We all know well that the largest animals, or animal giants lived on our land millions of years ago - these are various dinosaurs, mammoths, terrible birds and many-many other prehistoric animals. Their giant sizes and appearance seem to be stunning today.
But today our world is full of the most amazing creatures that are striking with their forms and sizes. It is even difficult to imagine that it could affect their height and weight, but they are, what is the main thing that they quite comfortably feel themselves among us. What kind of animals are and in what natural conditions They live about it today and let's talk. The rating is based on mass, height and also the length of animals.
1st place. Blue, or Blue Kit
The largest animal from now living on earth is blue, or blue whale (lat. Balaenoptera Musculus.). Even dinosaurs can not with him - its size is impressive. This marine mammal grows up to 30 meters long, the weight may be more than 180 tons, even the language of this giant weighs about 2.7 tons (the size of the Asian elephant, medium sizes). Blue Whale Heart Mass About 600 kilograms is the biggest heart in the world.
Huge light blue whales (volume of which - 3 thousand liters) allow it to be at a depth without access of oxygen about 20 minutes. Maximum speedDeveloped by this mammal about 35 km / h, and the fountain produced by it occurring at the surface exit - up to 10 m.
2nd place. Sperm whale
Next Representative - (Lat. Physter Catodon.) - the only representative of the family of couching. It is the largest among the tooth whales. Male Cachelot grows up to 20 m in length, and it weighs up to 50 tons. Females less impressive sizes - from 11 to 13 m, and about 15 tons weigh.
Interestingly, the head of an adult is approximately 35% of the entire length of the body. Cashulotes and larger sizes are found, but it is rather an exception. In nature, Pokshlotov practically no enemies. The exceptions are Kosyokki, attackers on females and a cub, with an adult male they can not.
3rd place. African elephant
African elephant (lat. Loxodonta africana.) - The biggest land animal inhabiting on Earth. Includes two types - and. It takes in this rating the honorable third place. With a height of 3 to 3.5 meters and the length of the body - 6-7.5 m, the mass of these animals can reach up to 6, or even 12 tons. The female of the African elephant is smaller males: they grow up to 2.7 meters in height and 5.4-6.9 m - in length.
Despite its impressive sizes, it can move at a speed of 35-40 km / h (a person will quietly). During the day, it can eat 300 kg of plant food. Because of his huge mass sleeps standing. Very clever animal, which is capable of mutual assistance and compassion. But despite this, refers to the most dangerous animal of the planet.
4th place. Indian elephant
Indian, or Asian elephant (lat. Elephas Maximum) - the second largest land animal after the African Elephant. The height can reach 2.5-3.5 m, the length of its body is about 5.5-6 m, and the tail of this elephant is not short - 1-1.5 m. Weigh this elephant can from 5 to 5.5 tons . Females, just like african elephants significantly less.
These elephants are forest residents. Prefer bright tropical and subtropical wide forests With a thick undergrowth, which consists of a shrub and bamboo. Easily moving through thick forests and marsh terrain. Live in groups that head the most adult and experienced female.
5th place. Southern Sea Elephant
Southern Sea Elephant (Lat. Mirounga Leonina.) - It is considered the largest lastonor in the world. These large and obese animals can grow up to 6 m in length and weight up to 4-5 tons.
Under water can be about 2 hours (officially registered record), plunge into a depth of more than 1,300 meters. All your life is brought in the ocean, and rarely choshov is chosha - mainly in the breeding season.
6th place. Hippopotamus, or Hippo
Hippo (lat. Hippopotamus amphibius) - Mammal from the squad of the man-fusion and povelty suburbs. Native African resident.
Hippo can steal up to 1.5-1.65 meters, the body length can be from 3 to 5 meters, and the weight is 3 tons and more. These animals increase their mass throughout their lives, also all their lives are growing teeth and can reach 0.5 m in length. Interestingly, only the skin weighs 0.5 tons.
7th place. White rhinoceros
White rhino (lat. Ceratotherium Simum) - 2nd largest herbivores. Adults are growing in height - up to 1.6-2 m, in length about 3.8-4.2 m.
The average weight of white rhino is about 3 tons, there are individuals much larger - about 8 tons. It is interesting that the white rhino is not white at all, but rather gray. He probably received such a name from a distorted bursk word "Wijde", which means "Winged" - consonant with english word "White" (Rus. White).
8th place. Walrus
Walruses (lat. Odobenus Rosmarus.) - one of the ancient large animals existing since the last glacial period. Fossils found in San Francisco Bay are dating approximately 28 thousand years.
And now these giants grow yes 3 m in length and weighing up to 2 tons, the thickness of the skin (on the neck and shoulders of males) to 10 cm, and the fat layer is up to 15 cm. Large are perfectly adapted for living in the harsh conditions of the Arctic. They feed on the main molluscs, but they can eat fish.
