in Europe as an ornamental tree. Slow growth;
- Paulownia Elongated - a thermophilic species, the crown spreading is average. Suitable for growing more warm countries: Italy, Spain. Grows quickly, tolerates heat well;
- Paulownia Fortchuna is a very thermophilic species. The growth of the trunk is straight, the crown is narrow. It grows mainly in the southern regions of China, Europe and Africa. This variety has a very high quality wood. This quality is used in industrial production;
- Paulownia Catalpolis is a very slow growing type of paulownia suitable for the most patient gardeners. The growth rate appears only after 3-4 years. The growth is 1-2 cm per year. Thanks to these features, good plywood is obtained from this tree. For this reason, the price of paulownia products is very high. This view, tolerates low temperatures well;
- Paulownia Elongata is a fast-growing species, the growth can be two to three meters per year. Flowering in late May, early June. The flowers are lush pink-purple. Sturdy wood;
- Paulownia Kawakami - most often grown in China, in the southern regions. The lifespan reaches up to 100 years. Pavlovnia is considered the tree of the future. All parts of the plant are used as a potential source of income. The trunk of a tree can be cut down many times, and it will still grow.
Application of Paulownia
Paulownia wood is considered one of the strongest and at the same time one of the lightest and most flexible in nature.
The average mass of one cubic meter of paulownia is about 300 kg, which is several times lighter than oak wood and twice as pine. This is very important in some cases.
Paulownia is very resistant to moisture and resists deformation very well. Wood has a high fire resistance, which is not unimportant in construction and furniture manufacturing.
In ancient Japan, chests and cabinets were made, precisely from paulownia wood, to preserve their property from fire.
Epoxy resin, toxic varnishes and paints - all this paulownia does not absorb, besides this wood from this plant is characterized by low water permeability, which makes it indispensable in the manufacture of boats.
Paulownia wood is easily amenable to any processing; construction companies engaged in the manufacture of furniture choose this material. Musical instruments are also made from paulownia.
In some countries around the world, paulownia has become compulsory for planting in public places. The foliage is used to feed animals. In terms of quality and composition, it is similar to alfalfa. Paulownia is also a popular honey plant. The honey from the flowers of this tree is very fragrant and transparent, similar in quality to acacia honey.
Paulownia in the suburbs
Paulownia in Russia grows and blooms only in a few places - the Kuban, the Caucasus, the Stavropol and Kaliningrad regions, the south of Primorye. Unfortunately, the climate does not allow growing this plant in the Moscow region. It will certainly grow, but it will not bloom.
What crops is paulownia combined with
You can grow a tree together with other plants. Between the rows of trees, you can plant crops: corn, peas, soybeans, wheat, vegetables and medicinal plants. Paulownia trees create a healthy microclimate, have a good effect on the soil, which has a beneficial effect on all living things around.
How to choose a seedling
If you are choosing a seedling from the market or nursery, look at the roots and leaves. The roots should be with a well-developed system, at least 30 cm, without fractures or kinks. There should be no spots on the leaves - this is a sign of illness. The seedlings must undergo adaptation in greenhouses and only then can they be transplanted into open ground... The larger the plant, the better.
We choose the land for planting that is easily permeable to water and air, it should not be clay. Young seedlings need abundant and regular watering. If provided in the first two years drip irrigation, then the plant will grow very quickly. The pit should be 60-100 cm deep. The seedlings are planted from November to April.
How to care for paulownia
Regular watering, especially in the first years of a plant's life, is a must. Once the root has reached the desired size, there is no need for frequent watering. It is best if you organize drip irrigation on your site. Weeds pose a danger to young seedlings. Grain weeds must be fought with herbicides, and leafy weeds must be plucked by hand.
How to plant
For planting paulownia, two methods are suitable - by seeds and vegetatively. The seeds are obtained from the fruit. The fruits can be stored on the tree throughout the winter.
Fruiting in paulownia begins approximately 4-5 years after planting. If you decide to grow a tree using seeds, you should know that a plant planted in this way will grow slowly.
Therefore, this type of breeding is not popular among gardeners.
Propagation by cuttings produces a curved pillar. Cuttings should be kept in water before planting, because of this, there is a risk of root death. Nowadays, the method of propagation through woven cultures is gaining great popularity. Thanks to this method, plants develop better and they will have increased resistance to temperature extremes and diseases.
Pruning and shaping wood
Paulownia tree - from an early age forms like a standard tree. Up to a height of 1-1.5 meters, cleaning is best done by removing the buds before shoots develop. On an adult plant, only frozen or dried shoots are cut off. Paulownia is resistant even to very strong pruning. The procedure should be carried out in early spring.
