Lesson summary in 6th grade
Lesson type: secondary consolidation and formation of skills,
generalization and systematization of material.
Goals and objectives: Systematization of grammatical skills on the topic “Degrees of comparison of adjectives”
Preparation for the final control on the topic.
During the classes:
1.Org. moment. Greetings.
2. Determining the goals and objectives of the lesson.
Guys, what topic did we study in the last lesson? And on
next lesson we will write test by this
topic. What do you think is the purpose of our lesson today?
What we will do?
The goals and objectives of the lesson are determined by the students themselves.
3. Review the theory using a computer presentation.
Rule a) work according to the scheme (independently) – students
restore the rule according to the scheme individually,
evaluate themselves
(Raise your hand if you know the rule well and were able to
restore it according to the scheme
Raise your hand if you had difficulty doing this
this task)
b) working with the diagram (all together) - repeating the rule,
Students answer the slide, then look
slide with the correct answer
4. Practical work(via computer presentation)
Performance training exercises
1) read the sentences, in which sentences, in your opinion,
mistakes were made. Correct mistakes, write down sentences
in a notebook.
check yourself (slide with correct answers)
Who completed the task without errors?
2) make sentences by putting the words in the correct order.
3) translate the sentences into French.
Write them on the board and explain.
5. Warm up
Showadjectives(grande, petite, longue, courte, haute, basse, courageuse)
Listen to a series of words and make superlative sentences with them using the adjectives we showed:
L’é lé phant, lasouris, larè gle, l "arbre, le champignon, le loup, le lion.
6. Practical work in pairs.
a) Each pair works at the computer.
Assignment: choose the correct answer and underline it.
Group work time is 5 minutes.
b) Consultants walk around the groups.
Task: check the correctness of the task
7. Summing up. Let's do it again than we did
studied in class today.
Lesson grades.
8 . Homework: Write a story in your notebook about
your room, comparing the objects in it.
For example: The table is larger than the chair.
For “4” - 8 sentences, for “5” - 10 sentences
9. Reflection.What did you like about the lesson? What was interesting?
> plus
< moins
= aussi
la plus
la moins
On blackboard … (la leçon est … interior)
Choose the appropriate sign and attach it to the board.
10. The final stage of the lesson.
Qualitative adjectives characterize an object to varying degrees. There are three degrees of comparison of qualitative adjectives: positive (positif), comparative (comparatif), excellent (superlatif).
Positive degree:
Gai (e) (s) cheerful
plus gai (e) (s) more cheerful
aussi gai(e)(s) just as cheerful
moins gai(e) (s) less cheerful
Superlative:
le plus gai is the most fun
la plus gaie is the most fun
les plus gai(e)s are the most fun
le moins gai the least cheerful
la moins gaie the least fun
les moins gai(e)s are the least cheerful
Adjective in positive degree indicates the quality of an object, without comparing it with others in terms of the degree of this quality:
Cette fille est talentueuse. This girl is talented.
En hiver les nuits sont longues. In winter the nights are long.
Adjective in comparative degree indicates the degree of quality of a given item, comparing it with others; adjectives express three degrees of quality greater, lesser and equal, using the adverbs plus more, moins less, aussi also, after the adjective the conjunction que (than, as) is placed:
Cette fille est plus talentueuse que sa copine. This girl is more talented than her friend.
En hiver les journées sont moins longues qu'en été. In winter the days are shorter than in summer.
Ma fille est aussi grande que la fille de mon amie. My daughter is as tall as my friend's daughter.
A superlative adjective indicates the highest or most low degree quality, using definite articles (le, la, les) and adverbs plus and moins:
Cette fille est la moins talentueuse des étudiants. This girl is the least talented of all the students.
En hiver les nuits sont les plus longues. In winter the nights are the longest.
When an adjective is used directly with a noun, it appears both before and after the noun. In the case when an adjective comes after a noun, the definite article is used twice, before the noun and before the adjective after the noun:
C'est la plus magnifique maison. This is the best house.
C'est la maison la plus magnifique. This is the best house.
If there is a possessive adjective, it is placed only before the noun instead of the definite article:
C'est ma plus magnifique maison. C'est ma maison la plus magnifique.
The adjectives bon, mauvais, petit have special forms:
Ce trimestre le résultat est bon. The results this trimester are good.
Ce trimestre le résultat est meilleur que dans le précédent. This trimester the result is better than the previous one.
