Date of formation: 07.10.1996
2. The territory of the reserve is cluster (5 clusters).
The reserve is located in the north of Western Siberia, in the northeastern part of the Tazovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenetsky autonomous region... Geographic coordinates of the vertices of the polygons, enclosing the extreme areas of the reserve, clockwise from the north: N 73º 06ʹ 25ʺ; E 79º 26ʹ 45ʺ; S 71º 41ʹ 04ʺ; W 74º 07ʹ 27ʺ.
The territory of the reserve is made up of the peninsulas of the northern part of the Gydansky peninsula: Yavai, Mammoth, Oleniy, the northern part of the Gydansky peninsula, adjacent to the coast of the Yuratskaya Bay; the islands of the southern part of the Kara Sea: Shokalsky, Pestsovye, Oleniy, Damned, Rovny. The protected water area is made up of the following straits: Gydansky, Oleniy, Yuratskaya Bay.
The northern border of the reserve runs along the northern coast of the Shokalsky and Oleniy islands; eastern - along the administrative border with the Taimyr autonomous region; southern - along the northeastern part of the Gydansky peninsula and the southern part of the Java peninsula; the western one - along the eastern coast of the Ob Bay.
Directorate address: 629350, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tazovsky settlement, st. Pristanskaya 3
Director - Berlinsky Vyacheslav Vladimirovich
Partners:
Ministry natural resources and ecology Russian Federation
Administration of the Tazovsky district
Tazovskaya boarding school of secondary (full) general education
Municipal formation settlement Tazovsky
Tazovsky fish factory
· LLC GSHP "Gyda-Agro"
· OOO "Fertoing"
Gazprom dobycha Yamburg (LLC)
3. Total area: 878174 ha
Square security zone nature reserve- 150 thousand hectares, of which 60 thousand hectares fall on the 1 km wide water area along the coastal boundaries of the reserve, and 90 thousand hectares - a strip 5 km wide along its southern continental border.
4. The full-fledged activity of the reserve began in the spring of 2001.
Federal State Institution "State nature reserve"Gydansky" "(hereinafter - the reserve) is a state nature conservation, research and environmental education institution of federal significance, aiming at preservation and study of the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems of the northern part of the Gydan Peninsula and the islands of the Kara Sea.
Research activities in the reserve and its protected zone is aimed at studying natural complexes and long-term monitoring of the dynamics of natural processes in order to assess, predict the ecological situation, develop scientific foundations for nature protection, preserve biological diversity biosphere, reproduction and rational use of natural resources.
Environmental education activities the reserve is aimed at the formation of ecological consciousness and the development of the ecological culture of citizens, the dissemination of ideas of nature reserve management among the general population as necessary condition fulfillment of its nature conservation functions by the reserve. The main areas of environmental education in the reserve are:
Work with the media (speeches of the reserve staff in the media, etc.);
- advertising and publishing activities;
- creation of video production;
- organization of visit centers for visitors;
- organizing and conducting, in accordance with the established procedure, ecological excursions in the protected zone and on the territory of the reserve:
- work with schoolchildren, interaction with the teaching staff and educational authorities;
- organization of ecological holidays and promotions;
- assistance in the training of specialists of the appropriate profile.
The Federal State Institution "State Natural Reserve" Gydansky "carries out the following income-generating activities that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation and this Regulation:
1) the sale of goods, the performance of work and the provision of services within the framework of environmental education, recreation, research, advertising and publishing and other activities carried out in accordance with this Regulation;
2) sale of products of subsidiary agricultural production;
3) the sale of products from nurseries and farms (including the breeding of wild animals and wild plants);
4) the sale of advertising, informational and scientific printing products, including printing (including computer typing and prototyping) and copying and duplicating works;
5) the sale of video and photographic products;
6) sales of products with the symbols of the reserve and souvenirs;
7) sale of wood obtained during forest care activities and woodworking products;
8) the sale (through the territorial bodies of the Federal Agency for State Property Management) gratuitously seized or confiscated in accordance with the established procedure tools and products of illegal use of natural resources;
9) conducting excursions for visitors on the territory of the reserve and its buffer zone, other specially protected natural areas, as well as in museums, museum expositions, arboretums, nurseries, aviary complexes and information centers reserve;
10) services for the organization and conduct of children's environmental camps;
11) services for the organization and conduct of student and school environmental practices, including for foreign students;
12) services related to professional photography and video filming;
13) services related to accommodation, accommodation, meals and recreation of visitors;
14) services related to visiting equipped excursion ecological trails and routes, viewing platforms, recreation sites);
15) rental Vehicle(including water), horses, tourist equipment and equipment for visitors;
16) provision of reference materials and other information and documentation on the issues of the scope of the reserve's activity;
17) transport services for visitors;
18) performance on a contractual basis of research work (including dendrological examination) and environmental protection measures (for the preservation and restoration of natural complexes and objects);
19) carrying out professional consultations in matters of preservation and study of natural complexes and objects, implementation of design work, expert work and assessments, including in the field of environmental protection, including an assessment of the impact on environment;
20) performance of works on monitoring of natural complexes and objects;
21) issuance of permits for the use of images of natural and historical and cultural complexes and objects located on the territory of the state natural reserve, as well as its names and symbols in the production of graphic, printed, souvenir and other replicated products and consumer goods.
