What are the belts in Africa?

Miscellaneous

Individual regions are determined by the amount of precipitation and the duration of the rainy season. Vast areas lack moisture. Africa is characterized by the transport of tropical air by trade winds. High banks make it difficult for wet winds to enter. The western shores in tropical latitudes are washed by cold currents. In Africa there are seven: equatorial, two subequatorial, two tropical and two subtropical.

Most of the continent lies in a hot thermal zone. Between the two tropics, the midday sun is always high above and is at its zenith twice a year. Even in winter, average monthly temperatures do not fall below +18…+20 °C. The Sahara receives the most light and heat. Summer temperatures here are more than +30 °C. In the Tripoli area, the absolute maximum temperature on Earth was +58 °C. Africa is the hottest continent. Equatorial belt covers a significant part of the basin and the coast of the Gulf of Guinea: extends to 7-8° N. w. and 5° S. w. Due to the strong warming of the land surface in the Congo, rainfall occurs throughout the year (Figure 50-1). The most damp place
Africa is located at the foot of the city - 9655 mm per year. In precipitation mode

There are two maxima associated with the highest position of the Sun. The amount of precipitation exceeds evaporation by 1.5-2 times. Average precipitation is about 2000 mm. High temperatures +26…+28 °C and above ensure continuous growth of plants. For equatorial climate

One season is typical - summer with daily heavy (zenithal) rains in the afternoon. Forming on the east coast tropical humid climate

with maximum precipitation in summer. Subtropical zone covers the extreme north and south of Africa. On the coast Mediterranean Sea and on the southwestern edge of the continent a subtropical climate is formed with dry, hot summers (+28 °C) and warm, wet winters (+12 °C, precipitation up to 1000 mm) (Fig. 50-4). South-East Africa is characterized by an even distribution of precipitation throughout the year. In winter, they are associated with the westerly transfer of air masses, and in summer, winds blow from . Atmospheric precipitation is 1500 mm. In summer, a significant amount of moisture remains on the slopes of the Drakensberg Mountains, in winter - on the western slopes of the Cape Mountains. A subtropical continental climate is characteristic of the deserts of the Cape Mountains and the Karoo.

The widespread use of heat reserves for agriculture is hampered by lack of precipitation and frequent rainfall. With precipitation of 600-800 mm, crops are unstable, and with less than that, farming is impossible without it. In deserts you can only practice in oases. Vast territories are occupied by equatorial forests that are unsuitable for human life and impenetrable. Low fertility of many soil types and dangerous tropical diseases hinder agricultural development in Africa.

Africa is located in the equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, and subtropical climate zones. The climate of Africa determines it geographical position, trade winds, ocean currents, relief features. Sufficient heat allows the cultivation of tropical and subtropical crops.

Africa is a large continent (second in the world after Eurasia), strongly elongated from north to south on both sides of the equator. There are four climate zones here. In the very north and south of the continent - Subtropical(southern South Africa and northern Sahara). Next comes Tropical zone(almost the entire Sahara, northern South Africa, Namibia, Angola, southern Madagascar). Occupies a small space near the equator Most of the continent lies in a hot thermal zone. Between the two tropics, the midday sun is always high above and is at its zenith twice a year. Even in winter, average monthly temperatures do not fall below +18…+20 °C. The Sahara receives the most light and heat. Summer temperatures here are more than +30 °C. In the Tripoli area, the absolute maximum temperature on Earth was +58 °C. Africa is the hottest continent.. And around it almost all central Africa largest in area - Subequatorial belt.

A continent like Africa is located in the following climate zones:

first climate zone: subtropical,

second climate zone: tropical,

third climate zone: subequatorial,

fourth climate zone: equatorial,

fifth climate zone: subequatorial,

sixth climate zone: tropical,

seventh climate zone: subtropical.

The belts are listed in order from north to south.

It’s not for nothing that Africa is called the hottest continent on Earth, it really is. The central part of this continent lies in the equatorial belt, characterized by high temperature and humidity. Famous people grow here equatorial forests, impenetrable jungle. To the south, east and north lie subequatorial climatic zones characterized by a mixed climate - they can come here as humid equatorial ones air masses, and tropical dry. Even further from the equator lie the tropics - the driest places on the planet with high temperatures. Here lie the Sahara, Kalahari and Namib. The most extreme points of the continent belong to a subtropical climate and in winter the air masses from temperate latitudes They can even bring snow here.

