How the names of the monuments are written. Names of documents, monuments, subjects and works of art

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from the lower case letters of geographic names used in the nominal (transferred) sense, is determined by the tradition and is established in vocabulary.

The adjectives formed from geographic names are written from a capital letter, if they are part of the component names - geographical and administratively territorial, individual names of people, the names of historical eras and events, institutions, architectural, etc. Monuments, military districts and fronts. In other cases, they are written from the lowercase letters. Wed, for example: nevsky Coast, Nevsky Naberezhnye and Alexander Nevsky, Nevsky Prospect, Nevskaya Battle; Don Cossacks and Dmitry Donskoy, Don Monastery; Moscow streets, quarters, Moscow lifestyles and Moscow region, Moscow railway station(In Petersburg) , Moscow State Conservatory; Kazan Attractions and Kazan Kremlin, Kazan University, Kazan Cathedral(in St. Petersburg, Moscow) ; North Caucasian Nature and North Caucasian Region, North Caucasian Military District; 1st Belorussian Front, Potsdam Conference, St. Petersburg Mint, Great Wall, Big Kremlin Palace.

They are written from the lower case the name of residents formed from geographical names, for example: petersburgers, New Yorks, Stavropol, Volzhan.

Astronomical names

In the names of the celestial bodies, constellations and galaxies from the capital letters are written all words other than generic items ( star, Comet, Constellation, Planet, Asteroid etc.) and literal signs of luminaries ( alpha, beta, gamma etc.), for example: Venus, Saturn, Alpha Mina Males, the star of Ertzgerzoga Carla, Capella, Milky Way, Constellation of Big Psu, Timing Andromeda, South Cross, Galaxy Large Magellanovo Cloud; Virgo, Aquarius, Sagittarius (constellations and signs of the zodiac); Sun, Earth, Moon. The names of localities on cosmic bodies are also written, for example: Swamp rot, rainbow bay, rainy, ocean storms (on the moon) where words swamp, bay etc. Used not in its usual value.

Names of historical eras and events, calendar periods and holidays, public events

In the names of historical eras and events, calendar periods and holidays from a capital letter, the first word is written (which may be the only one), for example: Middle Ages, Cross Hiking, Petrovskaya Epoch, Renaissance (also early rebirth, high revival), Renaissance, Predamentansans, Reformation, Quatrocherto, Time (in Russia in the XVII century), Barfolomevskaya night, Borodino battle, Kulikovskaya battle, Seven-year war, First world War, The Second World War, Civil War (in Russia 1918-1921); July monarchy, the second empire, the third republic (in the history of France), Paris commune, War for independence (in North America), December 1905 armed uprising, February 1917 Revolution (February), October Revolution (October), Jacceria, Copper Riot, New Year, May Day, International Women's Day, Independence Day, Teacher's Day, Days of Slavic writing and culture.

The names of political, cultural, sports and other events that have national or international importance, for example, are written. World Economic Forum, Marsh of the World, World Youth Festival and Students, Olympic Games, Football Cup, Davis Cup, Goodwill Cup, White Olympiad.

The names of other regularly held events are written from the lowercase letters, for example: Day meeting graduates, donor day, open day, Saturday, Sunday.

Names associated with religion

The writing of the names associated with religion is subject to the general rules, but traditional ways of representing certain groups of names that have developed in church of religious and religious philosophical texts are taken into account.

From the capital letter it is recommended to write the word God As the name of a single supreme being (in monotheistic religions). From the capital letters are written by the names of God in different religions, for example: Jehovah, Savaof, Yahweh, Jesus Christ, Allah, Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu; The names of the pagan gods, for example: Perun, Zeus, Moloch, Osiris, RA, Astarta, Aurora, Vakh, Dionysis. Also they are written their own names of the founders of religions, for example: Buddha, Mohammed (Mohammed, Magomet), Zarathushtra (Zarathustra); Apostles, prophets, saints, eg: John Forerunner, John Baptist, John theologian, Nikolay Miracle (but: Nikolay Radio), George Victorious.