Relief.
The extreme north of the Gydan Peninsula and the adjoining islands are a plain with a soft, rolling relief, composed of Quaternary alluvial and marine deposits, abounding in lakes and rivers. The absolute height of the ridges usually does not exceed 50-60 m, the maximum (161 m) is within the Gydan ridge. In the southwestern part of the Java Peninsula, there is the northern end of the Yuribey Ridge with an absolute height of 90 m.
Continuous permafrost is widespread on the territory of the reserve, its thickness is up to 150-300 meters.
Climate.
The territory of the reserve is located in the Atlantic region of the Arctic climatic zone... The warmest months of the year are July and August with average temperatures from + 5 ° С on the coast of the Kara Sea to + 10.2 ° С in the south of the Yenisei Bay, on some summer days the temperature can rise to + 20 ° С and even more. The coldest month is January, sometimes February, when average temperatures range from -24 ° C to -28 ° C. The absolute temperature minimum is -63 ° C.
Flora and fauna.
The territory of the reserve is located in the subzone of the Arctic tundra, and only the southern coast of the Gydan Bay and the basin of the Gyda River is included in the northernmost strip of typical tundra. Here you can find dwarf birch, gray and shaggy willows, polar willow, multifilament cotton grass and viviparous mountaineer.
No work has been done to study the flora of the reserve, but botanical research in areas relatively close to the reserve (Yenisei Bay, Sibiryakov Island, Yamal Peninsula) suggest that at least 120 species of vascular plants grow on the territory of the reserve. The herbarium, collected in 2002, includes 20 species of vascular plants belonging to 13 families. Among them are the polar poppy, two species of saxifrage, lingonberry, polar willow and arctic willow. Buttercup is sulfur-yellow, saxifrage is marsh, ice novosiversion is included in the Red Data Books of the Tyumen region (2004) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (1997)
As a result of research work, it has been established that at present, 18 species of mammals, 76 species of birds (50 species of them nest on the territory of the reserve), 20 species of bony fish live on the territory of the reserve and the adjacent water area.
V summer period Arctic foxes, lemmings are common on land, on the Java Peninsula and Shokalsky Island - reindeer... Visits of polar bears were recorded in both winter and summer seasons. In coastal waters, beluga whales, ringed seals, and bearded seals are common.
Two types of mammals - polar bear and the Atlantic walrus are included in the Red Data Books of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN-96) and Russia. On the territory of the reserve, the calving of wild reindeer of the Yamal-Gydan population, included in the Red Book of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, takes place. The state of this population is assessed as critical.
A large number of waterfowl nest and molt in the reserve. Among the birds of the reserve, the White-billed Diver, Lesser Swan, Lesser White-fronted Goose, Red-breasted Goose, White-tailed Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Ivory Gull are included in the Red Book of Russia.
The East Atlantic flight path of the black goose passes through the reserve. It is interesting that in connection with global warming In the last 30 years, some species of birds (bean goose, short-eared owl), fish (pike perch, pike) and plants (polar willow, cloudberry) have been recorded on the territory of the reserve, the northern border of distribution of which ran much to the south.
Tasks.
The following tasks are assigned to the reserve:
Conservation of natural areas in order to preserve biological diversity and maintain in the natural state of protected natural complexes and objects;
- organization and conduct of scientific research, including keeping the Chronicle of Nature;
- implementation environmental monitoring;
- environmental education;
- participation in the state ecological expertise of projects and layouts of economic and other facilities;
- assistance in the training of scientific personnel and specialists in the field of environmental protection.
Similar information.
Until 2001, the reserve had no staff. The full-fledged activity of the reserve began in the spring of 2001.
The purpose of the creation of the reserve is the protection and study of undisturbed tundra ecosystems in the north-west of Western Siberia, coastal marine ecosystems of the Kara Sea; as well as areas of mass nesting of waders and waterfowl.
The reserve is located in the north of Western Siberia on the Gydan Peninsula and the islands of the Kara Sea on the territory of the Tazovsky District of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Reserve area by order of 1996- 878,174 hectares.
