Special destination regiment. Divisions of the special forces became the victims of fashion to their name 19 separate Rota special purpose

At the peak of the development of special forces, GS GS consisted of sixteen separate brigades (OBRSPN) special purpose (one in each military district or group of troops) and individual mouths (ORSPN) - one in each combination army. With the exception of the red-known Transcaucasian Military District, where two (12th and 22nd, kandaharskaya) brigade were located.

Each OSRSPN included a separate company - a special mining company - the most terrible (and secret) method of special forces - wearable nuclear fugas. To get to serve in such a company was equally difficult and honorable - a kind of elite Elite ...

Specialists (communication and sapper), the junior team composition, as well as ensigns for special forces divisions prepared in the city of Pechora (Leningrad Military District) in the 1071st special-purpose training regiment (disbanded in 1999). In 1985, 467th separate was formed training regiment Special purpose in the city of Chirchik (Uzbek SSR, Turkestan Military District). They prepared both sergeants and many specialists - intelligence snipers, flooring-operators, grenadeometters AGS-17, sappers and radioists, as well as ordinary scouts.

Officers for special purpose parts prepared on the basis of the Ryazan Supreme Airborne Command School. Initially, it was one company cadets. Since 1981, in connection with the war in Afghanistan on the basis of the platforms of the famous ninth company, the 13th and 14th companies, minimized later in the battalion, were formed. Since 1994, the battalion has been fully translated into the Novosibirsk Higher Officer Command School and will be deployed to a five-volume composition (the first Chechen) began. Before the collapse of the USSR, in 1991, officers for special forces prepared the reconnaissance faculty of Kiev Woku. Graduates of other general-purpose (infantry, in other words) Schools The path to special forces was not closed. Graduates of the Baku, Alma-Ata, Tashkent, Far Eastern and other schools, no less valiantly served in parts of the special purpose.

Officers experts came from profile schools. Engineers gave Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School. Signatures - Cherepovets Higher Military Command School Communication. The Perm Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Rocket Forces was supplied by specialists in the company's company (a joke of the commander of the special minister's team called the "Atomic Bomb Commander", the group was a few - only four scouts). Motorists came from Chelyabinsk, aerial service specialists from Ryazan, from the Faculty of Engineering.

Served in parts of special forces and sea officers. On each of the four fleets of the Navy of the USSR and in the Caspian flotilla were parts sea Special Forces. From individual brigades in part of the Navy regularly submitted companies for the passage of maritime training. And the personal composition of the individual mouth of the special forces (as well as intelligence of general-purpose divisions) was airborne preparation on the training base of individual brigades. In addition, the usual rotation of the officer of the Military District was held. As a result, in a few officer corps, almost everyone knew everyone, if not personally, then through one handshake. This contributed to the formation of a special corporate spirit.

The retraining of special forces officers took place on the legendary courses "Shot" in the city of Solnechnogorsk of the Moscow region, for officers of a special ministerial officers - in Zaganian. Part of the officers could continue their studies at the Military Academy. Frunze or Military Academy Soviet army (Otherwise, it was called the Military Diplomatic Academy). The graduates of the latter often went to the service of foreign intelligence services of GS GSH or in the hull of the military attache.

The main purpose of special forces is intelligence and sabotage activities in the rear of the regular troops of the enemy. Priority goals - means of a nuclear attack, management and communications, headquarters, complexes high-precision weapons, airfields and anti-air defense means. Concept combat application Parts of special purpose did not provide for its actions to combat partisans, bandgruises, illegal armed formations, militants, and so on. However, it was part of the special forces who were most adapted to the anti-artisan war in the deserts and the mountains of Afghanistan and Chechnya due to the high combat spirit, professionalism and flexible tactics. Come on to perform special forces and the tasks that do not have the tasks at all - the protection of the arsenals and airfields, the accompaniment of colon, the personal protection of the Supreme Officers of the Staff of the district and the headquarters itself, the search and destruction of armed deserters. (There were also very exotic tasks, such as the search for the missing artillery ammunition with a special rate) imposition of typical infantry problems or curfews, was most often due to the degradation of the personnel of motorized rifle units and as a result - inability to fulfill their tasks.

In the late 90s, the teams were abolished in the brigades. Separate companies abolished. Disbanded the educational regiment and school of ensigns. Since 2010, a set of cadets in Novosibirsk Woku at the Faculty of Special Intelligence is not being conducted. The set of officers of special purpose parts in the military academies and special courses. The country's military-political leadership decided to disband individual team of special forces. Today, four of them remained in the armed forces of the country!. The Russian Federation is not USSR, the territory is less and the global enemy is missing seemingly, but it is very rashful to do that, I think!

In essence, part of the special forces remained the only units able to resist the irregular armed formations in local conflicts. The price of the combat experience of special forces - more than eight hundred dead scouts! And it turns out to be nobody! And this is at the time when the Caucasus bursts, and the sparks reach the central part of the country. Personally, such decisions are not clear to me. A gift to the holiday was the recent decision of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense on the abolition of the general intelligence department of the General Staff. Military intelligence we do not need! So decided Serdyukov. The Supreme Commander approved! Of course, the officers did not go anywhere - they replenished the ranks of the FSB and FSO, "Vimpel" and anti-terrorist regional centers, riot police and so on. Other became in slender rows of personal protection of oligarchs, someone went into business, someone in crime. But this is another story, this is not a story of special forces.