From the capital letter it is recommended to write: word Trinity(Trice God in Christians; also The Holy Trinity), the names of God's Holy Trinity ( God Father, God Son, God Holy Spirit) And the word Virgin; All words used instead of words God(eg: Lord, Creator, Most High, Almighty, Creator, Savior, Godhead) I. Virgin(eg: Queen Heavenly, Most Virgin, Mother of God); Adjectives formed from words God, Lord, eg: the grace of God, the Lord (Lord) will, the temple of God, Divine Trinity, Divine Liturgy (But in a figurative value - the lower case letter, for example: divine 'delightful'; The same in such sustainable combinations as god's dandelion, ladybug).

The words of the apostle, the prophet, saint, reverend, martyr, bliss, etc. own name They are written from the lowercase letters, for example: a postul Paul, Rev. Sergius Radonezh, Martyr Irina, Saint Vasily Great, Blessed Ksenia Petersburg,but: Most Holy Virgin, Most Holy Trinity.

From a capital letter it is recommended to write words that denote the most important concepts for the Christian tradition and used in the value of their own names, for example: Word(At the beginning was the word), Sky and Heaven, Cross Lord, Scary Court, Holy Gifts, Saints Secrets (join the saints secrets - about communion), Holy Spirit (but: holy Spirit - 'It is not known how ").

From the capital lettering is written the first word and own names in the names of religious holidays, for example, in Christianity: Easter Christova, Christmas, Entrance of the Lord in Jerusalem (Palm Sunday), Ascension, Trinity (Pentecost), Epiphany(Epiphany), Creation, Annunciation, Transformation, Assumption, Exaltation, Pokrov, Condition of Head of John Forerunner, Ilyin Day, Forgiveness Sunday, Ecumenical Parent Saturday (and Parent Saturday); In other religions: Kurban Bayram, Ramazan (Ramadan), Navruz, Hanukkah, Shabbat and etc.

From the capital letters are written by posts and weeks (saddimits), as well as certain days relating to these periods, for example: Great post, Petrov Post, Easter (light) saddimians, passionate week, Fomina Week, Great Thursday, Clean Monday, Good Friday, Week of all saints, week about a terrible court, and the folk names of some days and periods associated with the church calendar, for example: Maslenitsa (oil week, cheese saddemic), shints, seed, apple saved.

In the names of denominations from the capital letter, the first word is written, for example: Russian Orthodox Church, Evangelical Lutheran Church, Ukrainian Grequocatolic Church, Armenian Apostolic Church. Roman Catholic Church.

From the capital letter, the first word is written in the names of the highest organs of the church power, for example: World Council of Churches, Universal Cathedral, Local Cathedral, Sacred Synod.

Capital letters are used in the full official names of the highest church officials, for example: Patriarch Moskovsky and All Russia, Patriarchal Patriarch, Ecumenical Constantinople Patriarch, Supreme Patriarch Catholicos of all Armenians, Catholicos Patriarch of All Georgia, as well as Pope Rimsky. However, in the unofficial texts of the names of these individuals (usually incomplete), they are written from the lowercase letters, for example: Blessing of Patriarch Alexy, acceptance of the Patriarch, the residence of Pope (or roman dad).

The names of other church ranks and posts are also written with a lowercase letter, for example: metropolitan Volokolamsky and Yuryevsky, Archbishop, Cardinal, Archimandrite, Bishop, Bishop, Hegumen, Deacon, Protodian.

In the names of monasteries, temples, icons are written from the capital letters all words other than generic names ( church, Temple, Cathedral, Laurel, Monastery, Seminary, Icon, Image) and servicewords, for example: Kazan Cathedral, Cathedral Parisian Mother of God, Cathedral of St. Peter, Kiev Pechersk Lavra, the Temple of the conception of the righteous Anna, the temple of all the saints, the Church of Christ the Savior, the Church of St. Dimitri Rostovsky, Church of Nikola in Klenniki, the icon of the Don God, the image of the Mother of God.