9th place. Black Rhino
Black rhino (lat. Rhinoceros bicornis) - Slightly smaller than white. The mass of this animal does not exceed 1.5-2 tons, the length of the body is about 3-3.5 meters, the height in the shoulders - 1.5-1.6 m. Their habit of moving among the same paths and weak eyesight makes them vulnerable and defenseless before poachers.
There are no natural enemies in black rhino, so it is absolutely not harmful and because of this automatically becomes easy trophy for hunters. It is interesting that the body of black rhino is more stretched in length and it is easier than white.
10th place. Gun crocodile
Groom, or sea crocodile (lat. Crocodylus Porosus.) - The largest and most massive reptile on the planet. The rowing crocodile can grow to 5.5-7 meters (usually 5 m) in length, the weight of an adult individual (male) is from 409 kg to 1.5 tons.
Interesting fact: He has a high commercial value due to its skin, from which various kinds of clothes, shoes, etc. are made of fishery and divorce on crocodile farms.
Modern types of animals are completely not inferior in size to prehistoric animals, however, if a person does not relate to wildlife With due respect, they will all die as well as those that lived millions of years ago.
I was asked a good question: "How to build operational management in the company where everyone went crazy on project activities?". The question is wonderful, as it reflects many trends that exist in modern business. He spawned a thread of reflection. Who wanted to write down, passing about those myths that walk in the market and infect brains of entrepreneurs and managers. Immediately I want to warn the reader that reflections are multidirectional and I did not even make serious attempts to structure them, and the subtitles did simply to alleviate perception.
What is common with the organization and computer?
First, let's compare the organization with a computer. Without the operating system, it is just a piece of iron. High-tech, dear, but still, hardware. Which can please look, but do not bring any more benefit. It seems to look like a fully equipped office without employees. Or with employees who do not communicate with each other come to workplace And sit all day without a case. That is, potentially can benefit, but do not bring.
If the operating system is installed and works, then you can install application programs that make something useful. At the same time, the OS itself does not offer any visible result. She "just" provides the ability to work programs. The quality of the operating system can be different. Some programmers deeply studied the possibilities of "iron" and wrote a program that ensure full performance. Yes, and created a full-fledged guide for future applied software developers. Others - made on a crayfish, so that at least somehow worked. Yes, and so that application programs can only write a duct fan, which is not too lazy by samples and errors to find out the properties of the system. Any applied software will work in the first system. In the second only a couple of programs, and even then with failures.
Persons in the organization
And now back to organizations. Here everything is very similar, but a little more difficult. In humans that make up the executive mechanism of the company, the operating system was initially installed. That is, they can think, talk, make decisions, carry out some operations. However, each transaction has its own. And it is not always compatible with a similar neighbor system. Therefore, the Organization requires such a set of rules that not only make the mechanism work, but also ensure the compatibility of all components. Write in this article about how to do this I will not. For, firstly, this is a topic for other reflection, and secondly I am writing about it all the time.
Where are you looking for a way?
The universal way to build an organization, suitable and stall, and the plant, and a trading company, the market does not offer. Is that the state indicates several mandatory clauses of the Charter, yes sets the requirements for the design of relations with employees, transactions with partners and financial statements. Where does this set of rules come from? Naturally, those who have already managed to build effective organizations. Those who show high market results. From leaders.
And the entrepreneurs are thrown into all serious. Learning the experience of successful companies. Consider books on how to achieve business success. And they are trying to apply the same rules in their companies. However ... Attempts to postpone successful management models to most of the organizations most often suffer. Where are numerous "zappos"? Where is "Patagonia"? Where is Toyota? Where "Tavrid Electric"? All of them are unique. Even despite the fact that these companies are actively divided by "secrets", in other places it is not possible to achieve the same personnel involvement or the same quality or the same system of relations. So maybe it's not what specifically the technique is applied in these companies? Maybe it's in the business system? In those deep rules that are laid in the system initially. Which are not visible to the naked eye, but they have a critical impact on any process in the company. Tell me.
And what are actually trying to transfer entrepreneurs and managers to their companies? Regulations and working routine? Bonus accrual rules? The essence of conversations in smoking? No matter how. For the most part, they are trying to introduce only theses they read in the books, heard at seminars or received on excursions to successfully enterprises. Theses that, according to successful entrepreneurs, led their companies to success. "Organize the processes", "Take care of people", "Consider money" correctly, "Be active", etc. I can say with confidence that these slogans do not change the year from year to years over the past hundred years, at least. Only faces on the covers and examples given in the books themselves are changing.
And technology?
What about the management technologies? They write a little about them in motivating literature. That is, they say a lot about what needs to be done and very little about how. And here the army of consultants come into business. Both professional and not very. Offering specific methods. Moreover, it is interesting, the methods are also, as a rule, do not shine novelty. But regularly change the names. After all, learning methods is the same business as everyone else. And according to the laws of marketing, it should regularly offer the "new" product to the consumer.