Diseases and pests of paulownia
Aphids, scale insects and black leg are enemies of paulownia. How to deal with these diseases? By what means? And what can you do to prevent infections? Blackleg is a disease that most often occurs in young seedlings. The root collar turns black and rots, which naturally leads to the death of the plant.
In order to avoid problems with the black leg, you need to:
- Don't sow seeds too early;
- Ventilate the greenhouse regularly;
- Buy quality seeds;
- Adequate lighting;
- Steam the soil before planting;
- Disinfect the soil with a solution of potassium manganese.
The scale insect is a small shell-like insect. The insect is scary because at the beginning you will not even notice it on the plant. There are many types of scale insects, but they all have a common feature - a wax shield that covers the body. The danger is that this small insect sucks out all the juices of the plant.
You can defeat this disease with a lot of patience and work. If you find a shield on early stage, spraying the tree with ordinary insecticides will help, but when time is lost, then do it yourself. You need to put on gloves on your hands and, armed with a brush, clean the plant yourself. After cleaning, spray the plant with aktar solution.
Very often, aphids can attack trees. In order to prevent this, trees need to be treated with special preparations every spring. Thus, you will destroy the overwintered eggs of insects and prevent the attacks of the next.
Treat with such means: Spark, Decis, Intra Vit, Cyparmethrin and others. Also, you can try folk remedies: ash, laundry soap and water. Soap and ash are added to water, stirred thoroughly, and left for two days.
Trees are treated with this solution.
We wish you, dear gardeners, good flowering of your trees and fewer problems when growing them.
It's just some kind of miracle tree! Last night I accidentally found out about him and immediately lost my sleep :) I ordered seeds. I will grow!
View of the fastest growing trees in the world
A 1-year-old tree reaches 5 meters in height.
A 2-year-old tree reaches 8-10 meters in height.
A 5-year-old tree reaches 15-17 meters in height.
The trunks are strong, smooth and free from defects.
The tree can be cut down to the stump every spring.
The maximum height of an adult tree is 20-25 meters.
The wood is almost 4 times lighter than oak and half lighter than pine.
Highest strength-to-weight ratio among woody species.
The ability to withstand deformation under load (MOR coefficient) is 843 kg per cm2.
The size of the leaves of a young tree is about 75 cm in diameter (huge!)
After leaf fall, it provides a quick fertilization of the affected area.
Leaves need a huge amount of carbon dioxide for growth, respectively, a huge amount of oxygen is released into the atmosphere during their photosynthesis.
The leaves act as dust collectors and accelerated metabolism, accompanying rapid growth, make a real oxygen factory out of paulownia.
Best helper in windbreaker belts, burned-out reforestation, and erosion control planting.
A real wealth for environmentalists! The tree, with its fast growing root system, is extremely suitable for reforestation!
And yet, it is an excellent honey plant!
Paulownia honey is light, transparent, very light and fragrant; in color and consistency, it can only be compared with acacia honey. Likewise, it is of the highest quality. In addition to being a delicacy, it also serves as a medicine. Its properties are known to have a beneficial effect and help in the treatment of bronchitis and other diseases of the lungs and respiratory system, and also improves the function of the gallbladder, liver and digestion in general. These qualities of paulownia honey are due to the biologically active substances found in its flowers, so nothing that the flowers themselves are eaten. In addition to the Chinese experience in this regard, we cannot miss the recently fashionable use of paulownia flowers in the form of horns with cream - it may sound like an exotic dessert, but it is already part of the menu of many European restaurants.
Paulownia leaf pulp is suitable for the production of forage for herbivores - it contains approximately 20% protein and its qualities are close to those of alfalfa. Availability and high yield ensure low cost of feeding - one of the most important indicators when choosing fodder in industrial animal husbandry.
It has been found that they contain substances that have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the liver, kidneys and gallbladder, as well as work well for problems with the lungs. In China, these properties have been known for a long time, even the pharmaceutical industry is engaged in the industrial production of drugs based on paulownia. The leaves have other properties - their use in cosmetics in Asian countries is as old as their use in medicine, but for Europe it is a novelty; only in recent years, extracts from paulownia leaves have been included in creams and perfumes.
Even the seeds of this wonderful plant have their own uses: back in the 19th century, they were used for packaging when transporting expensive, thin, Chinese porcelain.
Paulownia biomass is suitable both for ensiling (respectively for feeding animals) and for many other purposes, among which is its use as a raw material for alternative, renewable energy sources.
