Area of \u200b\u200bactivity (technology) to which the described invention relates
The invention relates to the field of hydrometallurgy and can be used to extract precious metals from the wastes of electronic and electrical industries (electronic scrap), mainly from electronic plates of modern microelectronics.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Modern methods of processing the scrap of radio-electronic and electronic equipment are based on mechanical enrichment of raw materials, including the operation of manual disassembly, if materials in their characteristics and composition cannot be translated into a homogeneous state. After grinding, the components of the scrap of magnetic and electrostatic separation by the methods of magnetic and electrostatic separation are carried out, followed by hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical removal of utility components.
The disadvantages of the method are associated with the inability to allocate the inapproprous elements with printed circuit boards of modern computers containing the bulk of precious metals. Due to miniaturization of products and minimizing the content of precious metals in them, their number is evenly distributed over the entire mass of raw materials after grinding, which makes further processing ineffective - low degrees of extraction at the stage of hydro-pyrineetallurgical processing.
A hydrometallurgical method of leaching of precious metals from the scrap of electronic devices with nitric acid is known. In this method, scrap is leached with 30-60% nitric acid with stirring duration sufficient to achieve a concentration of copper in a solution of 150 g / l. After that, plastic particles are separated from the resulting pulp, the pulp is treated with sulfuric acid, bringing its concentration to 40%, the nitrogen oxides are distilled off, absorbing and neutralizing them in a special column. At the same time, copper sulfates crystallize, gold and tin acid are precipitated. Then, a solution is separated from the resulting pulp and silver and platinoids are isolated from it by cementing them with copper, and the washed precipitate is melting, as a result of which gold rigs are obtained (GDR, patent 253948 from 01.10.86. VEB BERGBAU und Huffen Kombinat "Albert Funk" ). The disadvantages of this method are:
- excessively large mass of crushed scrap, subjected to nitric acid processing due to a two-three-time increase due to the reacmbulation of a plastic substrate, on which electronic parts are attached, because the manual separation requires large labor costs;
- very high consumption of chemicals associated with the need to treat acids of increased mass of crushed scrap and dissolving all ballast metals;
- low gold and silver content at high content of accompanying impurities in precipitation subjected to affinent cleaning;
- selection of toxins and air infecto in air due to the release of toxins in the chemical destruction of plastics with strong acid solutions at elevated temperatures.
The closest to the intended invention is a method for extracting gold and silver from the waste electro and electrical industry with nitric acid with a separation of electronic parts. Therefore, the volume method is treated with a 30% nitric acid at 50-70 ° C to separation of "mounted" parts of electronic circuits, which are then crushed and treated with nitric acid solutions, arrived after processing the starting material to the initial concentration and are treated at 90 ° C Within two hours, and then at the boiling point of the solution to complete dantitration, it is obtained to obtain a solution containing noble metals (RF Rhoutage 2066698, CL C 2012, published -1996).
The disadvantages of this method are: high consumption of reagents for the dissolution of ballast metals; irrevocable gold loss together with tin and lead; large energy costs for evaporation and denturation operations; irretrievable palladium losses, platinum;
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in the first stage of the process, extremely poor filter precipitated methaological acid containing gold is formed. Clarification of the production solution for subsequent use in the technological scheme for the release of precious metals requires a very long time of time, which makes it impossible to implement the process in technological practice.
The technical result of the invention is to eliminate the above deficiencies.
These disadvantages are eliminated by the fact that in order to separate the attached and inapproprous parts of the electronic circuit board circuit boards from plastic "carrier" plates, the plates are dissolved by the tin solder 5-20% solution of methanesulfonic acid with the addition of oxidizing agent at 70-90 ° C for two hours. , and the oxidant insertion at the stage of determination of the methanesulfonic acid solder is carried out portion until the oxidation-reducing potential (ORP) of the medium at no more than 250 mV, then remove plastics ("carrier" plates), washed and transmitted to further disposal, separated on the grid Mounted and inapproprous parts, chips, laundered them from a solution of methanesulfonic acid, dried, crushed to the size of 0.5 mm, separated on a magnetic separator into two fractions - magnetic and non-magnetic - and processed by fractionally hydrometellurgical methods, and the magnetic fraction is processed by iodine -Yid way, and non-magnetic - "royal-vodka", and The suspension of methalin acid in the methanesulfonic acid solution with gold and lead impurities are coagulated during boiling for 30-40 minutes, filtered, the filtered precipitate was washed with hot water, dried and calcined to obtain a gold-containing tin dioxide, followed by the extraction of gold with iodine iodide. And from the filtrate containing lead, the lead sulfate is precipitated from the suspension sulphate filtered, the methanesulfonic acid filtrate after the adjustment is reused at the stage of dissolving the solder, when the methanesulfonic acid content is less than 5%, the rate of dissolution of the solder is significantly reduced, the intensive decomposition of the oxidant is intensified. The redox potential is maintained at no more than 250 mV, since, at values \u200b\u200babove 250 mV, copper is intensively dissolved, and below - the process of dissolving the tin solder slows down, the oxidizer is administered at a temperature of 70-90 ° C, since, at temperatures above nine 0 ° C is observed intensive decomposition of nitric acid, at temperatures below 70 ° C, it is not possible to completely dissolve the solder.
Example. The processing comes 100 kg of electronic printing plates of personal computers of the Pentium generation (motherboards). A 200 L bath, equipped with a heating jacket, in a mesh basket with a cell 50 × 50 mm load 25 kg of printed circuit boards and 150 liters of 20% methanesulfonic acid are loaded. The process leads when shaking the basket at a temperature of 70 ° C for two hours at a portion input (200 ml) of the oxidizing agent for maintaining the solutions of the solution at 250 mV. As a result, the complete dissolution of the solder, holding the electronic parts, which crept on the bottom of the bath. Types processed in this way are removed in the basket, washed in the flushing bath, unload, dried and transmitted to testing and further recycling. On treated payments weighing 88 kg can remain precious metals With a concentration of no more: gold - 2.5 g / t, platinum and palladium - 2.1 g / t, silver - 4.0 g / t. The suspension of methalin acid in the methanesulfonic acid solution together with the mounted parts coagulate by introducing the surfactant of the surfactant, followed by boiling for 30 minutes. After cooling, the solution is decanted from the axial methaologic acid and mounted parts into the sump. Then the mounted parts are separated from the suspension of methalin acid on the grid with a cell size of 0.2 mm. After separation, the parts are washed with water, the washing water is combined with a decantom in the sump, the combined material is defended 12 hours. The methaologic acid in the sump is filtered off on a vacuum filter, washed with water, dried and calcined at a temperature of 800 ° C. The exit obtained after the calcination of tin oxide is 6575 grams. From the filtrate containing methanesulfonic acid, sulfate sulfate sulfuric acid is precipitated. After filtration, washing and drying, 230 g of lead sulphate was obtained. The resulting filtrate is adjusted by the content of methanesulfonic acid and is used again to dissolve the solder from the next portion of the boards. To do this, a new portion of boards in the amount of 25 kg is loaded into the basket and the technological cycle of dissolution is repeated. Thus, all 100 kg of raw materials are processed. To extract precious metals, the separated attached and inapproprous parts of the electronic circuit board circuit boards are dried, homogenized to the size of 0.5 mm and are subjected to magnetic separation. The release of the magnetic fraction is 3430, the output of the non-magnetic fraction - 3520.