Ce trimestre le résultat est le meilleur. This trimester has the best results.
N.B. The form moindre is used only with abstract nouns:
Ma maison est plus petite que la tienne. My house is smaller than yours.
C'est un moindre mal. This is the least evil.
Un plat de moindre qualité. The dish is of less good quality.
Used when comparing something/someone.
Formed using adverbs plus(more) , moins(less), aussi(same), which are placed before the adjective. The second part of the comparison is preceded by a conjunction que(than, how):
Pierre est plus grand que moi. — Pierre is taller than me.
Ma voiture est aussi rapide que la tienne. — My car is as fast as yours.
Pierre est moins sportif que moi. — Pierre is less athletic than me.
If a sentence uses several comparative adjectives, then the adverbs plus, moins, aussi are repeated before each:
Ce film est plus interior et plus long que celui-là. — This film is more interesting and longer than that one.
The second part of the comparison may not be mentioned in the sentence, but only implied:
Lisons ce livre, il est plus intéressant (implied - que l’autre livre). — Let's read this book, it's more interesting (than the other one).
Attention!
Don't forget about adjective agreement! - Feminine education; plural
Adjectives with special forms in the comparative degree
- Better(comparative degree of adjective bon) — meilleur/ meilleure / meilleurs / meilleures:
Ce travail est meilleur que celui de Pierre. — This work is better than Pierre's work.
Cette pomme est meilleure que celle-là. — This apple is better than that one.
If the adverbs moins or aussi are used, the comparative construction is built according to the rule:
Cette pomme est moins bonne que celle-là. — This apple is worse (less good) than that one.
Cette pomme est aussi bonne que celle-là. - Eh then the apple is (as good) as that.
- Worse(comparative degree with the adverb plus from the adjective mauvais) - plus mauvaisorpire/pires (used less often in colloquial speech):
Ces notes sont plus mauvaises que cells de Pierre. —
Ces notes sont pires que celles de Pierre. — His grades are worse than Pierre's.
- Less(comparative degree with the adverb plus from the adjective petit) - plus petit or moindre/moindres( in an abstract sense):
Ma maison est plus petite que la tienne. — My house is smaller than yours.
Ce film a eu un succès moindre que prévu. — This film turned out to be less successful than expected.
Superlatives - Le superlatif
The superlative degree is formed by combining a comparative adjective and a definite article (le, la, les) or possessive adjective, which are placed before adverbs (plus, moins, aussi):
C'est la plus large avenue de la ville. — This is the widest avenue in the city.
C'est mon plus grand ami. — This is my very best friend.
The superlative adjective is placed before or after the noun depending on the place it usually occupies. If an adjective is placed after a noun, then the definite article is repeated twice: before the noun and before the adverb plus, moins, aussi:
Ce sont les plus petites pièces. — These are the smallest rooms.
C'est la pièce la plus claire. — This is the brightest room.
But: if several superlative adjectives are used in a sentence, all of them, regardless of their position in a regular sentence, are placed after the noun:
C'est la piece la plus grande et la plus claire. — This is the largest and brightest room.
Adjectives with special forms in the superlative degree
Those adjectives that have special forms in the comparative degree in the positive degree (with the adverb plus) retain them in the superlative:
- bon - le / la / les meilleur / meilleure / meilleurs / meilleures;
- mauvais - le / la / les plus mauvais / mauvaise / mauvaises or le / la / les pire / pires;
- petit - le / la / les plus petit / petite / petits / petites or le / la / les moindre / moindres;
see notes on comparative degree.
Differences in the translation of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
Four Russian comparative adjectives have forms that coincide with adverbs: less, more, better, worse. In order to correctly translate these words into French, you must first understand what part of speech they are. Adjectives will refer to nouns and adverbs will refer to verbs.
| adjective (characterizes a noun) | adverb (characterizes verb) | |
| less | This apple is smaller.Cette pomme est plus petite. | These apples cost less.Ces pommes coûtent moins. |
| more | This package is more.Ce sac est plus grand. | I study more.Je travaille plus. |
| better | My essay is better.Ma composition est meilleure. | She writes better.Elle ecrit mieux. |
| worse | Her work is worse.Son travail est plus mauvais. | I see worse.Je vois plus mal. |
Adverb forms
1. Simple:
Hier, très, vite, etc.