Happy holiday! With the 61st anniversary of the troops of the special purpose!

"Hussara" in volatility.

We flew in the fall in Chechnya and the turntable closed us, we were 6 and from the turntable, 6 two hundred and smiling pilot said "And what to replace it?". But we returned alive, did not come true.
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876 A separate special purpose company was based in the Costa region Vladikavkaz, first took an active part in the elimination of the consequences of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict. Chermen, the Chernogo Circle, Tara, Vladikavkaz. Patrol on the border, demining, the protection of important persons such as: Lozovoy, Kvashann, Troshev and Shamanov. Then a business trip to Chechnya I stayed there for 9 months. Basically, the division was in Hancale and by order on the helicopter were sent to the mountains, then there were squares in the mountains in the mountains, the search and destruction of irreconcilable, or artvodka or aviation, the elimination of oil refineries, the search and liberation of the prisoners, and the fusion of the Mujahideen. Bamut was for me a demobel chord.
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"Hussara" in volatility.
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Before Bamut, we traveled two or three weeks. Our task was: to block the village and and then during the assault to save the prisoners if there are. It was the only time when we acted with scrollium 166 of the OMSBR (with "Fearful Rota") we walked on the bamut on the other side of the pass, was such a moment: that we confused them with the militants, and caused artillery on them.

"I died the battery on the radio, worked only at the reception. And heard someone with the call sign "Hussar" binds to our artillery and asks to send 3-5 "cucumbers" (min), they say some kind of body. At the same time they call our coordinates. The god of war did not praise, sent 5 "cucumbers", and, most amazing, did not miss this time. "
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From Lev: Nikolai "Communication" and Jura "Frost" in Bamut.

Under the bamut, we did not have a shootout with militants except for a single shelling, where they were wounded. It was like this: we went from the bottom, and the militants are higher, they went noisy, we heard and lay under the leaves of the fern (probably) in principle, in the scope of the bearded, it was visible, but if it goes into battle, it would have interfered with many of us. Our position was not profitable. We stumbled ... someone apparently noticed something from them and gave turn in foliage in our direction. One bullet entered our guy, which was with the WRCh in his hand, in the flesh. He was in front of me, I saw only how he squeezed his teeth with a belt of a machine gun. There was no more shooting.

Later we tried to contact "mad" but they turned off the radio. For us, the "cucumbers" flew and on them, well, they apparently decided that they were trapped and their loud. We also turned off for a while (in fact, at the radio station Nikolai "Communication" just got a battery on the radio and he worked only at the reception).

The moment of the meeting and his details with the "Ramane Rota" did not remember. We got a delay in the day before, the turntable did not come during. And we were from yesterday in the easiest ", the fighters did not eat anything. And then the guys shared with garbage.

"Hussary".

On armor BMP "Hussary", with the right guys from the "Ramane Company".

Next, we descended from the hills, it was already absolutely dark. An order was given that sleeping at the stream, if paired doses appear, then remove silent knives and silent weapons. At night, when it was raining, we found themselves in the stream, and lying around in the water all night. In my morning, something was, but it is so "how tea drinks." Somewhere noise, you turn there, then it seems like it seems that they answered, well, a couple more people to join you. On the outfit on May 25, together with the "rams" entered the bamut. As such, I do not remember, small shootouts are incomprehensible to whom, more precisely, we shot, before entering the house or into the courtyards, there were underground transitions between the houses, the grenades were throwing there, and so everything was the village of Herochlorian. So all day and passed, then we took some kind of house and spent there. I then died a little with officers, we were tired of all the bers in clay, and they let us chase us as perfume, well, we kind of fucked by the shutters. " On the second day of stay in Bamut, we went to the dungeon, missile mines, there was nothing interesting, garbage dirt and screamed, then led sappers, flew shamans like and then rushed these mines at the entrance, the entrance was pounded and everyone went home. For years, I don't remember how it would seem to be a cow in Hancal on the turntance, the order for the demob was long ago. From Huncala with a turntable back to Vladikavkaz and then current home by train.

In 1953, during a large-scale reduction of the Armed Forces of the USSR, 35 separate specials of special purpose were disbanded. 11 The remaining mouths were distributed as follows:
66th ORSPN
67th ORSPN
75th ORSPN (V / h 61272, Northern in, Olonets);
77th ORSPN (in / h 71108, Baltic in, 11th guards Army., Kaliningrad, RSFSR);
78th ORSPN(in / h 61290, Belarusian in, 28th Army, Grodno, Belarusian SSR);
81st ORSPN (V / h 61321, Carpathian in, 13th Army, Lutsk Volyn region, Ukrainian SSR);
82nd ORSPN (in / h 71116, Carpathian in, 38th Army, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Ukrainian SSR);
85th ORSPN
86th ORSPN
91th ORSPN (in / h 51423, Central Asian at, Kazandzhik);
92nd ORSPN (V / h P / C 51447, Northern Group of Troops, Chekon, Poland).

In addition, the remaining companies were transferred under the control of the main command of the ground forces. The total number of personnel is 1,320.

