Structure petrified tree - silica SiO2 with impurities. The petrified tree is either a complete pseudomorphosis opala on wood and in this case it is often referred to as a rich opal, or it is a focus noticeable chalcedony . The most frequent opal-chalacedone varieties with various combinations of both components.
There is also a crypto-crystalline wood substitution quartz. (Arizona tree). Meet siderite
petrified tree (Kamchatka). As secondary minerals in the petrified tree, the hydroxides of iron, pyrite, carbonates - magnesium and phosphorus (about 1%), besides, there are bluish barite-kissing bodies. Almost always in the composition of the fossil tree includes carbonates - coal acid salts H2CO3 - (70-80%), carbon substance (5-30%), iron oxides (up to 10%), apatite Quartz. Carbon monogram strokes have a thickness of 0.1 to 3 mm, there are also single secing longitudinal streaks. The presence of certain impurities chemical elements, such as iron, manganese or copper in water during the process of the petrification gives the created petrified tree to one or another coloring: sometimes the stone in color can even remind a landscape jasper.
- manganese - Pink / Orange
- Manganese oxide - Black / Yellow
- carbon - Black
- oxide gland - Red, Brown, Yellow
- cobalt - Green / Blue
- chromium- Green / Blue
- copper - Green / Blue
The petrified tree is the remains of the trees growing in Perm (285-250 million years ago) and coal (360-299 million years ago) period. Although plant fossils are much less common than animals, there are many samples to this day, giving a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe evolution of the plant world.
Sample fossil tree. Indonesia.
Size 3.2 cm x 2.5 cm x 2,3 cm
Issue number 45 fossil tree
Minerals - the Treasures of the Earth. Publishing house Deagostini.
On texture features distinguished spotted
, concentrically zonal
and unclear homogeneous
Petrified tree of various coloring. Frequent combination of concentric-zonal and spotted varieties in one sample. Spotted fossil tree - the most common decorative variety - the diverse stone of opal-chalacedone composition with significant avenue of iron hydroxides
. Such a three-component composition with an alternating relationship of opal, chalcedone and iron hydroxides causes an uneven spotted color and, accordingly, spotted and strial-spotted texture.
In the Washington Laboratory was produced artificial fossil tree . In the process of petition, small cubes pine were impregnated with acid for two days, and then shipped into a solution of silica for another two. Then, such a product was prepared at 1400 ° C in an atmosphere of argon for two hours. The result was a silicon carbide, which retained the complex cell structure of the tree. Then, weathered in a solution of tungsten, obtained tungsten carbide and was an artificial fossil tree.
The fossil tree is an organogenic breed, which was formed during the period of past geological eras from the remains of trees undergoing metamorphic changes.
In the trees of the coal and Permian period who died under the sediment of volcanic products, in the absence of access of oxygen, the organic components gradually replaced by mineral elements: often - opal and chalcedon, less often - sideritics and quartz. Carbonates, hydroxides of iron and pyrite appeared auxiliary components. Under the influence of these processes and time, ordinary wood turned into fossils in unique beauty, which even after millions of years, retained the natural wood texture.
The physical properties of the petrified tree are similar to many breeding minerals. Fossils are characterized by high hardness and density, easily processed due to the lack of brittleness, have a wax gloss and a sink fracture. In crystals there is no clearer, as well as the effects of iris and pleochroism. The petrified tree does not respond to the action of acids, does not give in to pieces and does not have magnetic properties.
The structure of the wood stone is opaque with predominant brown, black, gray and red shades. The lines are indicated by white, but sometimes the trait can be color.
Varieties of fossil tree
Wood fossils are divided into varieties of structural features and texture.
- Homogeneous fossils. Have a practically homogeneous texture and color of the rings, divided into zones with lines. Wooden rock with a saturated opal structure is characteristic of light, almost white colors.
- Spotted fossils. The decorative type of woody rock, in the structure there is a combination of chalcedone with opal, supplemented with iron hydroxides. The ratio of these elements causes the zonal color of brown shades and the texture of the fossil: Lie down or spotted.
- Gagatovoid petrified tree. The basis of black fossils is opal or carbonate with a mandatory carbon presence. The texture is distinguished by clearly defined lines, which in some cases go into a wavy pattern. Visually, the black tree resembles a gagat or black jade.
- Concentric-zonal fossil. In the breed alternate multicolored stripes saturated with opal or combination of chalcedins with opala. Brown, beige and white colors alternately color the annual rings, as a result of which the fossil is acquired by a saturated texture.
- Linzing fossil. The structure is formed by filling the voids in the wood with the composition of iron hydroxides, chalacedones and opals. As a result, a linear lens-like or points texture is formed.