From the magnetic fraction according to iodine iodide technology, gold is extracted. From the non-magnetic faction on the "royal-vodka" technology removed: gold, silver, platinum and palladium. From the calcined tin oxide on iodine iodide technology is extracted gold. A total of 100 kg of electronic printing plates of personal computers of the Pentium generation (motherboards) is extracted, grams: gold - 15.15; silver - 3.08; platinum - 0.62; Palladium - 7.38. In addition to precious metals, it was obtained: tin oxide - 6575 g with a tin content of 65%, lead sulfate -230 g with a lead content of 67%.
Claim
1. The method of processing the wastes of electronic and electrical industries, including the separation of mounted and inapproprous parts from plastic carrier plates of printed circuit boards, followed by hydrometallurgical removal of precious metals, tin and lead salts, characterized in that the solid solder 5-20 is dissolved before separating the plates with a solution of methanesulfonic acid with an oxidizer adding at a temperature of 70-90 ° C for two hours, and the oxidizing agent is fed up to reach the redox potential of the medium no more than 250 mV, then removed plastics, washed, tested and sent to further processing, The compartment of mounted and inapproprous parts of the microcircuits are carried out on the grid, they are laundered from the captured suspension, dried, crushed to the size of 0.5 mm, separated on a magnetic separator into two fractions - magnetic and non-magnetic, and processed by them by the inactive hydrometellurgical methods, and the remaining metaolone suspension Acid in a solution of methanesulfonic acid with gold and lead impurities are coagulated by boiling for 30-40 minutes, filtered, the filtered precipitate was washed with hot water, dried and calcined to obtain a gold dioxide with a subsequent extraction of gold from it, and lead sulfate is precipitated from the filtrate The resulting suspension is filtered, the methanesulfonic acid filtrate after the adjustment is reused at the dissolution stage of the tin solder.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of the magnetic fraction after the magnetic separation of homogenized attachments of the electronic circuit board circuit boards is produced by iodine iodide method.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of the non-magnetic fraction after the magnetic separation of homogenized attachments of the electronic circuit board circuit boards is produced using royal vodka.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that from the calcined tin dioxide is carried out with the help of iodine iodide solution, followed by the reduction of tin dioxide coal before obtaining a metal roughing tin.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and peroxo compounds are used as an oxidizing agent in the form of ammonium perborate, potassium percarbonate.
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6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coagulation of methalin acid from a solution of methanesulfonic acid is carried out with a polyacrylamide with a concentration of 0.5 g / l.
The name of the inventor:
Erisov Alexander Gennadevich (RU), Bochkarev Valery Mikhailovich (RU), Sysoev Yury Mitrofanovich (RU), Buchikhin Evgeny Petrovich (RU)
Patent holder name:
Limited Liability Company "Company" ORIU "
Mailing address for correspondence:
109391, Moscow, A / I. 42, LLC "Company" ORIU "
The start date of the patent action:
22.05.2012
For manuscript rights
Veliakov Aleksey Nail'evich
Development of effective technologies for the extraction of non-ferrous and noble metals from the waste radiotechnical industry
Specialty 05.16.02– Metallurgy black, colored
and rare metals
And in t about r e f e r a t
dissertations for a scientific degree
candidate of Technical Sciences
ST. PETERSBURG
The work was performed in the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the St. Petersburg State Mountain Institute named after G. B. Plakhanov (Technical University)
doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
honored Scientist RFV.M.Sizzyakov
Official opponents:
doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor I.N.Bellazov
candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate ProfessorA.Yu.Bimakov
Leading company– institute "Higronickel"
The defense of the thesis will take place on November 13, 2007 at 14 h 30 min at the meeting of the dissertation council D 212.224.03 at St. Petersburg State Mountain Institute. G.V. Plakhanova (Technical University) at: 199106 St. Petersburg, 21st Line, D.2, Aud. 2205.
The dissertation can be found in the library of the St. Petersburg State Mining Institute.
SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY
dissertation council
d.T.N., Associate ProfessorV.N.brichkkin
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK
Relevance of work
Modern technology needs increasing amounts of noble metals. Currently, the prey of the latter declined sharply and does not provide needs, so it is necessary to use all the possibilities for mobilizing the resources of these metals, and, therefore, the role of secondary metallurgy of noble metals is increasing. In addition, the extraction of AU, AG, PT and PDs contained in waste is more profitable than from ores.
The change in the country's economic mechanism, including the military-industrial complex and the armed forces, led to the need to create in certain regions of the country for the processing of scrap of radialectronic industries containing precious metals. In this case, the maximum extraction of precious metals from poor raw materials and a decrease in the mass of residual tailings is obligatory. It is also important that along with the extraction of precious metals, non-ferrous metals can be obtained, for example, copper, nickel, aluminum and others.
Purpose of work.Improving the efficiency of pyro-hydrometallurgical technology for processing the scrap of radio-electronic industry with deep extraction of gold, silver, platinum, palladium and non-ferrous metals.
Research methods.To solve the tasks set, the main experimental studies were carried out at the original laboratory setup, including a furnace with radially located blowing nozzles, allowing to ensure the rotation of the molten metal with air without splashing and due to this, to repeatedly increase the flow of the blast (in comparison with the air supply to the molten metal through the pipes). Analysis of enrichment products, smelting, electrolysis was carried out chemical methods. For the study, the method of x-ray microanalysis (RSMA) and X-ray phase analysis (RFA) were used.
Reliability of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendationsdefended by using modern and reliable research methods and confirmed by the good convergence of theoretical and practical results.
Scientific novelty
The main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of radiole elements containing non-ferrous and precious metals are determined to predict the possibility of chemical and metallurgical processing of radio-electronic scrap.
The passivating effect of lead oxide films under electrolysis of copper-nickel anodes made from electronic scrap is established. The composition of the films was revealed and technological conditions for the preparation of anodes, ensuring the absence of a passivating effect.