Africa is divided almost in half by the equator. What climate zones is Africa located in?

• equatorial;
• tropical;
• subequatorial and subtropical.

The climate features of Africa are determined by its location on climate map peace. Because of this position, the largest desert is located there - the Sahara.



Africa is located in the following climate zones. Table



The climate of the African belts is very similar, but there are differences. There are zones in which precipitation occurs seasonally, and there are zones where the climate is milder. Animals of Africa move in caravans in search of bodies of water. During periods of drought, crocodiles and giraffes drink from the same stream, establishing a truce at this time.

The climate of Africa is quite hot as it is located in the following climatic zones, namely: equatorial, 2 subtropical, tropical and subequatorial. The equator passes through this continent, and it is washed by two oceans, the Indian and Atlantic. Africa is also home to one of the largest deserts in the world, the Sahara.

The African continent is the only continent in the world located on both sides of the equator. In Africa there are already seven climatic zones, and each of them has its own characteristics.

For example, equatorial The climate zone is supported by winds that constantly bring moisture and heat. It rains evenly throughout the year and there is no division into seasons.

North and south occupies subequatorial a belt where winds from the equator bring heat and moisture in the summer. Winter time is characterized by tropical, hot and dry winds.

The largest part of Africa is subjugated tropical a climate where tropical winds dominate all year. Which forms the climate with savannas and deserts.

Subtropical The belt is represented by two regions in the northern and southern territories. Available in Africa and subtropical-mediterranean climatic zone in the northern and southwestern parts of the continent.



The entire territory of Africa is one way or another included in various hot climate zones. It is intersected by the equator line approximately in the middle.

But the specific manifestations of the hot climate in Africa are not uniform. The north and south of the continent are dominated by dry deserts (such as the Sahara and Kalahari). The central part is dominated by rainforests, separated from the desert belt by savannah steppes, which are characterized by alternating wet and dry seasons.

Accordingly, the center of Africa is an equatorial climate zone, then subequatorial, tropical, and at the southern and northern ends there is a subtropical climate zone.

Africa, in size, is the second continent after Eurasia and is washed by two oceans:

• Atlantic
• Indian.

The climatic zones of Africa begin with the equatorial, followed by the subequatorial, then the tropical climate zone, and the subtropical zone.

Africa is located in seven climatic zones, namely:

1. in the equatorial
2. in two subequatorial
3. in two tropical
4. in two subtropical

The largest area is occupied by the subequatorial belt.

It should be noted that although Africa is considered a very hot continent, it is conditionally divided into several climatic zones, the conditions for existence in which differ. Therefore, when choosing a place of residence, it is necessary to coordinate climatic preferences.

So, there are 7 (SEVEN) belts. Let's look in more detail.

Africa is crossed almost in the middle by the equator, so in its northern and southern parts climatic zones, with the exception of the equatorial one, are repeated (Fig. 61). Two stand out subequatorial, two tropical and two subtropical belts.

Most of the continent lies in a hot thermal zone. Between the two tropics, the midday sun is always high above and is at its zenith twice a year. Even in winter, average monthly temperatures do not fall below +18…+20 °C. The Sahara receives the most light and heat. Summer temperatures here are more than +30 °C. In the Tripoli area, the absolute maximum temperature on Earth was +58 °C. Africa is the hottest continent. covers a narrow coastal strip along the Gulf of Guinea and the Congo Basin. In this zone, warm and humid equatorial air masses predominate throughout the year, so there is one type of climate here - equatorial. The temperature here is high throughout the year and reaches +26... 28 °C. The total annual precipitation is over 2000 mm, and it is distributed evenly throughout the year.

Subequatorial climate zones with their characteristic subequatorial climate type located on both sides of equatorial belt, approximately to a latitude of 15-20°. Here throughout the year there is also heat(+25...28 °C), but the alternation of summer wet and winter dry periods is clearly visible. This is due to changes in the types of air masses depending on the seasons. In summer, an equatorial humid air mass dominates here, and in winter, a dry tropical one.