Place of Birth
The deposits of petrified wood are most often located in the places of eruption of volcanoes. The largest deposit of beautiful and high-quality fossils is located in the American state of Arizona in the territory of the National Park, named by the "fossil forest". On this territory, wood trunks of amazing coloring up to 65 meters long and a diameter of up to 3 meters were found. Also in the US, production is carried out in Oregon and Washington.
Significant fields of petrified wood are located in India, Georgia, Syria, Iraq, Argentina, New Zealand, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Brazil, Canada, Greece and the Czech Republic. In Russia, petsenger trees were found in the Primorsky Territory, as well as in the territories of Kamchatka and Chukotka. In Ukraine, wood fossils are found in the Lviv region.
Many deposits in which large fossil trees with a unique and amazing pattern were found are recognized as reserves or national parks, so prey is not produced in them.
Magic properties of the fossil tree
Products and prices for fossil
5 / 5 ( 1 voice)
Onyx - Energy and Force Stone 
Opal - Stone of deceptive hopes 
Gagat Protective Black Wubble Shungit - therapeutic black stone 
Tiger Eye - Properties and Stone
Experts consider petrified tree as a special substance with strong energy. A small piece of petrified wood will teach a person to enjoy life and appreciate what you have. Magages often use this material when carrying out various rites. Some people argue that he is even able to extend life.
Description Mineral
The death of trees is a natural process. Over time, their remains turn into fossils. Various minerals affect wood on wood, so over time it can change its color to red, yellow, blue and even purple. On a cut instead of annual rings, amazing patterns are formed. They are visible both on the longitudinal and cross-cut. An ancient petrified tree is easily grinding and cut, despite the fact that this material is characterized by high strength and density.
There are several varieties of fossil wood:
- Opel-saturated homogeneous structure of white.
- The combination of opal, chalcedone and iron hydroxide makes the structure of the spotted or haired with a brown tint.
- As part of the black fossils there is opal or carbonate and necessarily carbon. Visually, they are very similar black agate.
- The concentric-zonal fossil is saturated with chalcedons with opal. They paint the annual rings in brown, beige or white. As a result, the structure of the material becomes lached.
There is a single difference between the fossil trees found in different places, it is an amazing, unique color. Some deposits are recognized as reserves, so the production of material in them is prohibited.
A bit of history
Ancient Romans believed that petrified wood helps solve any problems. A person who bears with him a piece of this mineral, gets rid of illusions, so quickly finds a way out of any, even the most difficult situation. A stone tree eliminates the malice, longing, teaches to enjoy life and welcome any changes. With his help, a person realizes that he needs from life, and achieves his goals. In Assyria and Babylon, such fossils were used as an ordinary divecular material. From it they did:
- pendants;
- rings;
- countertops;
- kandelabra;
- vasons.
According to the legend of the Navajo Indians, the petrified tree is clawing a huge monster that hunted people. Before the distant, the Indians brought their gods to sacrifice stone wood, hoping that it would protect them on the way from evil spirits. Udmurts believed that fossils are broken fingers of the evil spirit of Vumurt. They called the petrified tree with damn fingers and used his branches for the treatment of different diseases. It also served as a charm to protect the dwellings from evil people.
Some consider this material as a universal symbol of the universe. Amulets are made from it, which are a symbol of global communication.
Medical and magical properties
Like other minerals, the woody stone has numerous medical properties. People who wear jewelry from such a material are more resistant to different infections and easily carry any stress. A piece of mineral will help people suffering from arthritis. The petrified tree is an excellent assistant for those who live in their fantasies and fails in the financial sphere. It helps to cope with monetary problems and achieve many earthly goods, but not to become a stingy person.
Modern people Buy amulets from petrified wood to attract wealth and rapid achievement of the goals. This stone helps to overcome any obstacles, teaches to rejoice at the achievements and enjoy all the life benefits, but do not bike on the material sphere.
Unique structure and excellent hardness indicators make fossil trees in demand and popular. It looks great in combination with glass and metal. Large trees can be used for the manufacture of furniture, shells, various supports, etc. Such products fit perfectly into the modern interior. Decorations, carved figures and souvenirs are made of debris.
Experts consider petrified tree as a special substance with strong energy. A small piece of petrified wood will teach a person to enjoy life and appreciate what you have. Magages often use this material when carrying out various rites. Some people argue that he is even able to extend life.
Description Mineral
The death of trees is a natural process. Over time, their remains turn into fossils. Various minerals affect wood on wood, so over time it can change its color to red, yellow, blue and even purple. On a cut instead of annual rings, amazing patterns are formed. They are visible both on the longitudinal and cross-cut. An ancient petrified tree is easily grinding and cut, despite the fact that this material is characterized by high strength and density.