The area of the protected zone of the reserve- 150 thousand hectares, of which 60 thousand hectares are in the 1 km wide water area along the coastal boundaries of the reserve, and 90 thousand hectares - a strip 5 km wide along its southern continental border.
The territory of the reserve is cluster (5 clusters).
The reserve is located in the north of Western Siberia, in the northeastern part of the Tazovsky region of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Geographical coordinates the vertices of the polygons enclosing the extreme areas of the reserve, clockwise from the north: N 73º 06ʹ 25ʺ; E 79º 26ʹ 45ʺ; S 71º 41ʹ 04ʺ; W 74º 07ʹ 27ʺ.
The territory of the reserve make up the peninsulas of the northern part of the Gydansky peninsula: Yavay, Mamonta, Oleniy, the northern part of the Gydansky peninsula, adjacent to the coast of the Yuratskaya Bay; the islands of the southern part of the Kara Sea: Shokalsky, Pestsovye, Oleniy, Damned, Rovny. The protected water area is made up of the following straits: Gydansky, Oleniy, Yuratskaya Bay.
Northern border the reserve runs along the northern coast of the Shokalsky and Oleniy islands; eastern - along the administrative border with the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug; southern - along the northeastern part of the Gydansky peninsula and the southern part of the Java peninsula; the western one - along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Ob.
Geological structure. Tectonically, the north of the Gydan Peninsula is a young plate, the foundation of which is composed of Cretaceous-Paleogene sediments. They occur at a considerable depth, only occasionally (not in the north of the Yuratskaya Bay, on the Dorofeevsky Peninsula) coming to the surface. Quaternary deposits are ubiquitous, represented mainly by Upper Quaternary strata (Kalyakin et al., 2000).
Relief. Orographically, the Gydan Peninsula is an area of marine boreal transgression (i.e., the transgression of the Arctic Ocean to the north of the Russian Plain). In fact, this is the bottom of the epicontinental seas, and the ridges and hills are archipelagos, i.e. islands rising above sea level. In the north is the plain of the Kara Sea. The southern part includes the lowland of the Gydan Peninsula. (Ivantsev, 2005).
The extreme north of the Gydan Peninsula and the adjoining islands are a plain with a soft, rolling relief, composed of Quaternary alluvial and marine deposits, abounding in lakes and rivers. The absolute height of the ridges usually does not exceed 50-60 m, the maximum (161 m) is within the Gydan ridge. In the southwestern part of the Java Peninsula, there is the northern end of the Yuribey Ridge with an absolute height of 90 m.
The following altitude levels are distinguished on the plain: flat-wavy abrasion-accumulative terrace 50-60 m high (in some areas - up to 80 m), formed 70-100 thousand years ago; flat swampy, with an abundance of lakes, lagoon-laid (alluvial-marine) terraces 10-45 m high, as well as terraces above the floodplain; flat swampy, with an abundance of lakes and floodplains. (Yamalo-Gydan region, 1977).
Parent rocks. The highest surfaces of the interfluves are composed of marine sediments formed at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene. This stratum consists mainly of silty sands, sandy loams, loams and includes powerful polygonal-veined ice. Surfaces 40-45 m and 20-25 m high (respectively, the third and second, marine and lagoon-marine terraces) are also composed mainly of sands, loams and clays with numerous ice veins... Extensive laids and lagoon-marine terraces with an absolute height of up to 10 m, river floodplains of lakes are composed of thick strata of Holocene alluvial deposits. Peat accumulated intensively in numerous boggy basins.
The high degree of ice content in loose sediments and the presence of thick underground ice are the reason for the widespread occurrence of intense thermal denudation (thermal abrasion) here. The banks are collapsing at a rate of several meters per year. A polygonal relief is formed on flat, humid areas.
The islands of the Kara Sea are also low-altitude accumulative plains. It is assumed that these islands are the remains of a lacustrine-alluvial plain that existed at the end of the late Pleistocene and is currently destroyed by the sea. The maximum absolute height of Shokalsky Island, which is morphologically similar to the Java Peninsula, is 10.1 m, almost all of its territory is a sea terrace 4-7 m high.The maximum absolute height of Oleniy Island is 13.1 m, in its central part there are many hills and ridges separated by large lakes of complex outlines. They are bordered by a strip of flat plains with numerous small lakes and khasyrei (drained lake hollows).
Permafrost rocks are widespread throughout the reserve, their thickness is 150-300 m, decreasing in areas with saline strata and increasing where sandy marine sediments prevail. Permafrost is also found in the coastal part of the Kara Sea. There are widespread strata that have negative temperatures, but are in a thawed state (highly saline strata - cryopegs). Permafrost temperatures range from -9 ° C to 0 °, -1 ° C.