The names of the iconic books are written from the capital letter, for example: Bible, Sacred Scripture (Scripture), Gospel, Pentateuch, Old Testament, New Testament, Psaltry, Quran, Torah, Talmud, Vedas;the same in the names of monuments of writing, for example: Ostromiro Gospel, Ostrog Bible.

The names of church services and their parts are written from the lowercase letters, for example: liturgy, evening, morning, mass, procession, vigil, vague.

Names of the authorities, institutions, organizations, societies, parties

In the official composite names of the authorities, institutions, organizations, scientific, educational and spectacular institutions, societies, political parties and associations from a capital letter, the first word and the name of the names of their own, as well as the first word included in them the names of other institutions and organizations , eg:

World Council of Peace, International Monetary Fund, European Parliament, Organization for Safety and Cooperation in Europe, Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, State Duma, Moscow City Council, Legislative Assembly of the Rostov Region, State Council, General Staff, Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Federal Agency for Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism; State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics, Government of Moscow, Association of Russian Banks, Information Telegraph Agency of Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, Eurovision; State Tretyakov Gallery, State Academic Bolshoi Theater, Moscow Art Academic Theater, State Russian Museum (and unofficial names: Tretyakov Gallery, Big Theater, Art Theater, Russian Museum); Museum of the Arts of the Nations of the East, the State Public Historical Library, the Central House of the artist, theatrical school them. M. S. Shchepkin, Foundation of Social Political Studies, Information Analytical Center of the Federation of Fund stock exchanges of Russia, Center for Japanese and Pacific Studies IMEMO RAS, Institute of Russian Language. V. V. Vinogradova RAS, Financially Economic Institute. N. A. Voznesensky, Polish Sejm, US Supreme Court, Moscow Patriarchate, Middle Authority Plant, Central Universal Store(in Moscow) , International Olympic Committee, US Democratic Party, Communist Party RF, Union of Journalists of Russia, Palace of Wedding, Metropolitan Museum, President Hotel.

From the capital letter, the first (or the only one) word truncated name is written if it is used instead of full, for example: State Duma - Duma, State Literary Museum - Literary Museum, Central House of Artist - House of Artist, Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory - Big Road of the Conservatory, Moscow State Institute international relations - Institute of International Relations.

Titles of senior representative institutions foreign countries Usually written with a lowercase letter, for example: parliament, Lords Chamber, Chamber of Communities, Reichstag, Bundesrat, Sejm, Storting, Rixdag, Knesset, Congress (Senate and Chamber of Representatives) USA, Majlis. However, in such names as State Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Assembly, People's Chamber, Capital letter is used.

In the names consisting of generic names and the name, not combined with it, syntactically, the latter is quotes and they are written in it from the capital letter first (or only) word and own names, for example: G ostrinity "Russia", Exhibition "Gold Scythians", Sports Palace "Jubilee", Metallurgical Plant "Sickle and Hammer", Publishing House "Science", Chamber Orchestra "Virtuosos of Moscow", Consortium "Casalmazoloto", Party "People's Volia", political movement "Women of Russia", Confectionery Factory "Red October", Production Complex "Southern Machine-Building Plant", Casino "Arbat", Sports Communication "Dynamo", Sports Club "Strela", Cinema "Artistic", Transtenergomontazh, Petrovsky Passage Truck , Panasonic car concern, Panasonic, Trechgorn Manufactory, Russian Commodity Exchange Joint-Stock Company, UNITED FRUT COMPANY, INTERFAX AGENCY.

The names of institutions, educational institutions, etc., as well as departments and parts of institutions and organizations that are not their own names, are written from the lowercase letters, for example: bureau Exchange Exchange, Urban Communication Department, Frame Department, Accounting Sector, Housing Cooperative Board, District Council of People's Deputies, Presidency, Scientist Council, Art Council, Faculty of Journalism, Department of Foreign Languages; The same when adding specitizing numbers and words: School No. 266, School. Mayakovsky, Avtobazov № 9, Food store № 5, 12 I am division, collective farm. Kirov.