Climate on both sides of the equator. There are two rainy periods in the annual cycle of the subequatorial belts. Local residents call them “long rains” and “short rains”. They are separated by two winter dry periods. To the north and south of the equator, dry periods lengthen, precipitation decreases and becomes less regular. The annual rainfall shown on the map is actually a little accurate, as a place that reportedly receives 380mm of annual rainfall can reach that figure within a few years.

Tropical zones occupy the largest area on the mainland. During the year, continental tropical air mass dominates here. Under its influence in the Sahara, as well as in South Africa, the region is formed tropical continental (desert) climate type.

The Sahara is located in the zone of downward air movements and dry trade winds of the Northern Hemisphere. This is mainly due to the insignificant amount of precipitation and low relative air humidity. The sky here is mostly cloudless, but its color is almost never transparent blue, since the finest dust hangs in the air. Precipitation is extremely irregular. It happens that for several years not a single drop of rain reaches the surface of the earth. High daytime and low nighttime air temperatures, as well as significant dryness, as well as dust storms, negatively affect a person’s stay in the desert.

In the Sahara, the wind wakes up and goes to bed with the sun. Winds play a significant role in desert life. Here, on average, out of 100 days, only six are calm. Hot winds in the northern Sahara have a bad reputation. They blow from the center of the desert and can destroy crops within a few hours. Strong winds (samums) cause dust and sand storms. Wind speed during a storm reaches 50 m/s. A mass of sand and small stones rises into the air. Storms begin and die out suddenly, leaving behind clouds of dry, slowly settling dust “fog.”

A region is forming in the southeastern part of Africa tropical humid climate with a lot of rainfall throughout the year. Material from the site

The extreme north and south of Africa are located in subtropical climatic zones. The average annual temperature here is about 20 °C, but it varies significantly between seasons. Depending on the amount of precipitation in subtropical zones, there are two climatic regions. In the north and southwest of Africa the region predominates Mediterranean climate type(typical of the Mediterranean coast, hence the name). Precipitation in this area falls mainly in winter; summer, on the contrary, is dry. (Remember how this is explained.) In the southeast of the continent the region dominates subtropical humid climate with uniform moisture. Under the influence of trade winds, precipitation here is distributed more or less evenly throughout the year.

• Africa is located in the equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical climate zones.
• In the equatorial and subequatorial climate zones, one type of climate predominates.
• In the tropical climate zone, tropical continental and tropical humid climates are distinguished, and in the subtropical zone, Mediterranean and subtropical humid climate types are distinguished.

On this page there is material on the following topics:

• In which zone is the tropical dry winter

• Location of Africa climate zones

• Climate table for African zones, northern region, southern region

• "Mainland Africa" ​​- Around 6th century. BC e. The Phoenicians made long sea voyages around Africa. The second stage of African exploration - Arab campaigns(7th-14th centuries). 7. What contributions did David Levingston make to African exploration? Determine the size of the continent. Wrote a book, Travels in Africa. Africa. 15 + 52 = 67 (degrees) 67 x 109.6 = 7343.2 (km).

  “Characteristics of Africa” - Lesson plan Political system and EGP of African countries. Lesotho. Population of the continent. general characteristics African countries. Political system. Morocco. The region ranks first in terms of reserves of most types of mineral raw materials. Economic and geographical location. Swaziland. The significant predominance of youth is associated with high level fertility.

  “Water in Africa” - Full of water in summer due to rains. The most long river world (6671 km). Repeat the definitions: A river is... Full of water in the summer. Full of water in summer. Lake Victoria. Indian Ocean. Full of water all year round. N. Gumilev. The largest of the African rivers in the Indian Ocean basin. River network. The depth of Tanganyika is 1470 meters.

  "Art of Africa" ​​- Contemporary wooden sculpture of Africa. Art of the peoples of Tropical and Southern Africa. Contemporary art of the peoples of Africa. Artistic creativity The peoples of Africa reached their highest peak in sculpture, painting and architecture. Modern African architecture City of Cape Town. Contemporary African sculpture.