The ice content of loose sediments is usually in the range of 30-50%, but in Holocene loams of low marine and lagoon-marine terraces it reaches 80%. A feature of the cryogenic structure is the presence of large deposits of underground ice. The thickness of the ice layers exceeds 4-5 m with a length of up to several hundred meters.
The depth of seasonal thawing does not exceed 0.2-1.2 meters (Kalyakin et al., 2000).
Climate. The territory of the reserve is located in the Atlantic area of the Arctic climatic zone (Simonov, 1977; Myagkova, 1983). In the cold period of the year, the state of the weather is determined by the influence of the Asian baric maximum, in summer - by a much weaker pronounced area of high pressure, which forms above The Barents Sea as well as the Arctic front, along which western and northwestern cyclones often pass, bringing precipitation and wind.
The annual sunshine duration is 1000-1200 hours.
The warmest months of the year are July-August (average temperatures from 5 ° C on the coast of the Kara Sea to 10 ° C near the southern border of the reserve). The coldest months are January-February (average temperatures are 24-28 ° C). The absolute minimum is -57 ° C, the maximum is + 25 ° C. Average annual air temperatures range from -10 ° C to -12 ° C.
In the cold season, the severity of the climate is determined more by the wind speed than by the temperature. In winter, the prevailing wind is from the southern points. The strongest winds can reach speeds of 40 m / s. In summer, northern and northeasterly winds... Average wind speed in summer months less than in other seasons, but maximum speed winds can reach 24 - 30 m / s.
The duration of the frost-free period ranges from 55 to 70 days. The approximate date of the transition of the average daily air temperature through 5 ° C: on the Mammoth Peninsula - July 11, on the Java Peninsula - July 21, on the Shokalsky Island - mid-August. The duration of the period with an average daily temperature above 12-15 ° C is less than 10 days (in the south of the reserve), in the north there is no such period at all.
The territory of the reserve belongs to the area of excessive moisture, but not due to the large amount of precipitation, but due to the general weak evaporation. Annual precipitation is about 300 mm, of which 50-55% falls in the warm season.
The snow cover lasts 240-270 days, the average height is 35-60 cm.
Snowstorms and fogs are frequent weather phenomena, hail and ice are rare, thunderstorms are not every year (Kalyakin et al., 2000).
Hydrology. With a small amount of heat and excessive moisture, a dense network of rivers and lakes is formed on vast plains with an aquiclude from frozen rocks, the hydrological features of which are practically not studied.
The rivers are fed almost exclusively by snow. The peak of the flood occurs in late June - early July. The magnitude of the rise in the water level is usually 2-5 m, on some rivers it reaches 7-9 m. The duration of the flood is usually no more than a month, the maximum water discharge takes place in 1.5-2.5 weeks. In summer, water is scarce in most of the rivers. Freezing occurs in late September - early October. The minimum water level is observed in winter (winter low-water period), many small rivers freeze to the bottom, the water in them remains only in thermokarst pits.
Tundra rivers are very meandering. Wide riverbanks are characteristic, often occupying more than half the width of the riverbed during low-water periods.
Lacustrine basins are of thermokarst or residual marine origin. The diameter of most lakes is 150-200 m. The shores of most lakes are low (0.3-0.5 m), overgrown, the bottom near the shores is viscous. The predominant part of the lakes is shallow (up to 3 m), and freezes to the bottom in winter. Some lakes have a depth of 25-36 m. In river valleys, reservoirs of erosion origin prevail, in interfluves - thermokarst. Many lakes are connected by meandering channels and have a drain.
Most of the tundra lakes are poor in minerals (oligotrophic). They belong mainly to the sulfate and bicarbonate class of the sodium group. PH varies within 5.2-6.8.
The tundra lakes are characterized by a short duration of the open water period (2 - 2.5 months). They open up at the beginning of July, are covered with ice at the end of September, and sometimes even earlier. The thickness of the ice cover reaches 2 - 2.5 m.
The erosional activity of streams often leads to the descent of lakes and the formation of vast, highly moistened basins (khasyrei) in their place. Many khasyreis are completely flooded during high water, and dry up by August. In the bottoms of the khasyrei, residual lakes with a depth of 1 - 1.5 m are widespread, constantly changing their outlines.
The Obskaya, Gydanskaya and Yuratskaya bays make up a significant part of the coastal waters of the reserve (the water area of the Yuratskaya bay with a mirror area of 900 km² is completely part of the reserve's water area). Characteristic feature These sea bays (bays) are highly desalinated and high ice coverage. The ice cover reaches its maximum development in May. The open water period lasts less than 80 days a year. With surging winds, the sea level changes by 1 - 3 m, the water level in rivers also changes rapidly, sometimes at a considerable distance from the mouth (Kalyakin et al., 2000).