Disbanding such a number of combat units has become a heavy blow for military intelligence in general. So, January 11, 1957, Major General N.V. Sherstnev sends a service note to the head of the General Staff of the General Staff, which indicated that companies do not have the ability to provide versatile combat training, and offered instead of 11 mouth to create 3 special-purpose detachments and one aircraft surrounding subordinate. The number of the detachment would be about 400 people.

The then Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal Soviet Union GK Zhukov appreciated the potential of special intelligence and laughed at her high hopes in a possible war. The directive of the head of the General Staff No. OSH / 1/22878 was published on August 9, 1957 and the Directive of the Commander-in-Chief of Ground Forces dated August 25, 1957, 5 separate special purpose battalions were formed, submitted to the commander of military districts and groups of troops. The formation of battalions was facing the base and personal composition 8 of the special purpose.

In accordance with the Directive of the head of the General Staff No. OSH / 1/144878 of August 9, 1957, were formed:
26th Prosp(V / h P / C 24584, a group of Soviet troops in Germany, Weber-Hafer), formed on the basis of the 66th and 67th ORSPN, the number 04/26 battalion was 485 people., Commander: Lieutenant Colonel R.P. Mosolov;
27th Prossp(H / h P / P 42551, Northern Troops group, G. Stzheg, then - the city of Legnica), formed on the basis of the 92nd ODSP, the number 04/25 battalion was 376 people., Commander: Lieutenant Colonel M. P. Pashkov;
36th Prosp (V / h 32104, Carpathian in, Drohobych Lviv region), formed on the basis of the 81st and 82nd ORSPN, the number 04/25 battalion was 376 people., Commander: Lieutenant Colonel Shapovalov;
43rd Prosp (in / h 32105, Transcaucasian at, Mnglisi, then - G. Lagoduekhi Georgian SSR), formed on the basis of the 85th and 86th ODSP, the number of battalion on state 04/25 was 376 people., Commander: Lieutenant Colonel I.I. Geevera;
61st Prosp (V / h 32110, Tourkestan in, G. Kazanzhik, then - Samarkand Uzbek SSR), formed on the basis of the 91st ODSP, the number 04/24 battalion was 253 people., Commander: Lieutenant Colonel of Tormers.

Three companies were saved separately, while they were transferred to New State No. 04/23, the number of companies was 123 people:
75th ORSPN (V / h P / P 61272, South Group of Forces, Nyireyhaze);
77th ORSPN (in / h 71108, Baltic at, Kaliningrad);
78th ORSPN (V / h 61290, Odessa in, Simferopol).

The individual special purpose battalion included three special purpose companies, a platoon of special combustion, educational platoon, the platoon of logistics.

A separate special purpose company included management, two reconnaissance platforms, a training platoon, a platoon of communication, automotive and economic branch. Total 112 people, incl. 9 officers and 9 super-volitional, 6 cars (1 GAZ-69, 1 GAZ-51, 4 GAZ-63), 1 R-118 radio station on the basis of ZIL-157. AKS-47, PD-47 parachutes, then D-1 and D-1-8 were in service.

Separate battalions and special purpose companies were placed in the border districts and groups of troops and were subordinate to the commander of the districts and groups. Combat preparation of newly formed parts began on December 1, 1957.

To prepare officers of the special forces Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov Directive NGS No. 1546 dated August 9, 1957 ordered to form the second airborne school (besides Ryazan) to January 15, 1958 (in addition to Ryazan) and deploy it in Tambov. As you know, this attempt served as a reason for the removal of Marshal from office, and the school was not created.

The second wave of the formation of special-purpose parts fell in 1961. In order to strengthen the special intelligence of districts, in addition to the existing parts, directives of the General Staff No. 2/61588 dated August 21, 1961 and No. OSH / 2/47491 of August 26, 1961 . By October 1, 1961, another 8 separate specials of special purpose were formed:
791th ORSPN (in / h 71603, Siberian in, Berdsk);
793th ORSPN (in / h 55511, Moscow in, Voronezh);
799th ORSPN (V / h 55577, North Caucasian VO, Novocherkassk Rostov region);
806th ORSPN (in / h 64656, Zabaykalsky VS, Ulan Bator, Mongolia);
808th ORSPN (in / h 71606, Volga in, Kuibyshev);
820th ORSPN (in / h 55576, Kiev in, Chernigov);
822th ORSPN (in / h 74973, Ural in, Sverdlovsk);
827th ORSPN (V / h 55505, Far Eastern Way, Belogorsk).

Thus, by the end of 1961, the GRU special forces consisted of 5 separate battalions and 11 separate mouths, as part of which 2,870 people were listed on staff.

The reason for the creation of special purpose units in the Armed Forces of the USSR was the emergence of the probable enemy of mobile means of a nuclear attack of operational and tactical and tactical purposes. Special Forces thought as a means to detect the means of his nuclear attack in the rear of the opponent and with the ability to destroy him on his own.

In addition to the destruction of nuclear attacks, other tasks facing special forces in the first years of its existence were: conducting intelligence of focusing troops and enemy objects in his deep rear; Conducting diversions on the objects of the rear and communications of the enemy, the creation of panic and disorganization of the work of the rear; Organization and management of national liberation movement; Destruction of prominent military and political figures enemy. However, the last task was subsequently removed from the steering documents.