  “Geography lesson about the population of Africa” - Does climate affect the settlement of people, lifestyle, culture? Comparison of maps. Name the reasons for the formation of different natural zones. Travel across Africa. What climate zones is Africa located in? Major areas of high and low population density. Study the characteristics of the African population. Get to know the modern political map, improve the ability to work with geographic maps.

  “Zones of Africa” - Such huge fluctuations during the day subject animals to severe trials. Oasis, tropical desert. Giraffe. Snake. 230ssh. Change of seasons. Fenech. Namib. Due to the lack of rain, salts are not washed out of the soil. Subequatorial. Hippos. High temperatures. Baobab, Gorilla, Camel, Creepers. They hide in holes.

  There are 3 presentations in total

  Education

  Each continent is characterized by its own temperature, change of seasons, abundance or lack of moisture, diversity of vegetation, or vice versa - its complete absence. All this is formed under the influence of climatic zones, which create this or that climate.

  In what climatic zones is Africa located, its climate, precipitation

  The African continent is the only continent in the world that lies on either side of the equator. By the way, it has seven climatic zones, since the same zone, depending on which hemisphere it is located in, has its own climatic characteristics.

  Thus, the equatorial climate zone forms winds that carry heat and moisture all year round. The temperature here is +25°-28°C, rain falls evenly all year round and there is no division into seasons.

  The subequatorial belt occupies the north and south of the land. Depending on the dry or rainy season of the year, clearly formed types of air masses change. In the summer season, equatorial winds carry heat and moisture, and in winter - tropical winds are drier and hotter.

  The temperature stays within +24-28°C all year round, there is little rainfall, and it falls during the summer season. By the way, regardless of what climatic zones Africa is located in, everywhere on this continent there is a lack of moisture.

  African tropics

  The tropics cover the largest part of the country. Tropical winds dominate throughout the year and shape the climate with deserts and savannas. The temperature in July is 32°C, in January +18°C. Precipitation is rare, no more than 100 mm per year. It is precisely the climate zones in which Africa is located that has led to the absence of severe cold, and especially frost, on the continent.

  

  The subtropical zone consists of two regions: the extreme northern and southern territories of the African continent. The temperature here is +24°C in summer, +10°C in winter. The northern and southwestern regions of Africa have a subtropical-Mediterranean climate.

  From the above we can conclude in which climate zones Africa is located. The map also demonstrates that it can safely be considered the hottest continent on our planet.

  Video on the topic

  Distant Australia

  Australia is the smallest and driest continent on Earth. It has three climatic zones: subequatorial, tropical and subtropical.

  Subequatorial occupies the northern part of the continent. In summer, the equatorial wind blows here, in winter - tropical. Air temperature +25°C all year round.

  Uneven precipitation affects the clear division of seasons. Summers are warm, with frequent thunderstorms and downpours of up to 2000 mm per year, and winters are hot and dry.

  The tropical zone has two types of climate. Depending on the location of the territory and the amount of precipitation that falls on it, continental (desert) and tropical climates are distinguished.

  An area with a particularly dry climate is far from the ocean. There are desert areas here. Air temperature in summer season here it’s +30°C, in winter +16°C. The west of the tropical zone is formed under the influence of the West Australian Current. Deserts stretch to the shores of the Indian Ocean.

  

  The eastern part receives sufficient quantity moisture in the form of rain. Warm air coming with Pacific Ocean, has created a favorable climate here in which tropical forest grows.

  The subtropical belt covers southern territory Australia and is divided into three zones. The southwest is characterized by dry and hot summers and warm and rainy winters. The air temperature in January rises to +23°C, in June - to +12°C.

  The central part is completely desert. Here there is a continental climate with its characteristic strong temperature changes all year round - in the hot summer and not so hot. warm winter, with light rains.

  The southeast has a humid climate, rain falls equally throughout the year, in summer the air warms up to +24°C, in winter - up to +9°C.

  If you compare the climate zones in which Africa and Australia are located, you can see great similarities in the weather conditions of both continents.

  Land of ice and snow

  Antarctica is a continent of cold and ice. It is located in two climatic zones: Antarctic and subantarctic.