2. Complex, consisting of several words:
Par hasard, à peu près, etc.
3. Derivatives with the suffix -ment:
Such adverbs are formed by adding the suffix -ment to the form female adjective:
fort - forte - fortement
doux - douce - doucement.
Notes:
1. Adjectives ending in -i, -e, -u
lose -e feminine:
vrai - vraiment
absolu - absolument
Exception: gai - gaie - gaiement
2. Adjectives ending in -ent or -ant take the suffix -emment or -amment:
prudent – prudence
suffisant – suffisamment
3. Some have a closed e before the suffix:
profond - profonde - profondémment
précis - précise - précisément
4. Some adjectives male singular used as adverbs:
parler bas - speak quietly
chanter fort - sing loudly
Il parle français. — He speaks French.
Cette voiture coûte cher. — This car is expensive.
Degrees of comparison of adverbs
Most adverbs of manner and adverbs longtemps, tôt, tard, souvent, loin, près, vite can be used in comparative and superlatives. They form degrees of comparison in the same way as adjectives.
Positive degree
comparative
Superlative
The adverbs bien, mal, beaucoup, peu have special forms of degrees of comparison.
Positive degree
comparative
Superlative
Note: The forms pis, le pire are considered obsolete. In modern French the forms plus mal que, le plus mal are used.
François habite à Paris plus longtemps que moi. — Francois has lived in Paris longer than I have.
Tu iras moins vite que nous. - You will walk slower than us.
On respire mieux à la montagne. — It’s better to breathe in the mountains.
C'est Robert qui comprend le mieux dans la classe. “Robert is the one who understands best in the class.”
Place of adverbs in a sentence
1. When adverbs in French define an adjective or other adverb, it comes before these words.
C'est un monument remarquablement restauré. — This monument has been wonderfully restored.
Vous marchez trop vite. -You're walking too fast.
2. When an adverb defines a verb, then:
a) in simple tenses the adverb comes after the verb:
Il arrivera demain. - He will arrive tomorrow.
Le chien couche dehors. — The dog is sleeping outside.
b) in difficult times the adverb stands between auxiliary verb and communion.
Il m'a souvent parlé de son enfance. — He often told me about his childhood.
Vous avez beaucoup maigri. - You have lost a lot of weight.
Note: If an adverb in French is a long word, it comes after the participle.
Nous avons déjeuné rapidement. — We had lunch quickly.
Adverbs of place also come after the participle.
Il a travaillé là-bas pendant cinq ans. — He worked there for five years.
3. When an adverb refers to a whole sentence, it can appear at the beginning, at the end or in the middle of the sentence.
Dans ce jardin, partout il y a des fleurs.
Dans ce jardin, il y a partout des fleurs.
Dans ce jardin, il y a des fleurs partout. - There are flowers everywhere in this garden (There are flowers everywhere in this garden.).
Demain, le magasin ouvrira à 10 heures. — Tomorrow the store will open at 10 o’clock.
Le magasin ouvrira demain à 10 heures. — The store will open tomorrow at 10 o’clock.
Features of the use of some adverbs
a) the basic meaning is good:
Il travaille bien. - It works well.
b) meaning very before an adjective or adverb:
Je suis bien content. - I am very glad.
c) the meaning of many before a noun:
Vous avez fait bien des fautes dans votre dictée. — You made a lot of mistakes in your dictation.
d) meaning after all or when expressing a request:
Où est Julie? - Tu sais bien qu'elle est à la piscine. - Where is Julie? “You know she’s in the pool.”
Que préférez-vous les oranges ou bien les pommes? —What do you prefer, oranges or apples?
Voulez-vous bien me passer ce livre? - Give me this book, please.
2.beaucoup
a) used with a verb:
Il voyage beaucoup. - He travels a lot. Il aime beaucoup le café. — He loves coffee very much.
b) used with a noun (but never with an adjective):
Il fait beaucoup de voyages. — He travels a lot.
Il boit beaucoup de café. — He drinks coffee a lot.
c) can be used comparatively:
Cet hôtel est beaucoup plus comfortable que l’autre. – This hotel is much more comfortable than the other one.
3. aussi - autant
a) the adverb aussi is used with an adjective or adverb:
Il est aussi grand que son père. — He is as tall as his father.
Note: The adverb aussi is used only in the affirmative form in the meaning too.