There are several varieties of fossil wood:
- Opel-saturated homogeneous structure of white.
- The combination of opal, chalcedone and iron hydroxide makes the structure of the spotted or haired with a brown tint.
- As part of the black fossils there is opal or carbonate and necessarily carbon. Visually, they are very similar black agate.
- The concentric-zonal fossil is saturated with chalcedons with opal. They paint the annual rings in brown, beige or white. As a result, the structure of the material becomes lached.
There is a single difference between the fossil trees found in different places, it is an amazing, unique color. Some deposits are recognized as reserves, so the production of material in them is prohibited.
A bit of history
Ancient Romans believed that petrified wood helps solve any problems. A person who bears with him a piece of this mineral, gets rid of illusions, so quickly finds a way out of any, even the most difficult situation. A stone tree eliminates the malice, longing, teaches to enjoy life and welcome any changes. With his help, a person realizes that he needs from life, and achieves his goals. In Assyria and Babylon, such fossils were used as an ordinary divecular material. From it they did:
- pendants;
- rings;
- countertops;
- kandelabra;
- vasons.
According to the legend of the Navajo Indians, the petrified tree is clawing a huge monster that hunted people. Before the distant, the Indians brought their gods to sacrifice stone wood, hoping that it would protect them on the way from evil spirits. Udmurts believed that fossils are broken fingers of the evil spirit of Vumurt. They called the petrified tree with damn fingers and used his branches for the treatment of different diseases. It also served as a charm to protect the dwellings from evil people.
Some consider this material as a universal symbol of the universe. Amulets are made from it, which are a symbol of global communication.
Medical and magical properties
Like other minerals, the woody stone has numerous healing properties. People who wear jewelry from such a material are more resistant to different infections and easily carry any stress. A piece of mineral will help people suffering from arthritis. The petrified tree is an excellent assistant for those who live in their fantasies and fails in the financial sphere. It helps to cope with monetary problems and achieve many earthly goods, but not to become a stingy person.
Modern people buy amulets from petrified wood to attract wealth and rapid achievement. This stone helps to overcome any obstacles, teaches to rejoice at the achievements and enjoy all the life benefits, but do not bike on the material sphere.
Unique structure and excellent hardness indicators make fossil trees in demand and popular. It looks great in combination with glass and metal. Large trees can be used for the manufacture of furniture, shells, various supports, etc. Such products fit perfectly into the modern interior. Decorations, carved figures and souvenirs are made of debris.
Andrew Snelling
So the title of the article in the journal sounded Popular Science., in the release for October, 1992. The same was demonstrated by a study conducted in the Laboratory of High-Quality Ceramics of the University of Washington in Seattle (USA).
The researchers created a composite from wood and ceramics, which was 20-120% of the harder than ordinary wood, but it looked like a tree. The process of creating this mixture is surprisingly simple: wood is impregnated with a solution containing a mixture of silicon and aluminum. The solution fills the pores in the wood, after which it is placed in the furnace with a temperature of 44 ° C. According to the head of the research laboratory, Daniel Dobbs, during such experiments, wood is impregnated with a solution to a depth of about 5 mm. Moreover, deeper penetration into the wood under pressure and more high temperatures, it produced a stone-solid composition of wood and ceramics, which was very similar to the petrified wood.
Original "Recipe" of petition
However, the championship of the opening of the "recipe" of the wood belongs to Hamilton Hicksa from Greenwich, Connecticut (USA), which September 16, 1986 received a US patent under the number 4612050. According to Hicks, his chemical "cocktail" from sodium silicate (known as " Liquid glass "), natural key or volcanic mini water water, containing a high percentage of calcium, magnesium, manganese and other salts of metals, and lemon or malic acid can quickly turn wood into a stone. But if you want to use this "recipe", you need to know that for artificial petrification, a special technology is used to mix these components in the correct proportions in order to obtain an "initial" frozen state.
Hicks wrote:
"When the solution is applied to the wood, it penetrates it. Mineral water and sodium silicate is contained in a solution in a relatively identical ratio, so that the solution is a liquid with a stable viscosity and oxidizes to the initial consumption of thickening that such an extent at which the hardening occurs after penetration into the wood, and not before. Those. The solution can be stored and transported, but after it is applied to the wood, it solidifies it. When the content of the solution in the wood is high enough, the wood impregnated with a solution acquires the characteristics of the fossil tree. In such a state, the tree can already be burned, even if for a long time to expose its high humidity or wet. The observed petrification occurs quickly by drying wood. "
The patent indicates that the amount of acid in the solution turns out to play important role In the solidification phase inside the cell structure of the tree, although evaporation also plays a significant role in this process. Wood is carefully impregnated, if necessary, even several times is treated or immersed in solution. And after drying, it clearly has all the characteristics of the fossil tree, including the appearance.