Names of documents, monuments, subjects and works of art

In the compound names of the most important documents and collections of documents, state laws, as well as architectural and other monuments, items and works of art, the first word and own names are written, for example:

Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Treaty, UN Charter, Decree on the World, General Declaration of Human Rights, Code of Labor Law, Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Fundamentals of Civil Law, State Convention on Refugees, Great Charter of Liberation, Ipatiev Chronicle, Red Book (List of Protected Animals and plants), the Guinness Book of Records; Sicastinskaya Capella, St. Isaac Cathedral, Big Kremlin Palace, Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery, Elagin Palace, Winter Palace, Great Wall, Triumphal Arch, Water Tower, Granovy Chamber, Bronze Horseman (Monument), Venus Milosian, Colossus Rhodes, Amber Room (in Tsarskoye Selo), Eiffel Tower, King Bell; The ninth Symphony of Beethoven, the second Ballad of Chopin, the first concert for the piano with the Tchaikovsky orchestra, Leningrad Symphony of Shostakovich, Moonlight Sonata Beethoven.

The names of literary and scientific works, works of art, documents, periodicals, etc. They are in quotes and they are written with the first (or only one) word and their own names. These include:

but) Names that do not combine syntactically with the generic name, for example: roman "Noble Nest", the story "Lady with a dog", the poem "Caucasian prisoner", Opera "Peak Lady", ballet "Sleeping Beauty", the film "Fly cranes", paintings "Burlaki on the Volga", "Girl lit by the Sun" , sculpture "Thinker", Symphony "Jupiter", Newspapers "Arguments and Facts", "Moscow News", "Evening Moscow", magazines "New World", "Russian speech", Collection "Syntax and Stylistics", the program "Partnership for the sake peace ";

b) Names including generic names, for example: "Roman without lies", "Optimistic tragedy", "Tale of a true man", "Literary newspaper", "Teacher's newspaper", newspaper "Newspaper", "Weekly Magazine".

If the name of the artwork consists of two names connected by the Union or, then the first word of the second name is also written from the capital letter, for example: "Twelfth night, or anything", "Irony of Fate, or with Light Steam."

Names of posts, titles, titles

Names of posts, titles, titles are written with a lowercase letter, for example: president, Chancellor, Chairman, Minister, Prime Minister, Deputy Minister, Mayor, Emperor, Queen, Khan, Sheikh, Secretary General, Honored Worker of Culture, Nobel Prize Laureate, Ambassador, Attache, Director, General Director, Academician, Doctor of Science, Professor , Member of the correspondent, General Major, Commander of the Troops, Head of the Department, Head of the Department, Managing Affairs.

In the official texts of the names of the highest state posts and titles are written from a capital letter, for example: President of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Duma, Prime Minister of India, Her Majesty of the Queen of England.However, in unofficial texts, these names are written from the lowercase letters, for example: presidential elections, speech by the Chairman of the State Duma, the order of the Prime Minister, the reception of the queen.

Names of orders, medals, awards, signs of differences

The names of the orders, medals, awards, the signs of differences that do not combine syntactically with the generic name are in quotes and they are written from the capital letter the first word and their own names, for example: the Order "Heroine Mother", the Order "For Merit to Fatherland", the medal "Veteran of Labor", the medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow", the sign "Marshall Star", the sign "Excellent of Folk Enlightenment", the Golden Mask Prize.

All other names of the awards and signs of distinction with quotes are not allocated, and the first word is written in them from the capital letter (except the words of the Order, medal) and their own names, for example: order of Friendship, the Order of the Patriotic War I degree, the Order of the Honorary Legion (France), the Order of Andrei First Called, the Order of St. George, Major Medal, St. George Cross; State Prize, Nobel Prize.

Titles of trademarks, brands of products and varieties

The names of the species and varieties of crops, vegetables, colors, etc. - terms of agronomy and gardening - are allocated with quotes and are written from the lowercase letters, for example: wheat "Crimea", the strawberry "Victoria", Malina "Malboro", Tulip "Black Prince", Plum "Nikolskaya".