Theoretically calculated and confirmed as a result of firing experiments on 75-kilogram melt samples The possibility of iron, zinc, nickel, cobalt, lead, tin from copper-nickel anodes made from electronic scrap, which ensures high technical and economic indicators of the technology of return of noble metals. The values \u200b\u200bof the apparent activation energy for oxidation in the copper alloy lead - 42.3 kJ / mol, tin - 63.1 kJ / mol, iron 76.2 kJ / mol, zinc - 106.4 kJ / mol, nickel - 185.8 KJ / mol.
Practical significance of work
A technological line has been developed to test radio-electronic lambs, including separation of disassembly, sorting and mechanical enrichment to obtain metal concentrates;
The technology of smelting of electronic scrap in an induction furnace, combined with the impact on the melt of oxidative radial-axial jets, providing intensive mass and heat exchange in the melting area of \u200b\u200bthe metal;
The technological scheme of the processing of radio-electronic leoms and technological waste of enterprises, providing individual processing and calculation with each REL supplier, was developed and tested in a pilot-industrial scale.
The novelty of technical solutions is confirmed by three patents of the Russian Federation: No. 2211420, 2003; № 2231150, 2004; № 2276196, 2006
Approbation of work. The dissertation materials reported: on International Conference "Metallurgical technologies and equipment." April 2003 St. Petersburg; All-Russian scientific-practical conference "New technologies in metallurgy, chemistry, enrichment and ecology". October 2004 St. Petersburg; Annual Scientific Conference of Young Scientists "Mineral Fossils of Russia and their development" March 9 - April 10, 2004 St. Peterubrag; Annual Scientific Conference of Young Scientists "Merft Russia and their development" March 13-29, 2006 St. Petersburg.
Publications.The main provisions of the dissertation were published in 4 printed works.
Structure and scope of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, 6 chapters, 3 applications, conclusions and a list of literature. The work is set out on 176 pages of typewritten text, contains 38 tables, 28 drawings. Bibliography includes 117 names.
In the introduction, the relevance of research is substantiated, the main provisions endowed with protection are set out.
The first chapter is devoted to the review of the literature and patents in the field of technology for the processing of waste electronic industries and methods of processing products containing precious metals. Based on the analysis and generalization of literature data, objectives and objectives of research are formulated.
The second chapter provides data on the study of the quantitative and real composition of the radio electronic scrap.
The third chapter is devoted to the development of averaging technology of radio-electronic scrap and obtaining metal concentrates of RAL enrichment.
In the fourth chapter, data on the development of technology for obtaining metal concentrates of radio-electronic scrap with the extraction of noble metals are presented.
The fifth chapter describes the results of semi-industrial tests for fusing metal concentrates of radio-electronic scrap, followed by processing on cathode copper and sludge of noble metals.
The sixth chapter discusses the possibility of improving technical and economic indicators of processes developed and proven in a pilot-industrial scale.
Basic Protected Provisions
1. Physico-chemical studies of many types of radio electronic scrap substantiate the need for preliminary disassembly and waste sorting operations with subsequent mechanical enrichment, which ensures rational processing technology of the resulting concentrates with the release of non-ferrous and noble metals.
Based on the study of scientific literature and preliminary studies, the following head operations for the processing of radio-electronic leoms were reviewed:
- melting scrap in electric furnace;
- leaching scrap in solutions acids;
- lomom firing with subsequent electrical welning and electrolysis of semi-finished products, including non-ferrous and noble metals;
- physical enrichment of bulges, followed by electric melting on the anodes and processing anodes on cathode copper and sludge of noble metals.
Three first methods were rejected due to environmental difficulties that are irresistible when using the head operations under consideration.
The method of physical enrichment was developed by us and is that the incoming raw material is sent to pre-disassembly. At this stage, nodes containing precious metals (Tables 1, 2) are extracted from electronic computing machines and other electronic equipment. Materials that do not contain precious metals are directed to the extraction of non-ferrous metals. Material containing precious metals (printed circuit board, plug connectors, wires, etc.), is sorted to remove gold and silver wires, gold-plated pins of sidelines of printed circle boards and other parts with a high content of precious metals. These details can be recycled separately.
Table 1
Balance of electronic equipment on the site of the 1st disassembly
| No. p / p | Name promprodukt | Number, kg. | Content,% |
| 1 | It has come for recycling the rack of electronic devices, machines, switching equipment | 24000,0 | 100 |
| 2 3 | Received after processing electronic scrap in the form of boards, connectors, etc. Scrap of colored and ferrous metals, not containing noble metals, plastic, organic glass TOTAL: | 4100,0 19900,0 | 17,08 82,92 |
| 24000,0 | 100 |
table 2
Balance of electronic scrap on a plot of 2nd disassembly and sorting
| No. p / p | Name promprodukt | Number, kg. | Content,% |
| 1 | Received for processing electronic scrap in the form (connectors and boards) | 4100,0 | 100 |
| 2 3 4 5 | Received after separating manual disassembly and sorting the connectors of the radio components without radio components and accessories (on the soldered legs of radio components and on the semi-half the noble metals) of the boards, pins, guide boards (elements not containing noble metals) TOTAL: | 395,0 1080,0 2015,0 610,0 | 9,63 26,34 49,15 14,88 |
| 4100,0 | 100 |
Details such as connectors on thermosetting and thermoplastic base, connectors on boards, low boards from a false geometh or fiberglass with separate radio components and tracks, variable and constant capacitance capacitors, microcircuits on a plastic and ceramic based, resistors, ceramic and plastic sockets radiolmps, fuses , antennas, switches and switches, can be recycled by enrichment.
As a head unit for crushing operation, a hammer crusher MD 2x5 was tested, a cheek crusher (tenant 100x200) and a cone-inertial crusher (KID-300).
In the process of work, it turned out that the cone inertial crusher should only work under the root of the material, i.e. With full filling of the receiving funnel. For the effective operation of the conical inertial crusher, there is an upper limit of the size of the processed material. Slices of larger size violate the normal operation of the crusher. These disadvantages, the main of which is the need for mixing materials of different suppliers, forced to abandon the use of KID-300 as a head unit for grinding.
The use of a hammer crusher as a head grinding unit in comparison with the cheek turned out to be more preferable due to its high performance when crushing electronic scrap.
It has been established that crushing products include magnetic and non-magnetic metal fractions that contain the bulk of gold, silver, palladium. To extract the magnetic metal part of the grinding product, the magnetic separator of the PBSC 40/10 was tested. It has been established that the magnetic part mainly consists of nickel, cobalt, iron (Table 3). The optimal performance of the apparatus, which was 3 kg / min with a gold extraction of 98.2%.