And Hicks and researchers from the University of Washington University of Laboratory are talking about the potential use of such "instantly" petrified wood:
Fire-resistant wooden structures, such as, at home and stables (then horses, they would also not chew a petrified wood!).
Durable coatings, floors and furniture.
Wood with high strength for use in construction.
Wood, protected from insects, decay and salt water to build buildings, etc.
Fast natural petrification
Chemical components used for artificial fossa wood can be found in nature and inside sedimentary rocks. In this case, is it possible that natural petrification takes place quickly under the action of these processes? Sure! Sigleo reported that the rate of deposition of silica in wood blocks in alkaline sources located in Yellowstone National Park (USA) is between 0.1 and 4.0 mm per year.
Some striking messages came from Australia. Pigott, who writes for the Australian magazine Lapidary, tells about what he saw in the southwestern part of Queensland:
". . I heard the story from Mrs. McMyrrey from Missis, who shook me and seem to destroy many ideas about the age of petrified wood. Mrs. McMyurrey has a piece of wood that turned into a stone, and on which there are obvious marks from the ax. She says that the tree, from which this piece was cut down, grew on the farm of her father in Eutyule, located near Rome, and was cut down by her father about 70 years ago. The tree was partially hidden under the ground, and when it was dug, it was petrified. At the end of its history, Mrs. McMyrrey said that another resident of her town had a piece of fossil pillar from a wire fence with done holes for wire and with a piece of wire. "
"Petrified wood age thousands of years? Interesting, or is it so? "
A few months later, Pierced has completed these amazing stories about wood, which quickly petrified in the ground of the Malconed Queensland:
". . . Piggott writes about a fancy tree with traces of the ax, as well as about the petrified post of the fence. "
"This kind of find, of course, is often found. In the Hageden County, in Northern Queensland ... Parkinsonia trees near one ranch were flooded with water and covered with nanos as a result of flooding in 1918. Later in 1950, the injunctions were washed away with flood. Pieces of the tree trunk turned into a stone of a pleasant color. However, most of the trunk and its branches completely disappeared. "
"On the ranch of Zara, located about 48 km from Houenden (North Queensland), I repaired a hedge. The old pillars of this hedge in some places passed through the black ground into the slate clay. Wood acacia in this black soil was still perfect. She then fell so smoothly, as if she was dug and a few inches of a pillar in a shale clay were a clean stone. On this post, it was possible to clearly see each mark from the ax and the tree kept my color as on that day when it was cut down. . . . "
"I know that in the dunes near Boulia [southwestern part of Queensland], where the fences are often almost completely covered with moving sands, this is a common phenomenon, when a few years crawled around, leaving the fences standing vertically."
From the other end of the world, a message was received about the Church of Santa Maria-della-Salute, built in 1630 in Venice, Italy, in honor of the celebration of the end of the plague epidemic. Since Venice is built on water impregnated with water and sand, the church was built on 180,000 wooden stilts that strengthen its base. Even despite the fact that the church is a massive stone structure, it remained steady since its foundation. What way wooden piles have been preserved strong for 360 years? They petrified! Now the church stands on the "stone" piles!
Experimental confirmation
Of course, none of these messages should surprise us, since the process of petrification of wood has long been known, as well as the fact that this process may occur and happened quickly. For example, Scherfield and Segnitt reported that the process of petering wood can be viewed as five stages:
- Arrival quartz in solution or colloid in wood.
- Penetration of quartz in the cell walls of the wood structure.
- The gradual decay of cell walls, which at the same time are replaced by quartz, so that the stability of the size of the wood is preserved.
- Filling with quartz of voids inside the framework of cell walls.
- Final hardening (lending) as a result of drying.
Conclusion
Data that was obtained by scientists in laboratories, as well as in God's natural laboratory, show that in the respective chemical conditions, wood can quickly petrol in the help of silicification, even at ordinary temperature and pressure. The process of petrification of wood today is so well known and it is clear that, if desired, scientists can quickly picify the wood in their laboratories.
Unfortunately, most people continue to think and they impose this thinking that the petrification of the petrified wood, buried in the layers of rocks, was supposed to take thousands, if not over mills, years. This thinking is clearly incorrect, since it was not yet demonstrated that the petrification of wood can occur, and happens quickly. Thus, the time interval for the formation of fossil wood within the geological chronicles is fully consistent with the biblical temporary scale of recent creation and the subsequent devastating global flood.