In accordance with the Directive of the Minister of Armed Forces of the USSR Marshal Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky No. Org / 2/395832 dated October 24, 1950, with the general and mechanized armies, as well as for military districts that did not have army associations, separate special types of special purpose are created. In pursuance of this directive in 1950 - 1953, according to state 04/20, 46 special purpose companies were formed (41 Army and 5 front-line in the border military districts of the Western Direction - the Baltic, Leningrad, Belarusian, Carpathian and Odessa):
66th ORSPN(in / h P / p 71060, group of Soviet occupation troops in Germany, 3rd impact army, Guzen);
67th ORSPN (military unit 61249, a group of Soviet occupying troops in Germany, 8th Guards Army, Galle);
68th ORSPN(n / h P / P 51198, group of Soviet occupation forces in Germany, 1st Guards mechanized army);
69th ORSPN (military unit 71063, group of Soviet occupying troops in Germany, 2nd Guards mechanized army, Alt-Schretz), Commander: Captain F.I. Gldas;
70th ORSPN (n / h P / P 61253, group of Soviet occupation troops in Germany, 3rd Guards mechanized army);
71st ORSPN (military unit 51200, group of Soviet occupying troops in Germany, 4th Guards mechanized army);
72nd ORSPN (in / h P / p 71097, central group of troops);
73rd ORSPN(military unit 61256, northern group of troops);
74th ORSPN (in / h 71104, Ural, separate mechanized army, pos. Aramil Sverdlovsk region, RSFSR);
75th ORSPN (in / h 61272, Belomorsky in, pos. Nurmala Olonetsky district, Karelian-Finnish ASSR);
76th ORSPN (in / h 51404, Leningradski in, pos. Medica of the Pskov region, RSFSR);
77th ORSPN (in / h 71108, Baltic in, 11th Guards Army, Kaliningrad, RSFSR), Commander: Captain S. Tokmakov;
78th ORSPN (in / h 61290, Belarusian Military District, 28th Army, Grodno, BSSR);
79th ORSPN (in / h 51407, Belarusian in, 5th Guards mechanized army);
80th ORSPN (in / h 71109, Belarusian in, 7th mechanized army);
81st ORSPN (in / h 61321, Carpathian in, 13th Army, Lutsk Volyn region, Ussr);
82nd ORSPN (in / h 71116, Carpathian in, 38th Army, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Ussr);
83rd ORSPN (in / h 61338, Carpathian in, 8th mechanized army, Zhytomyr, Ussr);
84th ORSPN (in / h 51410, Odessa VO);
85th ORSPN (in / h 71126, Transcaucasian in, 4th Army, Baku, Azerbaijan SSR);
86th ORSPN (in / h 61428, Transcaucasian at, 7th Guards Army, Yerevan, Armenian SSR);
87th ORSPN (V / h 51462, Turkestan C);
88th ORSPN (in / h 51422, Far Eastern in, 37th Guards Airborne Case);
89th ORSPN (in / h 71127, Far Eastern in, 1st separate red-known army);
90th ORSPN (in / h 61432, Zabaykalsky in, 6th Guards mechanized army);
91th ORSPN (in / h 51423, Primorsky in, 5th Army, pos. Talova), Commander: Major Rusinov;
92nd ORSPN (in / h 51447, Primorsky in, 25th Army, Art. Fighter Kuznetsov Budennovsky district of Primorsky Krai), Commander: Major S.I. Dubovtsev;
93rd ORSPN (military unit 71138, Primorsky in, 39th Army, Port Arthur, China);
94th ORSPN (V / h 61442, Far Eastern in, 14th Army);
95th ORSPN (in / h 61508, separate airborne army, 8th Guards Airborne Case);
96th ORSPN(in / h 71200, separate airborne army, 15th Guards Airborne Terminal);
97th ORSPN (H / h 71143, separate airborne army, 38th Guards Airborne Case);
98th ORSPN (in / h 61453, separate airborne army, 39th Guards Airborne Case);
99th ORSPN (in / h 51413, Arkhangelsk in, Arkhangelsk, RSFSR);
100th ORSPN (H / h 71145, Kiev in, 1st Guards Army, Nizhin Chernigov region, Ussr), Commander: Captain P.A. Malyakshin;
195th ORSPN (in / h 61503, Moscow VO);
196th ORSPN (V / h 51425, Volga C);
197th ORSPN (in / h 51506, Urals);
198th ORSPN (in / h 71147, South Urals);
199th ORSPN (V / h 61504, East Siberian C);
200th ORSPN (V / h 51428, West Siberian C);
226th ORSPN (in / h 51511, North Caucasian VO);
227th ORSPN (V / h 71185, Donskoy V. Novocherkassk Rostov region, RSFSR), Commander: Captain A.A. Snegolev;
228th ORSPN (in / h 61507, TAURIAL WITH);
229th ORSPN (V / h 51440, Gorky VO);
230th ORSPN (V / h 71187, Voronezh VO).

Organizationally, the special purpose company included three platforms of special purpose, educational platoon and a platoon with a group of telephone and radio equipment. The staffing number of personnel on staff No. 04/20 of a special special purpose company (in troops, for considerations of secrecy, they were called simply intelligent companies) amounted to 112 people, including 9 officers, 10 sergeants and elders of the superior service (ensigns in the Soviet Army then There was still no) and 93 sergeants and urgent service soldiers.