The success of the same consulting projects is actually determined by only one: they make people what is written in smart books or not. Maybe therefore, the most successful are IT projects. After their implementation, it is simply impossible not to fulfill the requirements - the button does not click at the right time, you will not get the result. True, many manage to ignore and such this, because of what expensive managerial software works in itself, and managers themselves.
Who is stronger - elephant or shark?
But regularly heard spores resembling "My Kung Fu is better than your kung fu." This will argue supporters of different approaches. "Project management is the only way" - they say one. "You need structured management" - others meet. "Business processes!!!". "The linear functional scheme is that the world will save!". "The matrix! Only the matrix! " True, then they come to their jobs and make, with different levels of quality, ordinary management actions (well, of course, if they have anyone to lead): They put tasks, boil employees for mistakes, write to the diary task and think, entrust them to someone Or it is easier to make yourself.
The essence of the disputes themselves most often lies in the fact that each of the arguing people at one time "rushed" by some particular technique, which he is now trying to adjust the whole world. Often, not paying attention to whether the method is actually happening. And this is the consequence of the fact that developers of specific methodologies a lot (although not so), and the developers of integral models are small. But in fact, to argue about whether the process approach or project is better, it is useless. Each methodology should be applied at a certain point in time and be relevant worthy of tasks. Both can exist absolutely without interfering with each other. And more often, helping. To argue about, to introduce PMBOK or Agile (yes! I heard such a dispute!) - In general, it is harmful. For the truth in such a dispute is not born, and the disputing usually do not own any other. But apologists of this or that teaching logic is not a decree. Some even the passing of regular reporting declare the project.
And the main thing watched?
In the meantime, it is worth remembering that any methodology is not an operating system. This is an applied software. Which is established on the culture - a set of beliefs, traditions and rituals adopted in a particular country, terrain and company. Installed on the basic values \u200b\u200bof employees and customers. And on the system of basic regulations of the company. Try, for example, to introduce Agile in the company, where it is not accepted to strive for the result, but there is a tradition to arrange Avral at the end of each period. Or try to create Zappos where people do not like each other and compete for amenities and rewards. Or "Mariott" where there is a tradition to consider tourists with cattle. It should be remembered that such a "operating system" is often established by default. And without replacing it with a more modern and technological product, thinking about the use of any methodology is simply impossible. First you need to provide "elementary" things: basic regulations, work discipline, motivation rules, etc. And for this you will have to remove all aggressive carriers of old culture from the company, and the rest to convince creating new traditions. Otherwise, it turns out the same as when trying to install the application for iPhone on Android. That is, it can be recorded in memory, but it will not work. Although ... you can be proud that you still have it. Already a lot. To be a subject of pride it is not at all necessary to work (no, I do not hint at the turquoise savings bank).
Long and hard
However, the reboot of values, regulations, motivational system, ideology is the work of a long, mutual, difficult and not giving results "right here and now." Approximately the same as required in order to achieve results in the gym - you can't cost only simulators: I need and proper diet, and the right routine, and even the right thoughts. Therefore, the majority misses this part and immediately moves to and the study and implementation of the "magic wand". In the same way, as in the gym newcomers immediately grab the most heavy barbell, inflicting injuries and completely chopping the desire to continue training. And the magic wands are divided into two categories: those that give at least some result, a little by changing the worldview of the owner itself, and those that are not allowed at all. The first striking entrepreneurs who acquire a persistent belief that there is a universal way to improve the company. The second is also trying, but forced to believe that there is no universal improvement method. Or rather, that there are no ways at all. Then the conversations happen: "We tried it, and that. Nothing works, because we did not work. " Both are garbage.
Fairy tales in which you want to believe
But still, many believe that somewhere there are mysterious people, with unattainable intelligence and worldview, which managed to create something successful, despite the fact that it contradicts elementary logic. But looks like it removes a large amount of load from the entrepreneur. For example, in many companies wandered about "flat" structures. In reality, I have not yet seen a single structure that works and bring results. Most often it is systems that overload managers to control and lose efficiency. And the most responsible employees work for everyone else, only at the same time they do not have real authority, because now they are called not by leaders, but by "mentors" or somehow else. But the normal hierarchy is needed by any company.
Or believe that there are such IT systems that derive companies to a new level. However, no system will work for employees. She only can force them to make certain actions and reduce the number of employees themselves, reducing negative influence human factor. But is it a new level?
And many other entrepreneurs believe that by applying cunning tools, they can make hired employees think just like them. They believe that leadership can be taught. And at the same time, that there is a magical way to carry out all this without changing their own habits. Well, what ... Crystal balls and patented means have always found their audience.
Well, her, this reality
Once I also believed that there are secrets that simply need to be displayed in order to create ideal systems. And then it turned out that the secret one. Those who achieve real success or have a unique product that provides the company leadership in a specific segment for a certain time, which is enough to build a "modern technological" company. Either there is a monopoly. Or a unique managerial, who managed to infect his ideas the whole company. And in all these companies there is a built system of regulations, rules and ideas. The correct operating system is valid, without which all "secrets" become useless. But it is more difficult to believe in it. There is nothing magical in it.