The non-magnetic metal part of the crushed product was highlighted using the SB 32/50 electrostatic separator. It has been established that the metal part consists mainly of copper and zinc. The noble metals are represented by silver and palladium. The optimal performance of the device was determined, which was 3 kg / min with a silver extraction of 97.8%.
When sorting radio-electronic scrap, it is possible to selectively release dry multilayer capacitors, which are characterized by an increased platinum content - 0.8% and palladium - 2.8% (Table 3).
Table 3.
The composition of the concentrates obtained by sorting and processing radio-electronic scrap
| N p / n | Content,% | ||||||||||
| Cu. | Ni. | Co. | Zn. | FE. | AG | AU. | Pd. | Pt. | Others | Sum | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Silver-palladium concentrates | |||||||||||
| 1 | 64,7 | 0,02 | sl. | 21,4 | 0,1 | 2,4 | sl. | 0,3 | 0,006 | 11,8 | 100,0 |
| Gold concentrates | |||||||||||
| 2 | 77,3 | 0,7 | 0,03 | 4,5 | 0,7 | 0,3 | 1,3 | 0,5 | 0,01 | 19,16 | 100,0 |
| Magnetic concentrates | |||||||||||
| 3 | sl. | 21,8 | 21,5 | 0,02 | 36,3 | sl. | 0,6 | 0,05 | 0,01 | 19,72 | 100,0 |
| Concentrates from condensers | |||||||||||
| 4 | 0,2 | 0,59 | 0,008 | 0,05 | 1,0 | 0,2 | not | 2,8 | 0,8 | MGO-14.9 CAO-25,6 SN-2,3 PB-2.5 R2O3-49,5 | 100,0 |
2. The combination of processes of melting concentrates of REL and electrolysis of the obtained copper-nickel anodes underlies the technology of concentrating the noble metals in the sludges suitable for processing with standard methods; To increase the efficiency of the method at the stage of smelting, there is an rally of impurities in devices with radially located blowing nozzles.
Physico-chemical analysis of details of radio-electronic scrap showed that the parts are based on up to 32 chemical elementAt the same time, the ratio of copper to the sum of the remaining elements is 5060: 5040.
Concentrates of REL HNO3
Spectal Solution (AU, SN, AG, CU, NI)
on production Au.
AG on alkali
Melting solution
disposal
Cu + 2, Ni + 2, Zn + 2, PD-2
Fig.2. Scheme of extraction of noble metals
with leaching concentrate
Since most of the concentrates obtained during sorting and enrichment are represented in metallic form, the extraction scheme with leaching in acid solutions was tested. The diagram shown in Figure 2 was tested to give gold with a purity of 99.99% and silver 99.99%. Removing gold and silver amounted to 98.5% and 93.8%, respectively. To extract palladium from solutions, the sorption process on synthetic ion exchange fiber AMPAN N / SO4 was investigated.
The results of the sorption are presented in Figure 3. The sorption capacity of the fiber was 6.09%.
Fig.3. Results of palladium sorption on synthetic fiber
High aggressiveness of mineral acids, relatively low recovery of silver and the need to utilize a large number of reset solutions narrows the possibility of using this method to process gold concentrates (the method is ineffective for the processing of the entire volume of radio-electronic scrap concentrates).
Since the concentrates on a copper basis quantitatively dominate in concentrates (up to 85% of the total mass) and the copper content in these concentrates is 50-70%, the possibility of processing concentrate based on melting on copper-nickel anodes, followed by their dissolution, was tested.
Fig.4. Scheme of extraction of noble metals with melting
on copper-nickel anodes and electrolysis
The melting of the concentrates was carried out in the Tamman furnace in graphite-shamotovy triggers. The mass of smelting was 200 g. Concentrates on a copular basis were melted without complications. The temperature of their melting is in the range of 1200-1250 ° C. The concentrates on the iron-nickel-based basis require the temperature of 1300-1350 ° C for melting. Industrial smelters carried out at a temperature of 1300 ° C in an induction furnace with a crucible 100 kg confirmed the possibility of melting concentrates when the gross composition of enriched concentrates is supplied.
Gross content when weaving the enrichment products of radio-electronic scrap is characterized by an increased compound of copper - above 50%, gold, silver and palladium 0.15; 3.4; 1.4%, the total nickel, zinc and iron content is up to 30%. Anodes are subjected to electrochemical dissolution at a temperature of 400 ° C and cathode density of 200.0 A / m2. The initial electrolyte contains 40 g / l of copper, 35 g / l H2SO4. Chemical composition Electrolyte, sludge and cathodic sediment are shown in Table 4.
As a result of the tests, it was established that with the electrolysis of the anodes made from the metallic fractions of the electronic scrap alloy, the electrolyte used in the electrolysis bath is impoverished on copper, it is accumulated in it as nickel impurities, zinc, iron, tin.
It has been established that palladium in electrolysis conditions is divided by all electrolysis products; Thus, in the electrolyte, the palladium content is up to 500 mg / l, the concentration on the cathode reaches 1.4%. The smaller part of the palladium enters the sludge. In the sludge there is an accumulation of tin, which makes it difficult for further processing without preliminary tin. Lead turns into the sludge and also makes it difficult to recycle. Anode passivation is observed. X-ray structural and chemical analysis of the upper part of passivated anodes showed that the cause of the observed phenomenon is lead oxide.
Since the lead present in the anode is in metallic form, the following processes occur on the anode:
2OH 2E \u003d H2O + 0.5O2
SO4-2 2E \u003d SO3 + 0.5O2
With a minor concentration of lead ions in a sulfate electrolyte, its normal potential is the most negative, therefore lead sulphate is formed on the anode, which reduces the anode area, as a result of which an anode current density increases, which contributes to the oxidation of bivalent lead in tetravalent ions
As a result of hydrolysis, PBO2 is based on the reaction:
Pb (SO4) 2 + 2H2O \u003d PBO2 + 2H2SO4.
Table 4.