The formation of individual mouths passed both from "zero" and on the basis of already existing intelligence units. For example, the 76th separate company of the special purpose of the Leningrad Military District was formed on the basis of the educational intelligence and divergence platoon of the 237th Guards Parachute Regiment of the 76th Guards Airborne Division (Leningrad Military District, Pskov), and 69- I am a separate company special purpose of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army - on the basis of a separate intelligence battalion 9th Guards tank Division. Responsibility for the formation and preparation of special purpose units was entrusted with reconnaissance management of the headquarters of the respective military districts.

In training personnel, the main attention was paid to intelligence, sabotage, airborne preparation and mineral and subversive work using special means.

The general guidance of special purpose parts was assigned to a specially created direction at the 2nd Department of 3rd Management (Military Intelligence) of the 2nd Main Department (GRU) of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. He headed his colonel P.I. Stepanov.

"... in the despotic states of the government
create two armies: one to combat their
enemies, and the other in order to keep in
obedience own people. "
J. Fuller,
british military historian

"In the USSR there were no police special forces -
democracy was not developed ... "
V. Vlasenko,
colonel, veteran of internal troops

Donetsk special forces - fighters of the 23rd separate special purpose battalion NSU, 1998

In the late 1970s. In the USSR, new, until those unknown, types of crimes are distributed: seizure of aircraft terrorists, seizure of hostages in corrective labor institutions, etc. For actions in such extreme situations, specially prepared groups of military personnel, ready for skillful, decisive and rapid actions for the neutralization of dangerous criminals were required. It was very relevant and in connection with the upcoming holding of the Summer Olympic Games in 1980.

The first test of the creation of such a unit in the Ministry of Internal Affairs refers to 1973, then, in the framework of a special operation on the release of hostages captured at the airport of Bykovo, Moscow region, a consolidated operational argument (owl) was formed. However, upon completion of the operation, it was dissolved.

But special forces was needed. As a result, in accordance with the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR dated December 29, 1977 on the basis of the 9th (sports) company of the 3rd battalion of the 2nd motorized rifle regiment. Sixtieth anniversary of the WLKSM (V / h 3186), which was part of the famous individual motorized rifle orders of Lenin and October revolution The red-known division of the special purpose of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. F.E. Dzerzhinsky (V / h 3111, Reutovo Moscow region), a special purpose training company (USPN) was formed. This unit, which subsequently became a special purpose squad "Vityaz", was primarily intended, first of all, to develop and apply curriculum programs for units of special purpose of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The first special unit has proven itself quite successfully, and in the management of combat training of the GWVV, it was decided to further develop special forces. By order of the head of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR of April 10, 1979 for action in critical situations in motorized rifle and special motorized parts, special-purpose training units were created. They studied on a common program of combat and political training, when conducting physical training, focused on the study of hand-to-hand combat techniques that were needed to detention for particularly dangerous criminals.

In Donetsk, USPN was formed in 1990 as part of the 50th separate motorized rifle regiment of the operational appointment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (V / h 3395).

Lovers military history It is known that the history of the Soviet Armed Forces pays a lot of secrets and mysteries. The mystery is both the origin (if so can be expressed) the 50th motorized rifle shelf.

The fact is that this part was like two stories: real and mythological, so to speak legendary. Moreover, the raisher (or as if said the "chip") is that the mythological history has become the official part of the part, and the real turned out to be safely forgotten.

According to the official (i.e., the mythological) version, this military unit was created in 1926. To protect the Western border of the USSR in Sebezh, as the 11th Seber's border squad of OGPU. Then the 11th border project was part of the Troops of the NKVD of the Leningrad District and was stationed in the village. Red Leningrad region. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 001419 of September 25, 1941, the border guard was reformed in the 11th border regiment. In the period 1941 - 1945 The part performed combat missions for the protection of the rear of the Northern, North-Western, Volkhovsky, the 2nd Baltic and 1st Ukrainian fronts, and then began to protect the rear of the Soviet occupying troops in Germany (GSSG). In May 1946, part began to be called the 11th Rifle Police of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

On the other (this, but forgotten) version, the 11th rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was formed by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 0012 dated January 12, 1949. In Karl-Marx Stadt (Germany) for the protection of objects of mining and enrichment of uranium ore . And nothing in except for the number, with the 11th border regiment he did not have.

It is no longer possible to establish which of the deputies (namely they most often engaged in the history of military units) attributed the shelf with a heroic military past. But such a "past" liked everyone and successfully stuck.

By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 004 dated January 21, 1957, in connection with the disbandment of the management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Germany, the 11th Rifle Regiment was led to the territory of the USSR and was posted in Stalino (from 1961 - Donetsk).

Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 0507 of August 22, 1957, the 11th Rifle Regiment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was reformed in the 67th separate motorized rifle division of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (V / h 3395).

By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 0055 of November 28, 1968, the 67th division was transformed into the 510th separate motorized rifle battalion of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (V / h 3395).