  The Antarctic belt makes up almost the entire territory of the continent, which covers a layer of ice up to 4.5 km thick. And it has great importance in shaping the climate of Antarctica, since ice reflects up to 90% of sunlight, which makes it difficult to warm the surface of the continent.

  Arctic winter and summer

  In summer, on a polar day, the temperature in the Arctic is -32°C. In winter, during the polar night, it drops below -64 °C. The lowest temperature was -89°C, recorded at Vostok station. Strong winds reach 80-90 m/s.

  The subantarctic belt is located in the northern part of Antarctica. Here the climate is milder, and the layer of ice is not so thick and in some places exposes the rocks with mosses and lichens growing on them. Precipitation in the form of snow falls in small quantities. Temperatures in summer are slightly above 0°C.

  If you compare the climate zones in which Africa and Antarctica are located, you can once again see how radically the weather conditions on our planet can differ.

  Source: fb.ru

  Similar materials

  Education
  What climate zones is Australia located in? Australia: climate, climate zones and regions

  Australia is a continent that was not immediately explored by Europeans, it is remote and unusual. In addition, it is completely located in the other hemisphere, and is also the smallest on Earth. Explore its features...

  Education
  What climate zones is Australia located in - description, features and interesting facts

  Australia is the smallest continent on Earth. In addition, it also holds the title of the hottest and driest. Most of the continent lacks moisture, so there are a lot of deserts and semi-deserts, especially in the central…

  Education
  Climate of continent Eurasia. In what climate zones is Eurasia located?

  Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet. The climate of the continent is very diverse. What causes this? In what climatic zones is the continent of Eurasia located? Let's try to answer all these questions...

  Education
  In what climate zones is the Atlantic Ocean located?

  Average temperature of the Atlantic Ocean

  In order to determine in which climate zones the Atlantic Ocean is located, just look at the world map. It stretches from the northern ice islands and ends off the coast of Antarctica, crossing the…

  Education
  In what climate zone do dolphins live? A selection of interesting facts

  Amazing marine inhabitants, dolphins are mammals, and not fish at all, despite the fact that they spend their entire lives in water element. These creatures are very beautiful and intelligent, therefore they are kept in custody by man...

  Education
  Main climatic zones of the world: names, table and map. What climate zones are there in Russia?

  The weather in certain parts of our planet is always determined climatic zone. There are few of them, but in each hemisphere one or another natural area has its own characteristics. Now we will look at the main climatic...

  Business
  Which countries allow euthanasia? Types of euthanasia and attitudes towards it

  Translated from Greek, euthanasia means “good death,” and at all times the possibility of a seriously ill person to die of his own free will, without experiencing pain and suffering, has been supported or contested by ...

  home and family
  In what order do a child’s teeth erupt and at what age? Are there exceptions?

  With the birth of a new family member, parents acquire many different problems and responsibilities. Mom and dad always closely monitor their baby’s diet, growth and development. A very important event in the family every...

  home and family
  How to tie a kimono belt (karate): tips and tricks

  If you or your child decide to take up karate, then at the very first lesson you will be faced with the question of how to properly tie a kimono belt. By the way, they judge by how correctly a karateka’s belt is tied...

  Food and drink
  Who should eat bananas and when? Benefits and harms of the product

  It turns out that bananas are not only sweet, as we are used to seeing them on the domestic market. There are many varieties and varieties. Some bananas can be eaten raw, while others require mandatory heat...

  Most of the continent lies in a hot thermal zone. Between the two tropics, the midday sun is always high above and is at its zenith twice a year. Even in winter, average monthly temperatures do not fall below +18…+20 °C. The Sahara receives the most light and heat. Summer temperatures here are more than +30 °C. In the Tripoli area, the absolute maximum temperature on Earth was +58 °C. Africa is the hottest continent. covers the coast of the Gulf of Guinea (up to 7-8° N latitude) and a significant part of the Congo Basin (between 5° N.

  w. and 5° S. sh.), not reaching the Indian Ocean due to the significant height of East Africa. The boundaries of the belt are determined by the winter position of the tropical front of each hemisphere. Equatorial air dominates here all year round. Average monthly temperatures are high (25-28° C), and their course is uniform. Annual amplitudes are less than daily ones. Rising air currents, calms and weak winds predominate. Humidity is high and cloudiness is significant. There is a lot of precipitation (up to 2000 mm per year or more), and it is distributed evenly over the months. However, there are two particularly rainy periods, spring and autumn, separated by less rainy ones. Precipitation maxima are associated with strong evaporation at the zenithal position of the Sun. Precipitation is mainly convective, in mountainous areas and orographic.