Work, pancake
Well, and ending with this confused stream of thoughts, I will answer one question "And what to do?", Which I regularly ask entrepreneurs and managers. Work. And hope is not a miracle, but on the painstaking system construction. That is, in fact, on yourself.
In the documentary film show a large white shark, sailing past scabulae in cells. You freeze in fear, because it is a huge white shark - healthy, terrible, carnivorous predator! And you know that it is big, even huge, but only until we see it in comparison with poor tiny divers hiding in their cells. Only then do you truly realize the breathtaking dimensions of this animal!
In fact, most of us do not really know how great some animals are. Even have no idea! But do not worry, if it is about you, today you will see animals, the size of which is actually much more than you assume!
The fact is that animals have different shapes and sizes. Some people as a defining factor use their weight, believing that the most severe animal automatically becomes the largest. Others believe that the largest animal is the longest, while the third under the concept of the "biggest" meaning of an animal (height).
In a word, in any way we measured animals, there is no doubt that animals exist incredibly huge sizes! For example, almost everyone knows that blue whale And the African Elephant is the largest animals of the planet (therefore, naturally, they are also included in this list).
But what does it mean? How big are they? How can you compare them with the dimensions of what we know are beautiful: for example, the size of a football field, buildings or even a bus!
After you better learn about these animals, you think you will have more idea of \u200b\u200btheir size (and this discovery may be shocking you). Before you - 25 animals, which are much more than you assume!
25. Big white shark
A large white shark is famous for its frightening sizes: adults, on average, grow up to 4.6 meters long, although there were individuals and up to 6 meters, weighing up to 1.9 tons. For example, Leonardo di Caprio can tell about one such close.
24. AFALINA, OR LIGHT DELFIN
Cute, very smart and incredibly friendly aphalines are associated exclusively with benevolence. Seeing on TV or in the videos laid out on the Internet, as they dance out of the water and jump through the rings, speaking on the show in water parks, it is quite difficult to present their impressive dimensions.
However, the dimensions of the aphalines may vary within 2-4 meters, and their weight can reach 150-650 kg. If you swim next to these animals, they will almost double to exceed you in size (or even more if you feel about low humans).
23. Cachelot
Cachelotes are considered the largest chips on the planet. Adult males grow up to 17-20 meters long, reaching weight about 40-50 tons, which means that Boeing 737-800 with a maximum take-off mass of 75 tons, it will not be able to lift two such animals into the air.
22. Hippos, or ordinary Hippo
Hippo - large, obese animals, which are the third largest ground mammals (after elephants and white rhinos). They grow up to 3.3-5 meters in length, reaching weight up to 3 tons. This is an approximate length and weight of the Hummer H2 SUV.
21. Lev.
Widely known as the "king of animals", the adult lion can exceed 250 kg in weight - it is almost the weight of two such people as a brocker Brock Lesnar (Brock Lesnar).
20. Ostrich
Ostrich are the largest of modern birds. Usually they weigh somewhere within 63-145 kg, almost like two adults, growing up to 2.7 meters long.
Ostrichs are known for their power and long legs that help them in just one step overcome 3-5 meters. Their strong paws are also a formidable weapon, since the ostrich one blow can kill a person or even such a large animal as a lion.
19. Dark Tiger Python
Dark Tiger Python is one of the three largest stem species in the animal kingdom. Its length, on average, is 3.7 meters, however, in nature there was a 5.74 meters long. Yes, it is longer than the height of most trees that grow in your area.
18. Ligr
Hybrid mix of Leo and Tigritis, Ligr is the largest of all the well-known and now living representatives of the cat's family. The weight of the adult individual, as a rule, exceeds 300 kg, and the length of the lira standing on the hind legs can reach 3.66-4 meters. So that you presented how high this, let's say that the height of the average single-storey house is about 3 meters.
17. Blue or Blue Kit
Being a length of 30 meters long and having a weight of 180 tons, the blue whales are the largest animals living on our planet, and possibly the most seriously of all ever existed on Earth, including dinosaurs.
Just for comparison: Blue Whale is almost two city buses long and weighing 10 times more. Now every time at the sight of two buses parked near, you will remember the blue whale.
16. Combat Bull
Battle bulls are bulls involved in the Spanish Big Corrida. The height of the adult individual (in the withers) is 1.55 meters. Adult combat bull weighs in the range of 500-700 kg, almost as much as the Formula 1 car (702 kg) together with the rider.
15. Promotional crocodile
Promotional crocodile, also known as a sea crocodile or crocodile, believing towards the family of real crocodiles - the largest reptile on the planet. It is also considered the world's largest land or coastal predator located on top of the food chain.