One of the most promising uses of paulownia is bioethanol, derived from its cellulose. In addition to the numerous areas in which it is currently used, some scientists see it as the fuel of the future - easy production and application without risks to the environment. There are two methods of obtaining bioethanol: the first is with the help of microorganisms cultivated for this purpose, using cellulose as an energy source and emitting ethanol as a result of metabolic processes; the second is based on the action of certain enzymes that decompose cellulose to the desired product. Although the second method is cheaper and more commonly used, both methods have a future and their advantages. As we have already explained, paulownia biomass is a suitable raw material for the production of bioethanol, but far from the only one. After processing paulownia, when wood is obtained, branches and other parts naturally remain, which are formally called waste, but they are not only not thrown away, but are another source of cellulose for the production of bioethanol. Thus, the cultivation and processing of paulownia is not only naturally included in the cycle of substances in nature, but also actively contributes to the ecological balance and preservation of the nature of our planet. From cellulose, plants also get the most sensational ones in recent years - pellets. They are used as biofuel for pellet boilers that heat a single house or entire houses, as well as used for industrial purposes, as their use is constantly evolving. Easy and cheap production of biomass is possible due to the following qualities of paulownia:
Does not require replanting; even with low pruning, a new tree grows from the hemp, which at the same time grows even faster, since the root system of the plant is sufficiently developed.
The trunk can be cut at any time, regardless of the season and there is no time for harvesting.
Virtually nothing is lost from the paulownia tree; nothing pollutes or changes the environment. In this sense, without exaggeration, we can call this tree the “Tree of the Future”, because our earth has a future only when we treat our resources wisely and with the necessary care.
One of the interesting qualities of the paulownia tree is the remarkable properties of its wood. The first is its versatility. Although it has been used for centuries, today we never cease to be amazed at the many uses of this wood, including those that we are just learning about. Of course, the incentive to continue looking for new uses of wood is its low cost. After comparing the price with its qualities, it becomes clear that we are not far from the ideal wood.
The first impression that paulownia wood makes is its incredible lightness. This is the reason for its preference in the manufacture of parts where low weight is of decisive importance, such as aircraft structures or parts of ships. It is also highly valued as a material for boxes, pallets and finished products for transportation, as it reduces the total weight of goods; this leads to a decrease in fuel consumption, an increase in the volume of transported products, and this, in turn, to lower prices for transportation, which is finally the main goal of logistics companies. Recently, this type of wood is preferred in interior solutions in the production of cars. The combination of her qualities makes her suitable, lightness is only one of them.
Another such quality is the low moisture content and low fire hazard of paulownia wood material. The water content in wood is of the order of 10-12%, it is difficult to absorb water, as a result of which parts made from such wood do not deform, as we are usually used to seeing wooden parts exposed to moisture. The reason for this is its hard fibrous structure associated with the particular structure of its cells. This is what makes paulownia the preferred material for steam rooms and furniture. Its qualities make it suitable for almost everything: for children's toys, for blinds, for parquet floors and last but not least for musical instruments. The material is distinguished by its acoustic properties familiar to Asian craftsmen. Recently, European musical instruments have also been made from paulownia wood, but development in this area is still ahead.
In the furnishings of the house, it is almost impossible to find a place where paulownia wood would not be desirable - except for blinds, lining and furniture, after facing with hard rocks, beautiful parquet is made from it. Especially for lovers of applied arts, we declare that paulownia is a material that wood carvers are happy to process precisely because of its softness, combined with a difficult fire and no deformation, it is an ideal material for the most complex carvings. And not in the last place in the list of qualities of this wood, it is its smoothness and absence of knots. A very interesting quality of paulownia beams, hold the screws at the very edge and do not break apart, look at the photos:
The Adam tree (Paulownia) is the only fast growing tree in the Paulowniaceae family. The plant is named Paulownia in honor of the Dutch queen Anna Pavlovna, daughter of the Russian Emperor Paul I, the tree is also called “princess tree”. In Japan, the tree is called "kiri", in China - "dragon tree".
What it looks like
It is a beautiful tree with a spreading ovoid or rounded crown. The leaves are large, wide, velvety, with long petioles. Bright purple bell flowers are collected in paniculate inflorescences up to 30 cm long. The barrel is cylindrical. The height of the tree is 15-20 m. The fruits are a box with many small winged seeds.
In Europe, it received the name Adam's tree by association with a fig tree, the leaves of which Adam used instead of clothing.
Adam's tree grows in Southeast Asia and the Far East. It also grows in Russia, in the Caucasus, southern and western regions of Ukraine, in the south of Crimea. Paulownia felt is cultivated in parks and gardens in Europe and North America. Well suited for growing in warm, humid climates.