  Subequatorial belts(northern and southern) encircle the equatorial climate zone, converging in the east of the continent, and extend from 17° N. w. up to 20° south w. They cover Sudan, East Africa and part of South Africa to the Zambezi, occupying about 1/3 of the continent. The southern subequatorial belt does not reach the Atlantic Ocean. The boundaries of the belts are determined by the winter and summer positions of the tropical front in each hemisphere. Characteristic changes in air masses with the seasons. In summer, equatorial air, carried by monsoons, dominates - summer is humid; In winter, dry tropical air, carried by trade winds, predominates - winter is dry, with very low relative humidity. Consequently, wet summer and dry winter seasons alternate throughout the year. Annual temperature amplitudes are increasing compared to the equatorial belt. The hottest time occurs at the beginning of the rainy season. However, even in the coolest months the temperature does not drop below +20° C. The annual precipitation on the plains ranges from 1500 to 250 mm on the border with tropical deserts, and on the windward slopes of the mountains it is much more; almost all of them fall in the summer. The duration of the wet period is reduced in the direction of the tropics from 10 to 2-3 months, respectively decreasing annual amounts precipitation and moisture. The driest areas are the Somali Peninsula, which is protected from the equatorial monsoon by the Ethiopian Highlands, and the northern part of Sudan, on the border with the tropical zone. The mountains of East Africa (Ethiopian Highlands, Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Rwenzori, etc.) have a clearly defined altitudinal climatic zone (up to the nival zone). In addition, the Ethiopian Highlands are distinguished by a sharp exposure difference in the climate of the western and eastern slopes.

  Tropical zones(northern and southern) extend to 30° N. w. and Yu. sh., cover almost the entire Sahara and the Kalahari basin with its marginal uplifts. Located between the winter position of the polar and summer position of the tropical fronts in each hemisphere. They occupy the largest territory compared to other climatic zones. Africa is a continent with a classic tropical climate. The northern tropical zone is especially well developed.

  In areas belonging to the tropical zones, continental tropical air persists all year round and trade winds prevail. The weather is mostly clear and the air is dry. Winter is warm, but noticeably colder than summer. The average temperatures of the warmest month are +3 0- +35°, the coldest month is not lower than +10°C. Temperature amplitudes are very large (annual about 20°C, daily - up to 40-50°C). There is little precipitation (no more than 50-150 mm per year); They fall irregularly, sporadically, in the form of short showers. Evaporation is approximately 20-25 times higher than actual evaporation. Such features are characteristic of dry, desert tropical climates (the world's largest desert, the Sahara, the southwestern Kalahari and the Namib Desert).

  In the west of the mainland (the Atlantic Sahara and the Namib Desert), the deserts are not so hot, with more humid sea air, fog and dew. Cold currents pass here and the influence of the eastern periphery of the Atlantic anticyclones is felt. Relative humidity air is great, but there is very little precipitation. It rains in Namibia even less often than in the Sahara, but heavy dew and fog are more common. Temperatures are low for these latitudes (the monthly average is usually below + 21 °C) and diurnal amplitudes are significantly less than in continental deserts. The climate is also extremely dry along the coast of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden; it is one of the hottest and driest places on the globe.

  In the southern tropical zone, in addition to the tropical desert climate, there is a tropical dry climate and a tropical humid (marine) climate. The first is characteristic of the Kalahari Basin, where much more precipitation falls than in the deserts; the second is for the east coast of South Africa, where the Drakensberg Mountains stand in the way of the wet trade winds.