Commercial names of food, perfume, etc. Goods, tobacco products, vintage wines and other beverages are in quotes and are written from a capital letter, for example: cheese "Russian", Sausage "Doctoral", Candy "Chamomile", Jubilee Cake, Chocolate "Inspiration", "Children's" soap, Malboro Cigarettes, Wine "Solar Valley", "Bull Blood", "Monastery Izba" , Portwine "Igezhat", Drink "Fantasy".

The names of industrial brands of technical products (machines, devices, etc.) are in quotes and are written from the capital letter, for example: a moskvich 412, Volga, Volvo, "Zhiguli", "Toyota", Mercedes Benz, Boeing 707 airplanes, Ruslan, washing machine "Eureka", Biryusy refrigerators, Minsk ", VCR" Panasonic ".However, the names of these products themselves (except for the names that coincide with their own names - personal and geographical) are written in quotes from the lowercase letters, for example: "Moskvich", "Toyota", "Volvo"(Cars) , "Boeing", "Phantom"(aircraft) , "Panasonic"(record player) ; But: "Volga", "Oka", "Tavria" (Cars) , "Ruslan" (plane) , "Minsk"(refrigerator); Exceptions: "Zhiguli", "Mercedes"(Cars).

Capital letters in special stylistic use

From the capital letters are written some names in the texts of official documents, messages, contracts, for example: High Contracting Parties, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador - in acts of international importance, in diplomatic documents; Author, publishing house - in the author's contract; President, Prime Minister, Emperor of Japan - in documents at meetings on summit.

From the capital letters are written pronoun You, yours As a form of expression of courtesy when contacting one particular person in letters, official documents, etc., for example: Congratulations to you ..., let you ...; In response to your request ...

The words are also written You and Yourin texts intended for repeated use, such as profiles, advertising, leaflets.
From the capital letters are written with the official title of both words in combination Your (His, Her) Majesty, Your (His, Her) Highness.

From the capital letters can be written some noun in contexts, where they are attributed to a special high meaning: Homeland, fatherland, stepback, freedom, good, honor, man, teacher, master etc.

Hello. Perhaps to say that the store is on the monument of glory, if the latter is a monument itself, as well as stop?

It is permissible only in a relaxed speech. In all other cases, you should talk and write the store is at the monument of glory or the store is located at the "Monument of Glory".

	Question number 292222.

Please indicate whether the punctuation marks are correctly placed in the sentence: America is such: while you are in the rays of glory, everyone loves you there everywhere you are invited.

Russian reference service response

Right: America -after all, it is: while you are in the rays of glory, everyone loves you there, you will be invited everywhere. Instead of dash, you can put a comma.

	Question number 287041.

Hello. Why in question № 269835 Do you recommend writing a museum of combat fame with lowercase letters? The museum is the first word in the title of the institution (Museum of the World Ocean, Museum of Art History). Thank you.

Russian reference service response

Combination museum of combat gloryit is written by the line as a generic name (not as the official name of the institution), for example: almost every school of our city has a museum of combat fame.

Hello! Tell me how to write correctly: Alley of Labor Glory, Alley of Labor Glory or Labor Fame Alley? Thanks in advance!

Russian reference service response

In the names of monuments, memorial structures, complexes from the capital letters are written the first word and subsequent words expressing high concepts. Therefore, right: Alley of Labor Glory.

	Question number 284222.

Hello! I ask the question for the third time. Do you need a comma in the next sentence: Guard Red Armenian 32 Rifle Taman Division (,?) My grandfather was awarded the Order of Glory III degree.

Russian reference service response

	Question number 284154.

Do you need a comma in the next sentence: Guard Red Armenian 32 Rifle Taman Division (,?) My grandfather was awarded the Order of Glory III degree.

Russian reference service response

	Question number 284134.

Answer, please, do you need a comma in the next sentence: Guard Red Armyman 32 Rifle Taman Division (,?) My grandfather was awarded the Order of Fame III degree.