The results of dissolving anodes
| No. P.P. | Product name | Content,%, g / l | |||||||||||
| Cu. | Ni. | Co. | Zn. | FE. | W. | Mo. | Pd. | AU. | AG | PB. | SN. | ||
| 1 | Anode,% | 51,2 | 11,9 | 1,12 | 14,4 | 12,4 | 0,5 | 0,03 | 0,6 | 0,15 | 3,4 | 2,0 | 2,3 |
| 2 | Cathode sediment,% | 97,3 | 0,2 | 0,03 | 0,24 | 0,4 | not | sl. | 1,4 | 0,03 | 0,4 | not | not |
| 3 | Electrolyte, g / l | 25,5 | 6,0 | 0,4 | 9,3 | 8,8 | 0,9 | sL | 0,5 | 0,001 | 0,5 | not | 2,9 |
| 4 | Sludge,% | 31,1 | 0,3 | sL | 0,5 | 0,2 | 2,5 | sl. | 0,7 | 1,1 | 27,5 | 32,0 | 4,1 |
Lead oxide creates a protective layer on the anode, which determines the impossibility of further dissolution of the anode. The electrochemical potential of the anode was 0.7 V, which leads to the transfer of palladium ions to the electrolyte and the subsequent discharge of it on the cathode.
The addition of chlorine ion to the electrolyte allowed to leave the pheniization phenomenon, but this did not solve the issue of electrolyte utilization and did not provide the use of standard technologies for the processing of sludge.
The results obtained showed that the technology ensures the processing of radio-electronic scrap, but it can be significantly improved under the condition of oxidation and instead of impurities of a group of metals (nickel, zinc, iron, tin, lead) of the radio electronic scrap during concentrate melting.
Thermodynamic calculations carried out from the assumption that the oxygen of the furnace in the bathtub of the furnace, showed that such impurities, such as Fe, Zn, Al, Sn and Pb, can be oxidized in copper. Thermodynamic complications for oxidation occur with nickel. The residual nickel concentrations are 9.37% when the copper content of 1.5% Cu2O and 0.94% is 12.0% Cu2O in the melt content.
Experimental check was carried out on a laboratory furnace with a mass of 3 kg of copper with radially located blowing nozzles (Table 5), allowing to ensure the rotation of the molten metal by air without splashing and due to this repeatedly increase the flow of the blast (in comparison with the air supply to the molten metal through the pipes ).
Laboratory studies found that important role When oxidizing, the metal concentrate belongs to the composition of the slag. When you carry out melts with a flux, Quartz does not go into the tin slag and the lead transition is hampered. When using a combined flux, consisting of 50% of quartz sand and 50% of soda, go into slag all impurities.
Table 5.
Radioelectronic scrap raw waste melting results
with radially spaced nozzles
depending on the time of purge
| No. P.P. | Product name | Structure, % | |||||||||||
| Cu. | Ni. | FE. | Zn. | W. | PB. | SN. | AG | AU. | Pd. | Others | Total | ||
| 1 | Alloy source | 60,8 | 8,5 | 11,0 | 9,5 | 0,1 | 3,0 | 2,5 | 4,3 | 0,10 | 0,2 | 0,0 | 100,0 |
| 2 | Alloy after a 15-minute purge | 69,3 | 6,7 | 3,5 | 6,5 | 0,07 | 0,4 | 0,8 | 4,9 | 0,11 | 0,22 | 7,5 | 100,0 |
| 3 | Alloy after a 30-minute purge | 75,1 | 5,1 | 0,1 | 4,7 | 0,06 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 5,0 | 0,12 | 0,25 | 8,87 | 100,0 |
| 4 | Alloy after a 60-minute blowing | 77,6 | 3,9 | 0,05 | 2,6 | 0,03 | 0,2 | 0,09 | 5,2 | 0,13 | 0,28 | 9,12 | 100,0 |
| 5 | Alloy after 120-minute purge | 81,2 | 2,5 | 0,02 | 1,1 | 0,01 | 0,1 | 0,02 | 5,4 | 0,15 | 0,30 | 9,2 | 100,0 |
The results of the melting show that 15 minutes of blowing through blowing nozzles are sufficient to remove a significant part of impurities. The apparent activation energy of oxidation reaction in the copper alloy lead - 42.3 kJ / mol, tin - 63,1 kJ / mol, iron 76.2 kJ / mol, zinc - 106.4 kJ / mol, nickel 185,8 kJ / mole.
Studies on the anodic dissolution of smelting products have shown that the passivation of the anode with the electrolysis of the alloy in the sulfate electrolyte is missing after a 15-minute purge. The electrolyte is not impoverished by copper and is not enriched with impurities in the sludge when weaving impurities, which ensures its repeated use. In the slags there are no lead and tin, which allows the use of standard sludge processing technology according to the scheme: Clam disintegration Alkaline melting on a gold-silver alloy.
According to the results of the research, oven aggregates with radially located blowing nozzles operating in periodic mode by 0.1 kg, 10 kg, 100 kg of copper, ensuring the processing of various batches of radio-electronic scrap. At the same time, the entire processing technology line exercises the extraction of precious metals without combining parties of various suppliers, which provides accurate financial calculation for the metals. According to the test results, initial data has been developed for the construction of a plant for the recycling of RAL with a capacity of 500 kg of gold per year. Implemented project of the enterprise. The payback period of capital investments is 7-8 months.
Conclusions
1. The theoretical foundations of the method of processing the waste of the radio electronic industry with deep extraction of noble and non-ferrous metals are developed.
1.1. The thermodynamic characteristics of the main metal oxidation processes in the copper alloy are determined, allowing to predict the behavior of the mentioned metals and impurities.
1.2. The values \u200b\u200bof the apparent oxidation activation energy in the copper alloy of nickel - 185.8 kJ / mol, zinc - 106.4 kJ / mole, iron - 76.2 kJ / mol, tin 63.1 kJ / mol, lead 42.3 kJ / mole.
2. Developed a pyrometallurgical technology for processing the waste of the radio electronic industry to obtain a gold-silver alloy (Metal Dore) and platinum-palladium concentrate.
2.1. Technological parameters (crushing time, productivity of magnetic and electrostatic separation, the degree of extraction of metals) of the physical enrichment of REL under the grinding scheme magnetic separation electrostatic separation, which allows to obtain concentrates of noble metals with predicted quantitative and qualitative composition.
2.2. The technological parameters (melting point, air flow, the degree of transition of impurities in the slag, the composition of the refining slag) of the oxidative melting of concentrates in the induction furnace with the supply of air to the air of the air with radial-axial furms; Aggregates with radial-axial trucks of different performance are developed and tested.
3. An experimental and industrial installation for the processing of radio-electronic scrap processing is made on the basis of the research conducted and launched, including the grinding section (MD 25), magnetic and electrostatic separation (PBSC 40/10 and 3EB 32/50), melting in an induction furnace ( PI 50/10) with a 9-60 / 10 schg generator and a melting unit with radial-axial trucks, electrochemical dissolution of the anodes and processing of splashes of noble metals; The effect of "passivation" of the anode was investigated; The existence of a sharply extreme dependence of the lead content in the copper-nickel anode made from electronic scrap is established, which should be taken into account when controlling the process of oxidative radial-axial melting.