Adult medium-sized males reach a length of 5 meters and can weigh almost 450 kg - even heavyweight, winner of the world record in Powerlifting (430 kg) could not raise one of them. However, some males can achieve in length and 7 meters, weighing almost 2 tons.
14. Grizzly
Most adult females of Grizzly weigh about 130-180 kg, while males grow up to 180-360 kg, that is, weighing almost four Leonardo di Caprio, which weighs 79 kg.
13. Tuna
Tuna - Marine Fish, belonging to Thunnini tribe, which consists of 15 species belonging to 5 births. The size of the representatives of this tribe can vary greatly. The dimensions are the largest of them, an ordinary tuna, make up 4.6 meters in length and 684 kg of weight. This is more than John Brower Minnoh (Jon Brower Minnoch) is the most difficult person in the history of mankind, weighing impressive 635 kilograms.
12. White or polar bear
White bears are large carnivorous animals living in cold climates (within the northern polar circle).
The largest ever registered polar bear weighed 1000 kg. On the average, polar bears can reach 3 meters in height, standing on the hind legs. It is higher than the most a tall man In the history of mankind (Robert Wodloe), the growth of which was 2.72 meters.
11. Ordinary Wolf
An ordinary wolf is one of the largest representatives of its family currently. Male, on average, weigh 43-45 kg, and females - 36-39 kg.
Wolves are also known for their huge appetite: they can eat 9 kg of food in one sitting. This is more than an ordinary family of 8-10 people can eat during Sunday lunch.
10. Japanese spider crab
Adult sir of giant japanese spider crab It can reach 4 meters in the scope of the paw, 45 cm in the length of Carapaks and weight of 20 kg.
Japanese spiders are considered largest arthropods, famous person. To give you an idea of \u200b\u200btheir huge sizes, let's say that the average American compact sedan is 4.27 meters long. This crab can grab almost the entire car with its cushions.
9. Tiger
On average, the length of the body of these predatory animals varies in the range of 1.5-2.9 meters, and the weight ranges from 75 to 325 kilograms.
The largest tigers, amur or Siberian tigers can reach a length of 3.3 meters and weigh 300 kg. Just think for a moment: a tiger is more than 8 times heavier than the average family dog \u200b\u200b(if you take Labrador as an example).
8. Spotted hyena
Spotted hyenas are the largest of the three types of hyenas. The remaining two types are brown and striped hyenas. Adults reach 1.3 meters in length, weighing 40-64 kg.
Spotted hyena is known for its proportion to the big heart, which makes 1% of the body weight, which gives these animals a greater endurance during a long chase.
7. Giraffe
Thanks to mine long legs And the neck, the giraffes are the highest mammals on our planet. Only the leg of the giraffe is much longer than the average height of a man (177 cm). Adults weigh 900-1200 kg and reach a height of 5.5-6.1 meters - it's almost like a two-story building!
6. Los
Elk is the largest view Family of deer. Males can be easily recognized by their huge horns, which reaches 1.83 meters.
The size of the moose is very easy to underestimate, but adult individuals in any case can reach 2.3 meters in the withers. If a person with an increase in 1.83 meters will rise next to the moose, the animal will rise above it for several more tens of centimeters.
5. African Elephant
African elephants are the largest land animals on Earth. They are a little more than their Asian fellow. The largest of ever registered African elephants reached 4 meters in the shoulders and weighed more than 10 tons. With amendment in one way or another, but it is almost 5 Jeep Grand Cherokee SUVs.
4. Filin
Filin, inhabiting for most of the territory of Eurasia, is one of the largest representatives of the detachment of the cognizance. The females grow up to 75 cm long in length with a wings of 188 cm. Males are slightly smaller in size.
3. Medusa Nomura
Nomura Medusa - very large
At all times, people were especially interested in objects whose sizes are many times greater than or less than human sizes. Let's ask and we will ask who of organisms living on earth the biggest and smallest? It turns out that in every kingdom of wildlife there are its "record holders"!
Plants giants and dwarfs. Among plants are the biggest - trees, giant eucalyptus. They grow in Australia and reach a 100-meter height! This is the height of the 30-storey house! In the seas of the southern hemisphere, the largest algae in the world is a burglar macrocistis. Of course, no pear on it grows, but its total length can reach 300 m! And the smallest plants? These are the smallest algae in the thickness of the reservoirs - phytoplankton. Great this word and means "soar or wandering plants". Please note that the words "Phytoplankton" and "Planet" have a common Greek root! And those and these wanders! Phytoplanktonic organisms consist of one or more cells, and many of them are visible only under the microscope. But then their mass is just huge. The weight of the oceans, seas, lakes and reservoirs of phytoplankton, biologists are estimated at 30 billion tons! Did you pay attention to how in a quiet and warm summer day the water in a small lake suddenly became green? It is said that water "bloomed." In fact, this is a propagating phytoplankton "painted" water in green. Make a little such water with a glass and consider it on the light of the closer. See yourself!