In the late 1980s - early 1990s. Parts of the internal troops took an active part in the establishment of legality and order during numerous interethnic conflicts in the territory of the USSR. But they were hard to cope with service stress. The command of the internal troops, conducting analytical calculations, concluded that it was necessary to increase the organizational number of prompt divisions.

As a result, by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 03 of January 18, 1990, the 510th battalion was deployed in the 50th separate motorized rifle regiment of the operational appointment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (W / h 3395).

And immediately the military personnel of the newly created regiment was able to take part in the termination of the Armenian-Azerbaijani armed conflict in the city of Nakhichevan, having committed three official business trips to the confrontation zone: in the spring and summer of 1990 and in spring 1991

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSSR No. 1465-XII dated August 30, 1991, "On submission to Ukraine internal troops, which are divided into its territory" of the part and the division of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, deployed in the territory of the republic, passed under the jurisdiction of Ukraine.

On November 4, 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine No. 1774-XII "On the National Guard of Ukraine". According to the Law, the functions of protecting the constitutionality and inviolability of Ukraine, participation in the elimination of the consequences of accidents and natural Disasters, protection of borders, especially important state objects, embassies and consulates of foreign states, public order.

By order of the Commander of the NSU No. 02 of January 2, 1992, on the basis of the 50th separate motorized rifle regiment of the operational appointment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (in / h 3395), the 11th regiment of NSU was formed (in / h 4111). At the same time, the Rota company special forces was deployed to a special purpose battalion.

Hanging stripes of the special purpose battalion of the 11th regiment of the NSU, 1992 - 1998.

In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 158 "On measures to protect the state border of Ukraine with the Republic of Moldova" dated March 17, 1992, the servicemen of the special purpose battalion, the regiment participated in the protection of the Ukrainian border in the Zone of the Transnistrian Armed Conflict.

In 1995, the management and part of the regiment moved from the street. Oil on ul. Kuprin, in the barracks of the former Donetsk senior military-political school engineering troops And communication troops them. General Army A.A. Epishev. In 1996, a special purpose battalion (C / h 4111 "C") was part of the 11th shelf of NSU. Oil, 2 motorized rifle battalions (2 companies in each), a division of fire support, an anti-aircraft division (armed with installations of PSU-23-2), a rob of combat, financial maintenance company, repair company, communication company. Combat vehicles The regimental divisions were very diverse and was the armored personnel carriers of the three types of BTR-60PB, BTR-70 and BTR-80.

"Showing" - demonstration performances of special forces

In 1995 - 1996 within further improvement The organizational-staff structure of the NSU, which suffered significant "losses" in the transfer of part of its divisions to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, as part of the guard were created separate units of special purpose. The first part of the 17th separate special purpose battalion of the NSU "White Panther" (in / h 2215), formed on April 4, 1995, on the basis of a special purpose battalion of the 1st shelf of NSU (in / h 4101, Kiev) in from. New Petrovtsy Vyshgorodsky district of the Kiev region. And the second was the 23rd separate special-purpose battalion of NSU "Thunder" (in / h 2243), formed on December 26, 1996 on the basis of the special purpose battalion of the 11th shelf of NSU (in / h 4111, Donetsk).

Sleeping stripe and a special emblem on the headdress (takes) the 23rd separate special purpose battalion of the NSU

Two years later, during the next reform in the guard, by order of the KNU No. 365 dated December 26, 1998, the 11th regiment of the NSU was transformed into the 26th Brigade of the Special Forces of the NSU (in / h 4111).

In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 1586/99 "On the transfer of divisions of the National Guard of Ukraine to the composition of other military formations" of December 17, 1999 and the Law of Ukraine No. 1363-XIV "On Disbanding the National Guard of Ukraine" of January 11, 2000, Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine No. 37 "On the adoption of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine compounds, military units, institutions, institutions of the National Guard of Ukraine and their subordination" of January 19, 2000. The 26th Brigade and the 23rd Separate Battalion of NSU Special Forces entered VV MVD of Ukraine.

After some time, the 26th team was reorganized in the 44th regiment of the operational appointment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (V / h 4111), and the 23rd separate battalion entered its composition, becoming a linear battalion of the shelf specials.

Subsequently, the 44th regiment was reformed in the 34th separate battalion for the operational appointment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (V / h 4111), which disbanded November 20, 2004. His personal composition as a linear battalion of operational appointment was considered to be the 17th special motorized Police police officer of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (V / h 3037).

But this sad story of the "death" of the Donetsk part of the special purpose did not cost without curvage. Now the deputies are already (that is, deputies educational work) The 17th Motorized Police Regiment "was privatized" the legendary version of the formation of the 50th separate motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and remove a new pedigree from the 11th border regiment of the NKVD Times of the Great Patriotic War, simply on the basis of the fact that the linear battalion of the regiment -to belonged to the glorious cohort of special forces of internal troops.