4. As a result of semi-industrial tests of radio-electronic scrap processing technology, source data has been developed for the construction of a plant for the recycling of the radiotechnical waste industry.
5. Expected economical effect From the introduction of the development of the dissertation in the calculation of the power of Gold 500 kg / year is ~ 50 million rubles. Under the payback period of 7-8 months.
1. Tellakov A.N. Disposal of waste electrotechnical enterprises / A.N.Telkov, D.V. Gorlenkov, E.Yu.Stepanova // Abstracts of the report of International. conf. "Metallurgical technologies and ecology". 2003.
2. Tellakov A.N. Results of testing technology of refining radio electronic scrap / A.N.Telkov, L.V. Sikonin // Notes of the Mining Institute. T. 179. 2006.
3. Tellakov A.N. Research on oxidation of impurities of metal concentrate of radio-electronic scrap // Notes of the Mining Institute. T. 179. 2006.
4. Telikov A.N. Technology of recycling of the radio electronic industry / A.N.Telkov, D.V. Gorlenkov, E.Yu.Gorgiev // Colored metals. №6. 2007.
-- [ Page 1 ] --
For manuscript rights
Veliakov Aleksey Nail'evich
Development of effective technologies for the extraction of non-ferrous and noble metals from the waste radiotechnical industry
Specialty 05.16.02– Metallurgy black, colored
and rare metals
And in t about r e f e r a t
dissertations for a scientific degree
candidate of Technical Sciences
ST. PETERSBURG
The work was performed in the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the St. Petersburg State Mountain Institute named after G. B. Plakhanov (Technical University)
scientific adviser–
doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
honored Scientist RFV.M.Sizzyakov
Official opponents:
doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor I.N.Bellazov
candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate ProfessorA.Yu.Bimakov
Leading company– institute "Higronickel"
The defense of the thesis will take place on November 13, 2007 at 14 h 30 min at the meeting of the dissertation council D 212.224.03 at St. Petersburg State Mountain Institute. G.V. Plakhanova (Technical University) at: 199106 St. Petersburg, 21st Line, D.2, Aud. 2205.
The dissertation can be found in the library of the St. Petersburg State Mining Institute.
SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY
dissertation council
d.T.N., Associate ProfessorV.N.brichkkin
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK
Relevance of work
Modern technology needs increasing amounts of noble metals. Currently, the prey of the latter declined sharply and does not provide needs, so it is necessary to use all the possibilities for mobilizing the resources of these metals, and, therefore, the role of secondary metallurgy of noble metals is increasing. In addition, the extraction of AU, AG, PT and PDs contained in waste is more profitable than from ores.
The change in the country's economic mechanism, including the military-industrial complex and the armed forces, led to the need to create in certain regions of the country for the processing of scrap of radialectronic industries containing precious metals. In this case, the maximum extraction of precious metals from poor raw materials and a decrease in the mass of residual tailings is obligatory. It is also important that along with the extraction of precious metals, non-ferrous metals can be obtained, for example, copper, nickel, aluminum and others.
Purpose of work.Improving the efficiency of pyro-hydrometallurgical technology for processing the scrap of radio-electronic industry with deep extraction of gold, silver, platinum, palladium and non-ferrous metals.
Research methods.To solve the tasks set, the main experimental studies were carried out at the original laboratory setup, including a furnace with radially located blowing nozzles, allowing to ensure the rotation of the molten metal with air without splashing and due to this, to repeatedly increase the flow of the blast (in comparison with the air supply to the molten metal through the pipes). Analysis of enrichment products, smelting, electrolysis was carried out by chemical methods. For the study, the method of x-ray microanalysis (RSMA) and X-ray phase analysis (RFA) were used.
Reliability of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendationsdefended by using modern and reliable research methods and confirmed by the good convergence of theoretical and practical results.
Scientific novelty
The main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of radiole elements containing non-ferrous and precious metals are determined to predict the possibility of chemical and metallurgical processing of radio-electronic scrap.
The passivating effect of lead oxide films under electrolysis of copper-nickel anodes made from electronic scrap is established. The composition of the films was revealed and technological conditions for the preparation of anodes, ensuring the absence of a passivating effect.
Theoretically calculated and confirmed as a result of firing experiments on 75-kilogram melt samples The possibility of iron, zinc, nickel, cobalt, lead, tin from copper-nickel anodes made from electronic scrap, which ensures high technical and economic indicators of the technology of return of noble metals. The values \u200b\u200bof the apparent activation energy for oxidation in the copper alloy lead - 42.3 kJ / mol, tin - 63.1 kJ / mol, iron 76.2 kJ / mol, zinc - 106.4 kJ / mol, nickel - 185.8 KJ / mol.
Practical significance of work
A technological line has been developed to test radio-electronic lambs, including separation of disassembly, sorting and mechanical enrichment to obtain metal concentrates;
The technology of smelting of electronic scrap in an induction furnace, combined with the impact on the melt of oxidative radial-axial jets, providing intensive mass and heat exchange in the melting area of \u200b\u200bthe metal;
The technological scheme of the processing of radio-electronic leoms and technological waste of enterprises, providing individual processing and calculation with each REL supplier, was developed and tested in a pilot-industrial scale.
The novelty of technical solutions is confirmed by three patents of the Russian Federation: No. 2211420, 2003; № 2231150, 2004; № 2276196, 2006
Approbation of work. The dissertation materials reported: at the International Conference "Metallurgical Technologies and Equipment". April 2003 St. Petersburg; All-Russian scientific-practical conference "New technologies in metallurgy, chemistry, enrichment and ecology". October 2004 St. Petersburg; Annual Scientific Conference of Young Scientists "Mineral Fossils of Russia and their development" March 9 - April 10, 2004 St. Peterubrag; Annual Scientific Conference of Young Scientists "Merft Russia and their development" March 13-29, 2006 St. Petersburg.
Publications.The main provisions of the dissertation were published in 4 printed works.
Structure and scope of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, 6 chapters, 3 applications, conclusions and a list of literature. The work is set out on 176 pages of typewritten text, contains 38 tables, 28 drawings. Bibliography includes 117 names.
In the introduction, the relevance of research is substantiated, the main provisions endowed with protection are set out.
The first chapter is devoted to the review of the literature and patents in the field of technology for the processing of waste electronic industries and methods of processing products containing precious metals. Based on the analysis and generalization of literature data, objectives and objectives of research are formulated.
The second chapter provides data on the study of the quantitative and real composition of the radio electronic scrap.