Tu as lu ce livre. Moi aussi. - You read this book. Me too.
b) the adverb autant is used with the verb:
Il pleut autant qu’hier. — It is raining the same as yesterday.
Adjective (Ladjectif)§ 41. An adjective is an independent part of speech that denotes the characteristics and qualities of objects.
According to their meaning and some grammatical features, qualitative and relative adjectives differ.
Qualitative adjectives (adjectifs qualificatifs) characterize an object by its internal and external properties, shape, color, size, etc.
long, noir, petit, doux, gai, etc.
They denote variable characteristics of objects that may be characteristic of them to a greater or lesser extent, and form degrees of comparison.
Relative adjectives (adjectifs de relation) denote the unchangeable characteristics of objects through their relationship to other objects
français, ouvrier, historique, futur, administration, etc.
and do not form degrees of comparison.
Adjectives can be simple in form
doux, fort, français, etc.
aigre-doux, franco-russe, etc.
§ 42. Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun to which they refer:
un chapeau vert une robe verte;
un livre interesting des livres intéressants.
Gender of adjectives (Le genre des adjectifs)
§ 43. Adjectives ending in -e silent in the masculine gender do not change in the feminine gender:
moindre (plus petit)
less
le moindre (le plus petit)
smallest, smallest
Cette année la récolte est bonne.
Cette année la récolte est meilleure que lannée passée.
Cette année la récolte est la meilleure.
Note!
The adjective moindre is used only in an abstract sense. Compare: Notre appartement est plus petit que le vôtre. Ce sont des nouvelles de moindre importance. Je nai pas la moindre idée de ce qui se passe.
Agreement of adjectives (Laccord des adjectifs)
§ 48. 1. As a rule, an adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun to which it refers:
Vous avez une belle robe.
Ce sont des étudiants étrangers.
Nous licons des livres français.
Ces étudiantes sont actives.
2. When an adjective refers to two or more nouns of different genders, it is used in plural male. Compare:
Pierre et Jean sont heureux. ?Marie and Olga sont heureuses.
Pierre and Marie sont heureux. ? Nous avons une table et un fauteuil neufs.
3. If the adjective is formed from 2 adjectives: sourd-muet deaf and dumb; aigre-doux sweet and sour, etc. then both adjectives agree with the noun:
un enfant sourd-muet des enfants sourds-muet s
une pomme aigre-douce des pommes aigres-douc es
4. If the adjective is formed from an adjective and an abbreviated form with -i or -o. then only the adjective agrees:
une histoire tragi-comique des histoires tragi-comique s
un dictionnaire franco-russe des dictionnaires franco-russe s
5. If an adjective is formed by combining an adjective with an adverb or preposition, then only the adjective agrees:
nouveau-né (= nouvellement né) newborn
un enfant nouveau-né des enfants nouveau-nés
avant-dernier penultimate
lavant-dernière page les avant-dernière es pages
6. Compound adjectives denoting colors do not change. Compare:
une robe verte une robe vertical background
des yeux bleus des yeux bleu clair
7. Adjectives denoting colors and derived from nouns do not change:
marron chestnut (from un marron chestnut)
une chemise marron
chestnut color shirt
Place of an adjective in a sentence (La place de ladjectif)
§ 49. In French there are no clear rules fixing the place of an adjective. An adjective can take a position before or after a noun.
1. Adjective nominal part of the predicate. As a rule, it comes after the verb copula:
Ses parents son heureux.
2. Adjective definition usually comes after the word it defines.
Always placed after a noun:
a) relative adjectives:
un government français; des tourists etrangers; la politique economy;
b) adjectives denoting the color, shape of an object:
une robe noire; une fleur rouge; une table ronde;
V) verbal adjectives in -ant and adjectives expressed participe passé:
un livre interesting; un homme fatigue; lannee passee.
3. Usually a small group of one- or two-syllable adjectives is placed before the noun, of which the most common are
grand big, petit small, bon good,
mauvais bad, jeune young, vieux old,
beau. joli beautiful, haut tall, large wide,
long long, gros large
un beau garçon, un long mur, une large place,
un bon résultat, un grand arbre, une petite fille, etc.
4. A number of adjectives change meaning depending on the place they occupy. In the position after a noun, adjectives are used, as a rule, in their literal meaning, and before a noun - in a figurative meaning:
un homme brave
brave man
un brave homme
nice man