Semi-diurnal tides change the water level in the bays (excluding wind impact) from 0.5 m (quadrature tides) to 1.5 m (syzygy tides).
Vegetation cover. The entire territory of the reserve is located in the subzone of the Arctic tundra, within the Yamal-Gydan sub-province of the European-West Siberian province of the Arctic floristic region.
In the early Holocene (9250-9400 years ago) on the Gydan Peninsula up to 68º-69º N. NS. the spruce-birch taiga was widespread, and the more northern regions were occupied by shrub tundra. Subsequently, the northern border of the forest gradually receded to the south (Zubakov, 1972).
Currently, in the river valleys and on laids in the northern part of the Gydan Peninsula, eutrophic arctic permafrost-fissured grass (sedge, cotton grass) and moss-grass bogs, as well as arctic ridge-polygonal sedge-hypnum bogs with shrubs and lichens on ridges, prevail. Intrazonal distribution of shrub vegetation (willow, dwarf birch) is noted not only within typical tundra, but also in the subzone of arctic tundra on the territory of the reserve. In the valley of the Yesya-Yakha River, the bush thickets almost reach the coast of the Yuratskaya Bay, where they do not overcome only the strip of marches, periodically flooded with tides.
No work has been carried out to study the flora of the reserve, but botanical research in areas relatively close to the reserve (Yenisei Bay, Sibiryakov Island, Yamal Peninsula) suggest that at least 120 species of vascular plants grow on the territory of the reserve. The herbarium, collected in 2002, includes 20 species of vascular plants belonging to 13 families. Among them are the polar poppy, two species of saxifrage, lingonberry, polar willow and arctic willow. Buttercup is sulfur-yellow, saxifrage is marsh, ice novosiversion are included in the Red Data Books of the Tyumen Region (2004) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (1997) (Kalyakin et al., 2000).
Animal world. The youth of its fauna corresponds to the relative youth of the territory of the north of Western Siberia: the oldest remains of the mammoth fauna from here are less than 50 thousand years old (Arkhipov, 1971; Kalyakin, 1995), and the latest remains of mammoths from the Gydan Peninsula and adjacent territories are slightly less than 10 thousand years old. years (Arslanov et al., 1982; Lavrov, Sulerzhitsky, 1992). This means that mammoths lived here until the beginning of the Holocene, during which the modern soil and vegetation cover and animal world(Kalyakin et al., 2000).
As a result of research work, it has been established that at present, 18 species of mammals, 76 species of birds (50 species of them nest on the territory of the reserve), 20 species of bony fish live on the territory of the reserve and the adjacent water area.
Two species of mammals - the polar bear and the Atlantic walrus are included in the Red Data Books of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN-96) and Russia. On the territory of the reserve, the calving of wild reindeer of the Yamal-Gydan population, included in the Red Book of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, takes place. The state of this population is assessed as critical.
The polar bear is found on the territory of the reserve both in winter and in summer, on the islands of Shokalsky and Oleniy there are dens of polar bears.
In coastal waters, the following are common: beluga whale, ringed seal, bearded seal (bearded seal). From rare species noteworthy is the killer whale sighted in 2002 near the western coast of Shokalsky Island.
A large number of waterfowl and near-water birds nest and molt in the reserve. On the Shokalsky Island alone, 6-8 thousand white-fronted geese molt and hatch.
Of the birds found in the reserve, the following are included in the Red Book of Russia: white-billed loon, small (tundra) swan, white-fronted goose, red-breasted goose, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, white gull. The Red Book of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug includes: barnacle goose, common scooper. Of the rare species inhabited: Siberian eider, Singa, sandpiper, Asiatic snipe.
Common: black-throated and red-throated loons, brent goose, comb eider, middle merganser, pintail, long-tailed duck, tundra partridge, plover, turukhtan, middle skua, glaucous gull, eastern cough, Arctic tern, some species of passerines: Laplandian plantain , East Siberian nightingale (bluethroat).
The territory of the reserve is crossed by the East Atlantic flyway of water and semi-aquatic birds flying along the northern shores of Eurasia.
Reptiles and amphibians do not inhabit the reserve.
Among the bony fish in the reservoirs of the reserve live: nelma, arctic char, peled, wild boar, pyzhyan, Siberian vendace, grayling; in coastal waters the dominant species is omul, common sculpin, polar flounder, polar cod, navaga, pink salmon.
At present, some species of mammals are recorded on the territory of the reserve ( Brown bear), birds (pintail, short-eared owl), fish (pike perch, pike), plants (polar willow, cloudberry), some species of mushrooms, the northern border of the range of which ran much further south.
Soil cover. Most of the territory of the reserve is dominated by thin (up to 0.4 m) soils (Kalyakin et al., 2000).