The third chapter is devoted to the development of averaging technology of radio-electronic scrap and obtaining metal concentrates of RAL enrichment.
In the fourth chapter, data on the development of technology for obtaining metal concentrates of radio-electronic scrap with the extraction of noble metals are presented.
The fifth chapter describes the results of semi-industrial tests for fusing metal concentrates of radio-electronic scrap, followed by processing on cathode copper and sludge of noble metals.
The sixth chapter discusses the possibility of improving technical and economic indicators of processes developed and proven in a pilot-industrial scale.
Basic Protected Provisions
1. Physico-chemical studies of many types of radio electronic scrap substantiate the need for preliminary disassembly and waste sorting operations with subsequent mechanical enrichment, which ensures rational processing technology of the resulting concentrates with the release of non-ferrous and noble metals.
Based on the study of scientific literature and preliminary studies, the following head operations for the processing of radio-electronic leoms were reviewed:
- melting scrap in electric furnace;
- leaching scrap in solutions acids;
- lomom firing with subsequent electrical welning and electrolysis of semi-finished products, including non-ferrous and noble metals;
- physical enrichment of bulges, followed by electric melting on the anodes and processing anodes on cathode copper and sludge of noble metals.
Three first methods were rejected due to environmental difficulties that are irresistible when using the head operations under consideration.
The method of physical enrichment was developed by us and is that the incoming raw material is sent to pre-disassembly. At this stage, nodes containing precious metals (Tables 1, 2) are extracted from electronic computing machines and other electronic equipment. Materials that do not contain precious metals are directed to the extraction of non-ferrous metals. Material containing precious metals (printed circuit board, plug connectors, wires, etc.), is sorted to remove gold and silver wires, gold-plated pins of sidelines of printed circle boards and other parts with a high content of precious metals. These details can be recycled separately.
Table 1
Balance of electronic equipment on the site of the 1st disassembly
| No. p / p | Name promprodukt | Number, kg. | Content,% |
| 1 | It has come for recycling the rack of electronic devices, machines, switching equipment | 24000,0 | 100 |
| 2 3 | Received after processing electronic scrap in the form of boards, connectors, etc. Scrap of colored and ferrous metals, not containing noble metals, plastic, organic glass TOTAL: | 4100,0 19900,0 | 17,08 82,92 |
| 24000,0 | 100 |
table 2
Balance of electronic scrap on a plot of 2nd disassembly and sorting
| No. p / p | Name promprodukt | Number, kg. | Content,% |
| 1 | Received for processing electronic scrap in the form (connectors and boards) | 4100,0 | 100 |
| 2 3 4 5 | Received after separating manual disassembly and sorting the connectors of the radio components without radio components and accessories (on the soldered legs of radio components and on the semi-half the noble metals) of the boards, pins, guide boards (elements not containing noble metals) TOTAL: | 395,0 1080,0 2015,0 610,0 | 9,63 26,34 49,15 14,88 |
| 4100,0 | 100 |
Details such as connectors on thermosetting and thermoplastic base, connectors on boards, low boards from a false geometh or fiberglass with separate radio components and tracks, variable and constant capacitance capacitors, microcircuits on a plastic and ceramic based, resistors, ceramic and plastic sockets radiolmps, fuses , antennas, switches and switches, can be recycled by enrichment.
As a head unit for crushing operation, a hammer crusher MD 2x5 was tested, a cheek crusher (tenant 100x200) and a cone-inertial crusher (KID-300).
In the process of work, it turned out that the cone inertial crusher should only work under the root of the material, i.e. With full filling of the receiving funnel. For the effective operation of the conical inertial crusher, there is an upper limit of the size of the processed material. Slices of larger size violate the normal operation of the crusher. These disadvantages, the main of which is the need for mixing materials of different suppliers, forced to abandon the use of KID-300 as a head unit for grinding.
The use of a hammer crusher as a head grinding unit in comparison with the cheek turned out to be more preferable due to its high performance when crushing electronic scrap.
It has been established that crushing products include magnetic and non-magnetic metal fractions that contain the bulk of gold, silver, palladium. To extract the magnetic metal part of the grinding product, the magnetic separator of the PBSC 40/10 was tested. It has been established that the magnetic part mainly consists of nickel, cobalt, iron (Table 3). The optimal performance of the apparatus, which was 3 kg / min with a gold extraction of 98.2%.
The non-magnetic metal part of the crushed product was highlighted using the SB 32/50 electrostatic separator. It has been established that the metal part consists mainly of copper and zinc. The noble metals are represented by silver and palladium. The optimal performance of the device was determined, which was 3 kg / min with a silver extraction of 97.8%.
When sorting radio-electronic scrap, it is possible to selectively release dry multilayer capacitors, which are characterized by an increased platinum content - 0.8% and palladium - 2.8% (Table 3).
Table 3.
The composition of the concentrates obtained by sorting and processing radio-electronic scrap
| N p / n | Content,% | ||||||||||
| Cu. | Ni. | Co. | Zn. | FE. | AG | AU. | Pd. | Pt. | Others | Sum | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Silver-palladium concentrates | |||||||||||
| 1 | 64,7 | 0,02 | sl. | 21,4 | 0,1 | 2,4 | sl. | 0,3 | 0,006 | 11,8 | 100,0 |
| Gold concentrates | |||||||||||
| 2 | 77,3 | 0,7 | 0,03 | 4,5 | 0,7 | 0,3 | 1,3 | 0,5 | 0,01 | 19,16 | 100,0 |
| Magnetic concentrates | |||||||||||
| 3 | sl. | 21,8 | 21,5 | 0,02 | 36,3 | sl. | 0,6 | 0,05 | 0,01 | 19,72 | 100,0 |
| Concentrates from condensers | |||||||||||
| 4 | 0,2 | 0,59 | 0,008 | 0,05 | 1,0 | 0,2 | not | 2,8 | 0,8 | MGO-14.9 CAO-25,6 SN-2,3 PB-2.5 R2O3-49,5 | 100,0 |
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The technology developed in the Research Institute of Gynalmazoloto is focused on obtaining mainly noble metals from elements and nodes of electronic scrap containing them. Another feature of technology is the widespread use of separation methods in liquid media and some other, characteristic of the ore of non-ferrous metals.
VNIipVTortsvetmet specializes in the processing technologies for individual types of scrap: printed circuit boards, electron-vacuum instruments, PTK blocks in TVs, etc.
By density, the material of the board with a high degree of accuracy is divided into two fractions: a mixture of metals and non-metals (+1.25 mm) and non-metals (-1.25 mm). Such a separation can be carried out on the screen. In turn, a metallic fraction can be isolated from the non-metal fraction at an additional separation on the gravitational separator and thereby achieved a high degree of concentration of the materials obtained.