Ocean giants. Well, the biggest animals inhabit the oceans. Look at Figure 14, where the record holders are compared in size with a person.
Whales. The largest animal on earth is blue whale. He is a representative of the mammalian class. The largest of the caught whales had a length of 33 m and weighed almost 150 tons, which is equal to weight
25-30 elephants or 150 bulls! His heart weighed as much as a large horse weighs - almost 700 kg, and one language is 2 tons! Yes, and the length of the newborn kitenka is also rather big - 8 m, and the "baby" weighs 6 tons. Keith feeds on small crustaceans - races and shrimps - zooplankton. Therefore, whale does not pose a threat to humans. Rather, the opposite. But his power is huge. There have been cases when whale to scratch your back, rubbed about the bottom of small ship and turned them away! Whale, like all mammals, breathes atmospheric air. Therefore, before diving sometimes dozens of meters, makes a deep breath and delays breathing for a few minutes. And the newborn pints should also make the first breath, then to start his hard life path in the ocean. One scientific riddle is connected with whales. The fact is that whales are often thrown ashore without visible reasons and die under the weight of their own weight. Biologists still torment the question why this happens. Previously, whales were exterminated, and in the oceans there were no more than 40 thousand. Now the hunt for them is limited and is strictly regulated by international agreements.
Fish. In the class of fish there are about 20 thousand species. And the largest - whale shark, whose length is almost 20 m! It is also called a giant shark. But she also feeds on zooplankton and is not dangerous for a person. But in the oceans and seas inhabit about 300 different species Of the most dangerous sharks with dimensions from tens of centimeters up to 14 m. Sharks are one of the most ancient animals. They have excellent eyesight and smell. By the way, it is believed that sharks are afraid of orange and another ... shocks on the nose! Of course, it is possible to dress in orange, but they are better not to beat them on the nose. Therefore, we will not check the validity of this judgment - let it remain hypothesis. Shark floating man notice at a distance of 100 m. One of the most ferocious is the shark karhadon. This 12-meter predator is armed with several rows of sharp triangular teeth with a length of 5 cm. The teeth it easily refills the steel ropes! No wonder fishermen find sharks in the stomachs plastic bottles, empty cans and even steel hooks! Moreover, telegraph cables running at large depths on the ocean bottom carry hundreds and thousands of traces of shark bites. The shark katran dwelling in the Black Sea reaches a length of one and a half meters. Its white meat is very tasty. However, most sharks are inedible. Nevertheless, specially cooked fins of some sharks are very tasty and, for example, the Chinese are considered a delicacy. The section of biology studies fish is called ichthyology. Greek "Intis" is a fish.
Squid and octopuses. Almost 25-meter length have living in the tropical seas giant squid and octopuses. They represent an ancient type of mollusks in which about 80 thousand species. This also includes, for example, mollusks, which we often do not quiteably call the "shells". In the ancient times, squid and octopus attributed fantastic strength and bloodthity. They were depicted on engravings terrible monsters carrying into the ocean beams of ships and people! However, besides old drawings, other serious evidence of the attack of these animals does not exist. Sometimes squid joined the fight with whales, but why do they do it, scientists still do not know.
Jellyfish. Achieving 20-25-meter long-length giant polar jellyfish - representatives of the type of intestinal, in which about 13 thousand species. The body of gigantic jellyfish consists of a jelly-like translucent bell, from which huge tentacles are driving. Tentacles poisonous and used by jellyfish for fishing small fish and zooplankton. Jellyfish, like many other marine inhabitants, are very sensitive to the approaching storm and go to the depth.
Giants on land. Compared to the oceans on land, animals have smaller sizes.
Elephants.. The largest of them is the African Savanian Long Lean Elephant. Elephant is a mammal. Its weight reaches 5- ■ 7.5 tons, and the growth is 3.5-4 m. The heart of the elephant makes only 25 shots per minute, and field mouseFor example, all 300. Despite the impressive dimensions, the elephants are good-natured if they are not offended. They feed on the leaves of trees and herbs. Very love to swim. Elephants live only in Africa and Asia. In India and some other countries, people use them for gravity. But not an elephant - the strongest animal in the world. About who is stronger, we will tell me later.
Giraffes. Another mammalian representative - African Giraffe is the highest land animal. Remember! The same giraffe who earlier will notice us on the horizon. His growth reaches 6 m! Giraffe - herbivore. Do you know that the giraffe is a half-meter language? That's probably loves to chat!