No work on the study of the soil cover on the territory of the reserve was carried out.
Data on the soil cover on the territory of the reserve are given in the Atlas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Atlas of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. FSUE "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2004. pp. 182 - 188). The author of the map "Soil Cover" and the text to it is Khrenov V. Ya. (Scale 1: 3,500,000). The map was compiled using materials: "Soil Map of the Russian Federation and Neighboring States", 1995 edition, scale 1: 4,000,000.
The territories of the Yamal Peninsula, the Gydan and Taz Peninsulas are assigned to the facies of very cold permafrost soils of the North Siberian province of tundra gley, tundra illuvial-humus and tundra-boggy soils. A characteristic feature of the structure of the soil cover of this province is high waterlogging (up to 80% or more). For bog massifs, polygonal-roller complexes of bog permafrost and tundra-bog soils are typical. The zonal soils are dominated by tundra-illuvial-humus soils on light rocks and tundra gley soils on heavy rocks. Significant areas are occupied by alluvial and marching soils, the latter are often highly saline or solonetzic.
The soils of Shokalsky Island, the northern tip of the Java Peninsula, the northeastern half of Oleniy Island, are represented by boggy permafrost and boggy humus-peaty-gley soils.
On the Yavai Peninsula, arctotundra and tundra-boggy soils, soils of spots and cracks (cryo- and hydrogenic soil complexes), with intrazonal inclusions of boggy permafrost and boggy humus-peaty-gley soils are mainly common. On the Pestsov Islands and on the eastern coast of the Java Peninsula, adjacent to the islands, the soils are marching.
The soils of the southwestern half of Oleniy Island are arct-tundra, tundra-boggy, and soils of spots and cracks.
In the western part of the Mammoth Peninsula, along the eastern coast of the Gydan Bay, from Cape Vostochny in the south to Cape Mammoth in the north, there are marching soils. From the east, this territory is adjoined by a section about 15 km wide and about 50 km long, located meridionally, on which tundra illuvial-humus soils are widespread on sandy and sandy loam rocks.
In the central part of the Mammoth Peninsula, south of the coast of the Gydan Bay, located between Cape Mammoth and Cape Minin (the lower and middle reaches of the Salyalekabtambad River), boggy permafrost and boggy humus-peaty-gley soils are widespread. In the eastern (western coast of the Yuratskaya Bay) and southeastern parts of the Mammoth Peninsula, tundra-boggy soils are common on loamy and clayey rocks.
In the territory located southeast of the coast of the Yuratskaya Bay, up to the floodplain of the Gyda River, boggy permafrost and boggy humus-peaty-gley soils are widespread.
The Oleniy Peninsula is also mainly covered with boggy permafrost and boggy humus-peaty-gley soils. From the south, a section 15-20 km wide wedges into the peninsula, stretching from the south-east to the north-west along the valley of the Mongoche river, with tundra illuvial-humus soils on sandy and sandy loamy rocks, ending 25 km from the Oleniy Strait.
Rice. 1. Vein ice in the coastal cliff. West coast of Shokalsky Island
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Location and history of the Gydan nature reserve
The reserve is located in the extreme north-east of the Tazovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district of the Tyumen region. On its territory are located the Yavay Peninsula, the northern part of the Mammoth Peninsula, the Oleniy Peninsula, Damned, Rovny. The territory of the reserve was seriously damaged as a result of the activities of geologists and drillers: vast areas of reindeer pastures and hunting grounds were significantly disturbed by heavy equipment, some lakes were poisoned industrial effluents and drilling fluids, the habitat of animals and birds was disturbed.
The reserve was established in 1996 to preserve nature from modern and future technogenic impact associated with oil and gas development of the territory. The reserve contributes to the conservation of the East Atlantic flyway of aquatic and semi-aquatic birds flying along the northern shores of Asia. Today the reserve does not have a central estate and staff.
Territory Gydansky nature reserve is a plain with a soft, rolling relief with the presence of icy loose sediments and powerful underground ice... The thickness of the ice layers exceeds 4 - 5 m. The territory is covered by continuous permafrost with a thickness of 150 - 300 m. The islands of the Kara Sea are plains of low altitude. Maximum height Shokalsky Island - 10.1 m, Oleny Island - 13.1 m with hills and ridges located on it, separated by large lakes.
The warmest months of the year are July and August. In the cold season from November to March, the severity of the weather is determined by the wind speed. Snowstorms are frequent on the coast of the Kara Sea in winter. In summer, winds blow mainly from the north and north-east directions. The most frequent weather phenomena are blizzards and fogs.
The territory belongs to the area of excessive moisture due to the general weak evaporation. Most of the precipitation falls during the warm season. The wettest months are August and September.