Former commander of the 23rd battalion of special purpose NSU A.S. Nadashchi

And, finally, a few words are about one little-known division of Donetsk special forces. By order of the commander of the National Guard of Ukraine No. 85 dated April 15, 1998, as part of the 4th division of the NSU (in / h 2240, Donetsk), a separate intelligence company of special purpose was formed (in / h 2240 "P"). The personal composition of the company numbered 7 officers, 1 ensign, 12 contract soldiers and 52 soldiers and sergeants of the urgent service. In the mouth was taken away athletes and strong guys from special forces throughout the division. At the aerodrome of OSOS (Society for the Promotion of Defense of Ukraine, former DOSAAF) near Mospino for military personnel, the company was organized airborne preparation with parachute jumps, after which the reconnaissance was awarded blue berets. In 1999, the company was renamed a separate intelligence division of a special purpose and anti-terror. After the transfer of NSU divisions to the Interior Ministry of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, its tradition inherits the company of exploration of the special purpose of the 17th Special Motorized Police Shelf (V / h 3037), the truth was already completely completely from the contractors, and parachute jumps were performed at the OSO airfield under the city of Volnowakha At your expense ...

Separate reconnaissance of the 4th division of the NSU, Mospino, 1998

URSN (Training company special purpose) - The first division of special purpose in the internal army of the Soviet Union.

According to Ursn, I was the 9th Rota of the 3rd motorized rifle battalion of the 2nd motorized rifle shelf of a separate motorized rifle division of special purpose of the USSR MTD. F. E. Dzerzhinsky (CMD).

In the 70s and 80s, in the military of the Moscow garrison and among the employees of the Moscow police officers, Moscow is more known as the "Nine Rota" - special forces of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

History

For the first time, the creation of special purpose divisions first arose in preparation for the 1980 Olympics, which was supposed to be held in Moscow. All in memory was alive in the memory of a police operation for the liberation of hostages in Munich, when the entire Israeli national team was killed, taken by terrorists hostage.

The structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at that time did not have a regular unit that could solve the tasks for the release of hostages, detention or eliminating armed groups with high training. True, in 1973, the owl was formed to solve special tasks (a consolidated operational military unit). He participated in the operation on the release of hostages, which were held the terrorists in the captured plane at the airport bykovo. However, this formation was created temporarily, urgently, under a specific task. In the detachment for the time of completion of the task gathered servicemen different parts, as well as employees of various services. Accordingly, coherence, interaction and professionalism in such a division of chrome.

Given all of the above, on December 29, 1977, a special purpose training company was created (URSN). The first company commander was Captain V. A. Maltsev (in 2002, Major General, Deputy Head of the Operational Department of the Chief Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), and Lieutenant Sergey Lysyuk, the future commander of Vityaz, Hero of Russia. The choice on the 9th Road fell not by chance. In terms of the level of advocacy training of the fighters, it certainly exceeded the rest of the units not only the 2nd regiment, but also the Division. Rota, was a sports unit that served the base, reserve for the Dynamo society, was completed exclusively by recruits who at the time of calling a sports discharge at least a candidate for masters of sports for athletics, gymnastics, boxing, struggle (sambo, judo), bullery shooting and other sports disciplines.

There were three platforms in the company, twenty people in each: 1st - construction, 2nd - to prepare for action in the gym and to demonstrate the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Boxers, fighters, acrobats, gymnasts, etc. were selected for the platoon, etc. The 3rd platoon was also sporty, but was focused on handling a weapon. He was preparing like fire. Armament was regular. But in the 3rd platoon, there were additionally two ACM machines with PBS.

It was in this division that for the first time in the Soviet Union as a shaped headdress was taken by the crap takes. By the spring of 1978, by order of Deputy Commander of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Lieutenant General Sidorov from Gorky was brought 50 taverns. 25 green and 25 crap. The form was usual. Only the 2nd platoon was dressed in a form for hot climates. It was different from the usual what the pants are straight cut with clasps on ankles and shoes. This form was considered the highest chic. Later, the right to carry the specified headdress was provided only to the fighters reached a certain level of combat and physical training. To this end, the applicant was supposed to undergo testing. URSN is the first division of special purpose in the internal troops of the Soviet Union. It was in this company that the traditions of special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs originated. It was this company that served as the foundation for creating all parts of the Special Forces of the USSR in the future and in the consequences of Russia. It is on the basis of the UBCN, after reforming the company to the battalion, the first Vityaz division was formed. In fact, URSN is the founder of the special forces of explosives.

At the first stage, a program was created in which actions were envisaged on various abnormal situations on Olympic Games, namely, when capturing hostages in ground transport, on the plane. The materials of the program were based on the experience and developments of special units of the KGB, airborne troops, foreign anti-terrorist units.

Intensive classes made it possible to prepare the company to the Olympiad to fulfill the tasks with high quality. Rota at that time often trained together with the group A KGB of the USSR (alpha) created at the time. Oil Fighters exceeded Alpha physical trainingBut "Alfovtsy" was better in fire. It should be reminded that officers were served in Alfa, and in URSN - "conscripts."

URSN, or, as she was also called, 9 Rota was the legend not only Dzerzhinsky division, but also internal troops in general.

Participation in combat operations

• Operation on the release of hostages held by armed criminals in one of the schools under Izhevsky in the summer of 1981. None of the hostages suffered.

• Suppression of mass riots on the soil of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict in Ordzhonikidze October 21, 1981, detention of instigators.

• Protection of investigators of the Prosecutor General's Office, "Uzbek Delo" in 1984.

• On September 20, 1986, together with the group "A" of the KGB of the USSR, participation in the operation on the detention of armed criminals who killed several policemen and the release of the aircraft captured by them in the city.