Snakes.The longest snake is the South American Water Break of Anaconda. E1go Length exceeds 10 m. It represents the class of reptiles, in which about 4 thousand species of snakes, turtles and lizards. Lives Anaconda B. tropical forests. And feeds on animals that climb on the shores of the reservoirs, it is pounced on them, stifling in their arms, and then swallows entirely. Break, like all snakes, is an animal with pronounced irregularity. We now know that food processing requires energy costs - calories. Therefore, the feeling of afternoon gravity is familiar to everyone. However, the feelings that we experience do not go to any comparison with what "experiences" by the Break after their lunch. The fact is that food intakes from the boys are often divided by "unplanned" posts that continue to 2-3 months! But if you have robbed, the boa can swallow the "dish" equal to half of its own weight! When digesting such a "lunch", the consumption of oxygen at the boobs increases 17 times! At the absorption of food, he mobilizes all the forces of his body and soul and spends so many calories that can lie for several days motionless! Among poisonous snakes There are also your giants. The biggest one is the royal Cobra-Gamadriad - reaches a length of 5.5 meters! Sometimes it attacks even elephants, although without much result. By the way, in snakes, as well as in cats, and some other animals, there are special sense authorities - peculiar "thermal locators". With their help, they perceive infrared thermal radiation and see their victims even in complete darkness!
Crocodiles. The world's largest crocodiles live in the mouth of the warm tropical Australian rivers or in Zabolo-Iehhhbix places. Their length exceeds 10-12 m. They represent the ancient class of amphibians, in which about 2 thousand species of Tritons, frogs and other companies. All of them are equally well feeling in water and on land. Hence the name. Cricaodile is selected. But when there is no prey - it becomes a fast and fierce predator! By the way, crocodiles are very ancient animals, and their body has a rather complicated structure. For example, a crocodile may be for more than an hour under water not breathing!
Birds. In the class of birds, almost 2 thousand species. And the biggest bird is an African ostrich. His height is 2 m, the weight reaches 200 kg, and it can live an ostrich if no one can eat it up to 50, ■ then to 70 years. Ostrich does not fly, but runs so quickly that he can gather a gambling horse! Ostrich Egg 20 times more smoke and accommodates 1-1.5 liters of water! True, boil such an egg should not be less than half an hour. Fish's female brings per year to 100 eggs. Therefore, people have long paid attention to these birds. For some time, ostrises are bred at home.
At first they did it on farms in Africa and Australia, and now in Europe and North America. Ostrich has a lot of power - the paw blow can not only knock down, but also kill a person. Birds studies the section of biology - ornithology. In Greek "Ornithos" - a bird.
Well, who among living organisms are the smallest?
Get acquainted with alive dwarfs. Each of the kingdoms has its own dwarfs - unicellular organisms. Their sizes make up hundredths and thousands of millimeters! To imagine how small, for example, bacteria, it is enough to say that in 1 cubic meter. SM is placed 600 billion bacteria! And among those whom we can see without a microscope, there are also dwarfs. For example, on the surface of quiet reservoirs, rain leaflets are growing. The dimensions of its leaves do not exceed 2-10 mm. The marsh dwarf frog fits on the mother's nail! The smallest bird - hummingbirds dwells in tropical forests. She does not more bee, and weighs like a small coin!
The world ocean became a house for sharks - creatures of aggressive and voracious, towing horror On many marine inhabitants And on people. Nature "provided" by their acute teeth, a powerful streamlined body and "nordic" character. But it turns out that there are species, looking at which I can not believe that these are sharks, and their behavior is not at all a "shark" ...
Carpet shark or bearded Wobbebeong
Agree, she is not like a shark at all. These bottom marine animals common in warm waters grow in a length of a little more than a meter, but three meters are sometimes found. The body at Vobbegonga is flat, expanding to the head with rather non-psychotic fish, inexpressive unwigherous eyes, small teeth and skin growths resembling a beard. They are carpet shark "sinks" sea \u200b\u200bbottom, Looking for food - crabs, shrimp, mollusks, iglozzy and small fish. Spotted skin allows the bearded Wobberegong to mask well at the bottom, merging with corals and algae.
Interesting fact. Almost all types of sharks need to move to breathe. And Vobbegongi can breathe without moving. These are low-lifting animals. Consequently, the calories they burn less, so they need a little food.
Carpet sharks are not dangerous for people, although they still do not need to touch them or grab about the tail - can bite.
Fox shark
Other its names are "Marine Fox" or "Sea Thickness". The most outstanding part of the body of this shark is a big tail. It needs it not at all for beauty or for the convenience of swimming, but for hunting. Roasting fish, the fox of shark begins to circle around them, swinging the tail and driving fish into dense flock. Then the shark diving down the "fish heaps", camping up, and it hits the "potential dinner" by force. The tail speed at this moment is 80 km / h, so the fish has no chance that the fish have no chance of being saved. Hence the name - "Sea throat". Shark is very voracious, so stupid fish is quickly starting enough. If its stomach is already full, and the fish killed on the surface of the water there is still there, the fox of the shark jerks part of the eaten fish, and begins to devour still floating on the water. Here is a vivid example of limitless greed! Shark's fox can be hunted on live fish, even jumping out of the water. This often serves her bad service, as a careless shark often managed to catch his outstanding tail for fishing gear.