Snow cover sets in early October and breaks down in mid or late June.
The rivers are fed by ice melting. The amount of water rise is 2 - 5 m, but on some rivers it reaches 7 - 9 m. In summer, in most rivers there is very little water. The minimum amount of water is in winter, when shallow rivers freeze to the very bottom. Tundra rivers are characterized by a high degree of tortuosity. Most of the lakes are shallow and freeze to the bottom in winter. Most of the tundra lakes are poor in minerals. The Gydansky Bay and the Yuratskaya Bay with a total area of 14.7 thousand square meters make up a significant part of the coastal waters. km, characterized by strong desalination and high ice coverage.
Most of the territory of the Gydan Nature Reserve is characterized by a predominance of thin soils.
The nature of the Gydansky reserve
The nature of the reserve for many centuries has been influenced by the indigenous people - the Nenets: cattle grazing, cutting down trees and shrubs, fires specially used by reindeer herders to expand the territory for grazing animals. Larch is widespread on the southern border. Alder clumps are found in the central part of the typical tundra subzone. Flora of the vicinity of the village. Leskino comprises over 180 species of vascular plants. The flora of Sibiryakov Island includes 162 species of vascular plants.
Animals of the Gydan Nature Reserve
The fauna of the reserve can be considered relatively young; the oldest remains of mammoths are less than 50 thousand years old. The following species are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. Gydan Nature Reserve: Siberian sturgeon, white-billed loon, red-breasted goose, white-fronted goose, small swan, white-tailed eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, polar bear, walrus, narwhal, northern fin whale.
The Siberian lamprey lives in the Ob and Gydan bays. Of sturgeon fish in the largest rivers and some lakes, sturgeon is common. Salmon in Gydan are represented only by arctic char. In coastal and inland waters Gydana, Siberian grayling is common. The adjacent areas of Gydan are inhabited by nelma, Siberian vendace, tugun, arctic omul, peld, chir, pyzhyan, and muksun. Occasionally an ide enters the Gydansu Bay, in the coastal and inland river waters burbot, nine-spined stickleback and common ruff are common.
Among the representatives of the representatives of the marine ichthyofauna, the following are distinguished: capelin, Arctic cod (mass species), navaga, cottunculus "Sadko", medium lumpenus, common gimnel, patterned licod, slingshot, sharp-nosed triglops, two-horned ichthyles, rough hook-horn, leptagon, Arctic-sea fox pinagor, Deryugin and Jordan roundlopes, arctic liparis, humpbacked and black-bellied, Reinhardt's kareprokt, small-headed and little-eyed, European halibut flounder.
In Northern Gydan, nesting of the red-breasted eider has been established. In the north of the Mammoth Peninsula, there is a small swan, in truth, in small numbers. Barnacle goose fly-overs have been recorded; black goose is found on migration and molt. The white-fronted goose nests on the mainland and islands, on the Mammoth Peninsula - the bean goose. Among ducks, long-tailed ducks and comb eiders are considered common nesting species, and Siberian eiders on the Mammoth Peninsula and on some other islands. Of the birds of prey, the Rough-legged Buzzard and the Peregrine Falcon nest. White-tailed eagle and gyrfalcon are known as rare migratory birds on the territory of the reserve.
Of the partridges, the tundra partridge is common and nests. Among waders, the following are widespread and nesting: tules, Asian brown-winged plover, tieback, turnstones, flat-nosed and round-nosed phalaropes, turukhtan, sandpiper-sparrow, white-tailed sandpiper, red-breasted dunl, black-throated dunl.
In years when the number of lemmings is high, the snowy owl nests. Among the passerine birds nesting were: Horned Lark, Red-throated Pipit, White Wagtail, Common Wheater, Tap Dance, Little Bunting, Lapland Plantain, Bunting. The field sparrow lives in human buildings.
Of the insectivores, only the tundra shrew lives on the territory of the reserve. The Siberian lemming is widespread among rodents. The hoofed lemming is common everywhere except the islands.
Among the predators on the territory of the reserve, there are polar bears, in the summer the brown bear comes in. Wolves move around the reserve following the reindeer. Arctic fox is considered to be a common predator of the reserve. Foxes are possible to visit along the Yesyayakhi valley.
In the coastal waters of the north of Western Siberia, walruses and several species of seals used to live in large numbers. Recently, small walrus deposits have been observed in the summer on the Bely Peninsula.
Three species of cetaceans are known in this area: the beluga whale remains a common species, the narwhal has become very rare, and the fin whale was recorded in the Yenisei Bay in 1950.
The number of wild reindeer reaches several thousand animals. Elk occasionally enters the Arctic coast.