The Adam's tree, thanks to its rapid growth, rapidly developing root system, helps to plant areas that are threatened by erosion. Also, these properties of the plant help with re-afforestation of areas affected by fires. A significant amount of hardwood provides good fertilization of the affected land.
The dense crown gives a dense shade, as well as active photosynthesis, make the plant popular for urban greening.
Paulownia foliage is suitable for forage production, since it is close to quality and protein content (20%), and it also has a low cost.
The flowers of the plant in Europe are used in the manufacture of perfumes and creams. The aroma is defined as vanilla, slightly almond.
Flower horns filled with cream are considered a delicacy in some European restaurants.
The seeds of adam tree were used for packaging during the transportation of Chinese fine china
Medical use
In China, it has been known for a long time medicinal properties paulownia, pharmacists industrially make medicines from the leaves to improve the functioning of the kidneys, liver and gallbladder. Also, the substances contained in the leaves have a beneficial effect on the lungs.
Paulownia flower honey
The large flowers of the tree are distinguished not only by their beauty, but also by their aroma, which is appreciated by bees. The honey obtained from the flowers of the adam tree can be compared to honey from: it is light, transparent, light, very fragrant.
Differs in high quality, used in medicine in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory system, including bronchitis, as well as digestion, including the liver and gallbladder.
"Magic" properties of wood
The wood of adam wood is extraordinarily light. Therefore, it is good to use it for aircraft structures or parts of ships.
Another important property is a low moisture content (10-12%) and, accordingly, a low fire hazard. Parts made of paulownia wood do not deform, as they are resistant to moisture absorption. Therefore, wood is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products: from children's toys to musical instruments (the latter due to its good acoustic properties).
Paulownia wood accumulates a substance called tannin, which makes it resistant to termites and grinder beetles.
Paulownia does not absorb varnishes, epoxy resins, which, in combination with low water permeability, makes it preferred in the manufacture of racing boats, surfboards, skis and snowboards. Lightness and low cost are also attractive features.
Planting an adam tree
Propagated by seeds or root suckers. Seeds lose their germination after six months. You can plant cuttings. Adam's tree easily adapts to the soil, only high humidity is required in the first years of growth. Planting time is after leaf fall, which usually occurs in November. It can also be planted throughout the winter, provided there is no snow, dirt and the soil must be unfrozen. You can store seedlings in a cool dark place in winter, and plant a plant in the ground in spring until May.
The tree is planted in a hole 60-80 cm deep and 60 cm in diameter. Combined fertilizers mixed with soil are poured into the hole.
When planting, the cut off stem should look out of the ground by 2-3 cm or be on the same level with the soil. Young paulownias grow from the cut, so if the stalk is left high, the trunk of the tree will be bent and the quality of the wood will deteriorate.
When planting in spring, you need to water well, in autumn and winter there is enough rain and snow.
In summer, you can also plant a tree using potted seedlings. In this case, the seedling is carefully removed from the pot along with the soil, taking care not to damage the roots. Then it is planted in a prepared pit.
How to care for
The vegetative period for the adam tree does not depend on the time of planting, it begins in mid-April and lasts until the beginning of May. In case of frost, shoots can be frostbitten, but when it gets warmer, the tree sprouts new shoots. Although this slows down its growth by about 15 days, the plant itself does not die.
When two shoots appear, when they reach 10 cm in height, one, weaker, must be cut off.
While the seedling is small and fragile, manually remove the weeds, it is also useful to huddle the tree with a radius of 30-40 cm.
In order for the trunk to be straight, without deviations, it is necessary to remove excess shoots up to a level of 8 m.
Adam's tree (video)
Customs, beliefs and signs associated with the plant
In Japan, paulownia is planted when a daughter is born to a family. When a girl gets married, a tree is cut down and a chest is made from it.
The Japanese believe that if paulownia grows near the house, then the phoenix bird flies in and brings happiness. Paulownia wood does not burn well, perhaps this was the source of the tradition of keeping the most valuable objects in paulownia chests.
Reviews and comments
tanya 05/17/2017
grows in the Crimea In the fall we will collect.
svetlana 05/22/2017
I would have all the provinces
Tatiana 05/22/2017
Thanks for the valuable insight.
Aydamir 09/03/2017
Some photographs show a round green fruit, which has nothing to do with paulownia, and it is called the Adam's apple, and the tree itself is called orange maklura
andriy 12/20/2017
You can add a tree
goar 16.11.2018
an orange maklura tree with a green fruit, also called an Adam's apple, and what about paulownia?