• February 1988 - the prevention of Armenian pogroms in Sumgait Azerbaijan SSR, detention organizers of unrest, active participants.

• On July 4, the operation on unblocking the runway and the aircraft pilot point of the airport of Zvartnots in the city of Overwards, captured by extremists in order to prevent the arrival of aircraft of military transport aviation with the CMDD units. The airport is unlocked without bloodshed, which made it possible to safely land with aircraft and turn back to the arrived units in time.

• September 1988 - the protection of the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Armenia, the highest officials of the ministry.

• The second half of 1988 is specially equipment to curb the activities of illegal bandforms in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and Baku.

• In 1989, the conflict between Uzbek extremists and Meskhetian Turks broke out in the Fergana Valley. As a result of the skillful actions, the soldiers and company officers were saved by the lives of hundreds of people of different nationalities, many crimes were prevented, a large number of weapons were seized, instigators of riots were seized, bandoffs who were preparing terrorist attacks in relation to civilians.

• In 1990, a group of prisoners sentenced to the death penalty was in the hostage of the IVS officers who were sentenced to the death penalty, after which they opened cameras with arrested, seized the weapon previously seized in the insulator previously seized by the population and demanded transport. Operation on the release of hostages was carried out jointly by employees of the Special Forces of the KGB of the USSR "Alpha" and the fighters of the URSN. As a result of the operation, the organizers of the rebellion were destroyed, no one of the hostages were injured. An alpha employee and one fighter of URSN were injured.

Fergana events pushed the guidance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to an increase in the organizational and staff structure of the BB special forces division. In 1989, URSN was reorganized into battalion (UBSN), on the basis of which 5.05.1991 began formation special division "Vityaz". In the future, other special forces units were created in the internal troops, but the day of the creation of URSN can rightly consider the birthday of everything military special forces Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Notes

Sources

• On June 19, solemn events dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the formation of a separate division of the operational appointment of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

The Ministry of Defense decided to return special purpose communion. Scouts will work in the enemy rear, and then report the coordinates of the goals for rocket complexes Iskander and high-precision systems volley fire "Hurricane". Moreover, each army of the Russian Army will have its own company.

Similar tasks were from Soviet special forces during wars in Afghanistan and Chechnya - intelligence officers coordinated the fire of artillery and the Air Force and brought a huge benefit of the army.

In those days, separate special purpose companies operated (ORSPN). But after the end of the first Chechen war and the crisis of 1998, military reform followed - the combat parts began to reduce. And individual rots of special forces were no exception. Now, after 20 years, Russia decided to recreate elite combat units.

According to Izvestia, with reference to its source at the Headquarters of the Ground Forces, the first companies have already been formed in the overall armies of the Southern Military District. In the rest of the districts - still in the process. It is also known that the reconnaissance has allocated new armored cars "Tiger", Lynx "and" Typhoon ".

About the organization of the company is not yet reported - this information is kept secret. But it can be assumed that the unit is formed by the sample of a separate rot of special purpose of the Gear of the early 1990s.

ORSPN numbered 110-120 personnel and consisted of four reconnaissance plates. As well as platforms of ensuring and special communication. It could be included in the company and training unit, where they were preparing scouts or a whole branch of snipers. Specroids could have a different purpose.

Now we are talking about the formation of full-fledged depth intelligence mouth.

According to the military expert Vladislav Shurygin, this happens as part of the transition to high-precision weapons.

"In order to apply" hurricanes "or" Iskander ", you need to have accurate information. And mostly it is a tactical level. Spaces from space in this case are ineffective, as the goals are constantly moving," says Vladislav Shurygin. - For example, it can Being protected mobile command items, they need to reveal them in time and hit. "

Drone also can not always help intelligence. UAV learned to shoot down and disable funds radioelectronic struggleBut it's impossible to do it with a person. Intelligence companies will inform the coordinates of the goals not only to "Iskander" with "hurricanes", but also aviation.

Photo: Valery Matycin / Tass

In Syria, this work has long been engaged in the forces of special operations of the Russian Federation (CSO). Photos of the fighters of this unit flew around the whole world after the liberation of Palmyra. Then the CSO passed the KSO coordinates command Points and military equipment militants. Including tanks hidden in concrete hangars. Satellites and drones such goals simply will not detect.

"In the 90s of the last century, a rough mistake was admitted," recalls Vladislav Shurygin. "Gru, to preserve his staff, eliminated certain types of special purpose. And these were the worked teams of professionals."

Indeed, by the end of 1998, there were only two companies in vital directions: the 75th, in submission of the Kaliningrad defensive area, and the 584th, as part of the 205th motorized rifle brigade in Budennovsk, which actively participated in both Chechen campaigns.

But now, after almost 20 years, the special forces companies return to the Russian Armed Forces. And the range of tasks they have become much wider taking into account the fact that during this time rocket troops And artillery went ahead with seven-year steps. The same "Iskander" are able to beat 500 km, by efficiency replacing a whole group of bombers, - this means that the reconnaissance will have to go into the deep rear of the enemy to make a goal. Or modern "hurricane -1m", from which you can fire with 300-millimeter projectiles of the "Tornado" systems. Attacking the weapon of such destructive strength, you must have the most accurate coordinates. Therefore, the scouts are a big responsibility.