Most protected species:
Birds: white-billed loon, red-breasted goose, gyrfalcon, small swan, white-tailed eagle, white-fronted goose, white owl, peregrine falcon
Mammals: elk, white bear, brown bear, walrus, narwhal, northern deer, fin whale
Bone fish: Siberian sturgeon
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On the Gydan Peninsula, there is a unique protected area, famous for its abundance of flora and fauna.
Today the Gydan Peninsula is famous for being one of the main sources of oil and gas. Scientists note that in its vastness there is a no less valuable object of Russian heritage - the Gydan Nature Reserve. The state-protected territory stretches in the north of the Siberian Plain of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and is washed by the Kara Sea. The main part of the peninsula is occupied by hills, plains and small hills.
The Gydansky Reserve was established in 1996 in order to preserve the unique natural integrity against the background of the development of oil and gas relations and the search for new deposits. At the beginning of the operation of oil and gas pipelines, the development of the "blue fuel" and "black gold" industries poisoned the environment: rivers and lakes were damaged, reindeer pastures and hunting grounds were disrupted by the work of new equipment. Reserved spaces play important role in preserving the nomadic path for birds.
It should be noted that the Gydansky Nature Reserve is the youngest state-protected area in Tyumen. It is located on the territory of the Tazovsky district, occupying about 787,174 thousand hectares.
The protected area has a number of unique water sources. The northern side of the reserve is washed by the Kara Sea. Melting glaciers are feeding local water bodies. In summer, the rivers are replenished with water, but there is very little of it, so some small bodies of water dry up by the end of the hot season. In winter, most of the lakes and rivers freeze to the bottom. Scientists note that the dominant part water resources the reserve contains a small proportion of minerals and salts.
Vegetable world
In the Gydan Nature Reserve, unique species of plants and animals are noted, the life of which is determined by a specific climate. The endless expanses have at their disposal both rivers, lakes and marshlands. Most of the vegetation belongs to mosses, various swamp shrubs, lichens, variegated grass, sedge. On separate segments of the reserve, where water bodies have dried up, “newborn” meadows are noted. Larch grows in the southern part of the reserved space, and alder in the central part.
Animal world
The fauna of the reserve is relatively young. The discovered remains of an ancient mammoth are about 50,000 years old. Into a unique book rare plants and animals included such representatives of the Gydan Reserve, such as Siberian sturgeon, white-cranberry loon, goose, small swan, walrus, fin whale. The Red-throated Gagra bird, which nests here, is a "celebrity" of the protected area. In addition to her, white-fronted goose, tundra partridges, peregrine falcons and buzzards huddle here. Among the inhabitants of local water bodies, scientists note the Siberian lamprey, salmon families, grayling, nelma, tugunas.
On the official website of the Gydan Nature Reserve, visitors can find out its location, possible ways of approaching it, excursion routes, rules and schedule of visits.
Located in Western Siberia, in the Tazovsky region. It was organized in 1996 on October 7th. The total area of the reserve is 878,174 hectares.
The protected area is located in the Atlantic area of the Arctic climatic zone. In the cold season, the Asian baric anticyclone directly affects the state of the weather; in the summer, it is a high-pressure region that forms over The Barents Sea.
Gydan State Natural Reserve and its climate, relief and general information
The warmest months are July and August, with average temperature 5-10 С with a plus sign. The lowest temperatures are observed in January and February, when the thermometer drops to -28 C.During the cold season of the year (from November to March), the wind speed is more influenced by the wind speed than the temperature. In winter, southern winds blow more often. In summer, north-east and north winds prevail. The frost-free period lasts for 55-70 days.
Territory Gydansky nature reserve belongs to the area of excessive moisture. Moreover, this is due not to a large amount of precipitation, but to weak evaporation. Annually, about 300 mm of precipitation falls on the reserved lands, half of which falls on the summer period. Snow cover lasts on average for 240 days: it sets in early October and collapses at the end of June.
Within the territory of Gydansky state reserve with excessive moisture and an insignificant amount of heat, a thick network of lakes and rivers... The rivers are fed by snow; June is the peak of the flood. As a rule, the flood lasts no more than a month. In the summer, there is little water in most of the rivers. Freeze-up occurs at the end of September. In winter, a minimum water level is observed - at this time, most of the small rivers freeze to the bottom.
Gydan State Natural Reserve and its flora
Vegetation cover Gydansky nature reserve characterized by patchiness, which is formed by a combination of tundra areas and communities devoid of vegetation. Dominated by shrub-moss and lichen-moss hummock tundra, sedge-hypnum polygonal bogs and cushy-moss boggy tundra.In river valleys, willows with grasses, cotton grass (reddish, vaginal and multi-spike), hydrophilic and mesophilic forbs, green and sphang mosses are common. Bogs are mostly lowland and transitional.