Part (80.26%) of the remaining material of +1.25 mm can be subjected to re-crushing to the size of -1.25 mm, followed by the release of metals and non-metals from it.
At the Tacon plant in St. Petersburg, the production complex for extracting precious metals is installed and operated. Using the principles of shock-high-speed crushing of the original scrap (products for microwave equipment, reading devices, microelectronic schemes, printed circuits, PD-catalysts, printed circuit boards, galvanotechnics waste) on the installations (rotary-knife shredder, high-speed shock-rotary disintegrator, rumble drum, The separator electrostatic, separator magnetic) is obtained selectively disintegrated material, which is further divided by the methods of magnetic and electrical separation on the fractions represented by non-metals, ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals enriched with platinumides, gold and silver. Next, precious metals are highlighted through affinity.
This method is designed to obtain a polymetallic concentrate of silver, gold, platinum, palladium, copper, and other metals, with a non-metallic fraction of no more than 10%. Technological process Allows you to ensure the extraction of metal, depending on the quality of scrap at 92-98%.
Waste electrical and radiotechnical production, mainly fees, consist, as a rule, of two parts: installation elements (chip) containing precious metals and non-containing basic precious metals with an incoming part in the form of copper foil conductors. Therefore, according to the method developed by the Association "Mehanob-Tekhnogen", each of the components are subjected to the dispersion operation, as a result of which layered plastic loses its initial strength characteristics. Operarification is produced in a narrow temperature range 200-210ºС for 8-10 hours, then dried. Below 200ºС ocherization does not occur, the material "floats" above. With a subsequent mechanical crushing, the material is a mixture of grains of layered plastic with disintegrated elements of mounting, conductive part and pistons. Operarination operation in the aquatic environment prevents harmful allocations.
Each class of the size of the exposed after crushing of the material (-5.0 + 2.0; -2.0 + 0.5 and0.5 + 0 mm) is subjected to electrostatic separation in the field of the corona discharge, as a result of which fractions are formed: conducting everything Metal board elements and non-conductive - fraction of layered plastic appropriate size. Then from the metal fraction is obtained by solder and slices of precious metals. The non-conductive fraction after treatment is used either as a filler and pigment in the production of varnishes, paints, enamels, or re-in the production of plastics. Thus, substantial distinctive features These are: dispersion of electrical waste (boards) before crushing in an aqueous medium at a temperature of 200-210 ° C, and classification according to certain fractions, each of which is then processed with further use in industry.
The technology is characterized by high efficiency: the conductive fraction contains 98.9% of the metal when it is removed by 95.02%; The non-conductive fraction contains 99.3% of the modified glasskeepolite when it is removed by 99.85%.
Known another method for extracting noble metals (patent Russian Federation RU2276196). It includes disintegration of electronic scrap, vibration with a separation of a severe fraction containing noble metals, separation and extraction of metals. At the same time, the obtained radio-electron scrap is sorted and separated by metal parts, the remaining part of the scrap is subjected to vibration with a separation of severe fraction and separation. The heavy fraction after separation is mixed with pre-separated metal parts and is subjected to a mixture of oxidative melting when the air blast is in the range of 0.15-0.25 nm3 per 1 kg of the mixture, after which the heated alloy obtained in the sulfate solution of copper is carried out and isolated from the resulting sludge noble Metals. Thanks to the method, high removal of noble metals is ensured,%: Gold - 98.2; Silver - 96.9; Palladium - 98.2; Platinum - 98.5.
Directly the program on the system collection and disposal of the exhaust electronic and electrical equipment in Russia is practically absent.
In 2007, on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, in accordance with the order of the Government of Moscow "On the creation of an urban system for collecting and disposal of waste of electronics and electrical engineering" were gathered to choose land plots for the development of production facilities of the MHPE "Promotions" ecocenter and industrial processing Waste with the release of zones of utilization of electron and electrical products within the sections of the planned sanitary cleaning facilities.
According to the data on October 30, 2008, the project has not yet been embodied, and in order to optimize the budget spending of the city of Moscow for 2009-2010 and the planning period of 2011-2012, Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov, in difficult financial and economic conditions, ordered to suspend earlier decisions made About the construction and operation of a number of garbage processing enterprises and factories in Moscow.
Including suspended orders:
- "On the procedure for attracting investments to complete the construction and operation of the garbage disposal complex in the industrial zone of the South Butovo city of Moscow";
- "On the organizational support of the construction and operation of the garbage processing plant at the address: Ostapovsky passage, D.6 and D.6a (Southeast Administrative District of the city of Moscow)";
- "On the introduction of an automated system for controlling the turnover of waste and consumption in the city of Moscow";
- "On the design of an integrated enterprise of sanitary cleaning of the State Unitary Enterprise" Ekotehprom "at the address: Vostryakovsky passage, Vl.10 (Southern Administrative District of the city of Moscow)".
Transferred to 2011 deadlines for the implementation of orders:
- Order No. 2553-RP "On organizing the construction of a production and warehouse technological complex with elements of sorting and pre-processing of large-sized garbage in the industrial complex" Kuryanovo ";
- Order No. 2693-RP "On the establishment of a waste processing complex."
Also recognized by the inclusion of the order "On the establishment of an urban system for collecting, processing and disposing of electronics and electrical waste disposal".
A similar situation is observed in many cities of the Russian Federation and at the same time it is aggravated during the economic crisis.
Now in Russia there is a law that regulates the consumption waste management, which includes and served household appliances, for the violation of which a fine is envisaged: for citizens - 4-5 thousand rubles; For officials - 30-50 thousand rubles; for legal entities - 300-500 thousand rubles. But at the same time, throw the old refrigerator on the garbage, the radio or any part of the car is still the easiest way to get rid of the old technique. Especially since you can finish you only if you decide to leave the trash just on the street, in an unbelievable place for this place.
M.Sh. Barcan, Cand. tehn Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Geoecology, [Email Protected]
M.I. Chienenkova, Magistrand, Department of Geoecology
St. Petersburg State Mining University
LITERATURE
1. Secondary silver metallurgy. Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys. - Moscow. - 2007.
2. Getmanov V.V., Kestukov V.I. Electrolytic waste recycling
Computer equipment containing precious metals // MSTU " Ecological problems Modern. " - 2009.
3. Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2014135
4. Patent of the Russian Federation RU2276196
5. A set of equipment for processing and sorting of electronically and electrical scrap and cable. [Electronic resource]
6. Recycling office equipment, electronics, household appliances. [Electronic resource]