  Subtropical zones(northern and southern) cover the extreme north and south of Africa. Here tropical air dominates in summer and temperate air in winter. Characterized by wet and dry periods. The seasonal variations in temperature, precipitation and winds are clearly expressed. The amount of precipitation ranges from 300-500 mm on the plains to 1500 mm or more on the windward slopes of the mountains. The Atlas Mountains, the Libyan-Egyptian coast and the extreme southwest of the mainland have a subtropical Mediterranean climate. Dry weather prevails in summer, cyclonic activity develops on the polar front in winter, and wet winter. Northwest and northern Africa experience greater seasonal temperature differences than the southwest. On the Mediterranean coast, average temperatures in July reach + 27 - + 28 °C, in January + 11 - + 12 °C. On the Cape Coast, the average temperature of the warmest month does not exceed +21 ° C, the coldest + 1 3 - + 14 ° C. In the extreme southeast of Africa, the climate is subtropical monsoon. with hot, rainy summers and relatively cold and dry winters. In winter, westerly winds hardly penetrate the southeast coast; this is prevented by the mountains. In winter there is relatively little precipitation. In summer, winds from the Indian Ocean blow along the entire southeast coast, leaving large amounts of moisture on the eastern slopes of the Drakensberg Mountains.

  ⇐ Previous567891011121314Next ⇒

  

  Africa is the hottest continent on Earth, to which it owes its geographical location. The continent is located in four climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical. Africa is located between 37° north and 34° south latitude - that is, in equatorial and tropical latitudes.

  Most of the continent lies in a hot thermal zone. Between the two tropics, the midday sun is always high above and is at its zenith twice a year. Even in winter, average monthly temperatures do not fall below +18…+20 °C. The Sahara receives the most light and heat. Summer temperatures here are more than +30 °C. In the Tripoli area, the absolute maximum temperature on Earth was +58 °C. Africa is the hottest continent. Africa is located on the shores of the Gulf of Guinea and stretches inland to Lake Victoria. The equatorial air mass dominates here all year round, so there are no seasons, it is constantly hot here, and it rains very often. Due to abundant moisture (2-3 mm per year) and a very warm climate (above +20°-+30°C throughout the year), a natural humid zone has formed here. equatorial forests. The forests of Africa are home to an unimaginable number of animal and plant species, many of which are still unknown to science. The interior regions of the equatorial belt remain uninhabited.

  Subequatorial belt Surrounds the equatorial from the north, east and south. In contrast, there is no longer year-round rain here, but distinct rainy and dry seasons appear. In summer, the belt is dominated by an equatorial air mass, bringing the rainy season. The amount of precipitation and the duration of this season decrease with distance from the equator. In areas of the mainland where the season lasts most of the year, variable-humid forests are formed, and where the rainy season lasts less than six months, precipitation is no longer sufficient for the development of woody vegetation - open forests and savannas appear there. It is worth noting that summer in Africa falls on June-August in the northern hemisphere and December-February in the southern, therefore, when the rainy season occurs in one part of the subequatorial belt, the tropical air mass dominates in the opposite part - that is, the dry season begins.

  Tropical zone Africa is clearly divided into northern and southern. The weather here is clear all year round and there is practically no rain.

  The amount of precipitation decreases as you move deeper into the continent. Since a very large area of ​​Africa is located precisely in the northern tropical latitudes, optimal conditions for the formation of deserts are formed here - dry air, increased pressure due to the tropical air mass and distance from the ocean. That is why Africa is considered the continent of classical desert development. In addition to the aridity of the African tropics, it should be noted that there are huge temperature differences. In summer, when the Sun rises high, it literally heats up the desert sand, and the air temperature rises above 30 and even 40 degrees. The highest air temperature in Africa and throughout the world was recorded in the Libyan Desert and amounted to +58°C. At the same time, after sunset the temperature drops sharply by several tens of degrees, and on winter nights it even drops to negative values.

  Subtropical zone stretches out in a narrow strip along the northern coast of Africa, as well as in the very south of the continent. It is also divided into northern and southern. In the subtropics, two air masses change throughout the year: in the summer a tropical one comes, which is why summer in the subtropics is hot and dry, and in the winter moderate air comes, bringing precipitation. A natural zone of hard-leaved and evergreen forests has formed here. However, it has not been preserved in its original form almost anywhere, since the territory of the subtropics is actively being transformed by economic activity person.

  < Вернуться в раздел "Африка"

  < На главную страницу