Shark-Elephant or Giganskaya (Giant) Shark
This giant with a squeezed body and a short trunk with a short trunk grows up to 10 meters long and weighs more than 4 tons. The mouth of this shark is so large (up to three meters in diameter) that small teeth are completely invisible. It would seem that having such a mouth, you can easily eat large animals. But no. Shark-elephant eats only plankton. She, slowly floating with open mouth, pumps a huge amount of water with plankton, the water then filters through the gills, and the plankton swallows. Its stomach can accommodate up to a ton of food.
W. giant shark There is another name - the "brazing shark", as it loves to swim on the surface of the water, substituting its powerful body with a warm sun. Especially actively, the Giant Shark feeds in the summer and in the spring, and in the cold season, when the plankton becomes less, it either feeds at the expense of body fat reserves, or falls in search of plankton on great depth (up to 1 km).
The liver of this shark is 1/5 of its weight, fat is considered very useful for a person, and meat with bones found the use of people. Therefore, these giants are massively destroyed. And sorry, because they are completely harmless.
Hammerhead shark
Shark-ham is one of the largest sharks (from 5 to 7 meters) and one of the most ancient fish of our planet (more than 25 million years). Weight can reach 350 kg. These sharks live in warm seas.
This shark has a very unusual head with two parties located on the sides, on which small eyes are visible and special organs for trapping odor. Shark-hammer is very voracious and unscelred in food: it eats and big animals, and their relatives-sharks.
"Potential food", trying to hide from this predator, breaks down in the sand, but in vain. Shark-ham dumps his head pulses coming from their bodies, rushes onto them and literally doses frightened peasant fish from the sand. Shark-hammer is danger and for humans.
Long shark
This is a very aggressive and slow shark, common in the warm seas. She is patiently waiting for some kind of prey in the field of her view. And when it happens, for example, a flock of fish appears, a long-haired shark begins greedily enough food. After the meal of these sharks on the surface of bloody water floats a lot of inspired animals or fish.
She does not happen and human meat. For example, in the forties of the last century near South Africa, a craft crashed with a thousand passengers on board. Almost all people who have fallen into the water were burning alive with long-raging sharks.
Long-tempered sharks circled near the floating ships, grabbing everything that they throw out. In the womb of caught sharks, bales with garbage were sometimes found.
Long-racing sharks are caught by people for the sake of large fins that go into food.
Cat shark
It's spotted as a kitty, not big Akula (Maximum 1m 20 cm) leads a sedentary lifestyle in the warm seas, among corals. In the afternoon, she motionlessly lies, hiding in corals, and at night goes in search of food. Shark with his mustache proves the bottom and looks like a small fish and crustaceans there.
Amazing fact. These interesting animals have adapted for more than ten hours to do without water. This in many centuries, the working feature that arose due to the fact that these sharks often leaves on the shore.
Cat shark is often contained in the aquariums.
Big shark
Big Shark is one of the most poorly studied marine animals and the most rare fish in the world. For the first time it was discovered in 1976, since then people discovered only 47 of these animals.
The weight of these five-meter giants with a large head and a meter thick-to-peel - one and a half tons. They feed on the Cream, and they do it quite interesting. Their mouth from the inside has a luminous surface, which attracts small animals and plankton. This is the biggest luminous marine animal! Capturing a huge amount of water and "food", the gigant filters water, and the food pushes a huge tank. If the victim's particularly smart victim tries to escape from the mouth of the Spine, then on her ways are minor teeth, located in 23 rows of 300 pieces in each one!
Big shark has a watery body, which does not allow her to drown. But it often becomes the extraction of other predators. A flock of stone perchs can be attacked on a slow and very slow shark, which squeeze pieces of her body. Also, it can completely swallow the coushlot.
Pilon shark
The pilon shark is a small fish (up to two meters) with a long yield on the nose, equipped with teeth. Why is it needed? To loosen the ground, hurt "food" and fight with rivals. Interestingly, broken teeth can grow again. Tilted sharks in warm seas live.
Glowing sharks
Glowing sharks are very aggressive fish, but one of the fellows are distinguished by one thing: they do not kill victims, but only bite the part of them and swim the ravis. In their diet, they enter whales, tales, fisher-sword or even brothers, the same glowing sharks. But sometimes they also become someone dinner. One day, the glowing shark was found in the stomach of a large tuna.
These 50-centimeter sharks live in warm seas. In the afternoon, they live at great depths (sometimes up to 3 km), and at night rose to the surface.
Shark-house or shark-goblin
This terrible shark with a very strange appearance has been very little studied. She has an elongated nose and ugly jaws with protruding sharp teeth, which at the right moment (during the hunt) can be advanced. Shark-house weighs about 200 kg, and its length is 3.5 m. It is spread at great depth in all oceans. She has very weak eyesight, but it doesn't need it at such a depth!