Russian reference service response

The comma is necessary.

	Question number 282326.

Good day! Tell me, please, how to write

He has the Order of Labor Glory for the second and third degree or
Does he have the Order of Labor Glory for the second and third degrees?

Thank you.

Russian reference service response

Correctly: order of Labor Glory for the second and third degree.

	Question number 281390.

Hello, dear employees "Dipmets". _Odena of glory I and II degree_ or _Odena of Glory I degree and II degree_, or _Odena of glory I and II degrees_? (We are talking about two orders of different degrees). Thanks for your work.

Russian reference service response

Correctly: Order of Glory I and II degree.

	Question number 280917.

Hello, dear employees "Dipmets". _Alnaya Cavalier of the Order of Glory _ or _ Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory _. Thanks for your work.

Russian reference service response

Correctly: full Cavalier of Glory Orden.

	Question number 273990.

Good day,

When declining the word "shine", in the poetic form of a used soft sign, in the proposed case, the end will be "e" or "and"? Example sentences: in Siayani Your Glory, you can feel. Correct will be "in the Siagni" or "shiny"? If you repel from the full form of the word "radiance", then correctly "in the Siagni", since as is "in the radiance." Or am I wrong?

Russian reference service response

That's right in the proposed case: in shine and In Siagy.

	Question number 271929.

Dear gramota.ru! Help, please resolve contradictions. In our city in the Park Victory there is M (m) onument in (c) Oince with (glory) with eternal fire. The editors are always doubt and disputes about writing this monument. If you follow the rules of 2006 (the first word is written in the title of monuments from the capital letter) and your recommendations (Question No. 269835, Question No. 245195), then the Military Glory Monument. Is it so? The colleague claims that the writing should be the monument of military glory.

Russian reference service response

As your own name - Monument of military glory.

	Question number 269835

Tell me, please, where you need to write capital in phrases like:
Museum of combat fame, a monument of military glory?

Russian reference service response

These combinations are written with lower case letters.

	Question number 267077

How to write to write awarded the Order of the Patriotic War or the Order of the Patriotic War, similar to the Order of Glory or the Order of Glory

Russian reference service response

Right: awarded the Order of the Patriotic War; He was awarded the Order of Fame.

§ 193. The names of institutions, educational institutions, etc., as well as departments and parts of institutions and organizations that are not their own names, are written from the lowercase letters, for example: bureau Exchange Exchange, City Communication Department, Department of Personnel, Deputy Board, Board of Housing and Construction Cooperative, District Council of People's Deputies, Presidium, Scientist Council, Art Council, Faculty of Journalism, Department of Foreign Languages; The same when adding specitizing numbers and words: school number 266, school them. Mayakovsky, Avtobazov № 9, Food store number 5, 12th Division, collective farm. Kirov.

Names of documents, monuments, subjects and works of art

§ 194. In the compound names of the most important documents and collections of documents, state laws, as well as architectural and other monuments, subjects and works of art from a capital letter, the first word and own names are written, for example:

Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Treaty, UN Charter, Decree on the World, General Declaration of Human Rights, Code of Labor Law, Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Fundamentals of Civil Law, State Convention on Refugees, Great Charter of Wildness, Ipatiev Chronicle, Red Book (List of protected animals and plants), Guinness Book of Records; Sicstinskaya Capella, St. Isaac Cathedral, Big Kremlin Palace, Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery, Elagin Palace, Winter Palace, Great Wall, Triumphal Arch, Water Tower, Granovy Chamber, Copper Horseman (monument), Venus Milosian, Colossus Rhodes, Amber Room (in the royal village), Eiffel Tower, King Bell; Ninth Symphony of Beethoven, the second Ballad of Chopin, the first concert for piano with the Tchaikovsky orchestra, Leningrad Symphony of Shostakovich, Moon Sonata Beethoven.

Note 1. The initial generic name in such names of architectural and other monuments, works of art is written from the lowercase letters, eg: monument to Pushkin, a monument "Millennissession", House Pashkov, Portrait of Dostoevsky Work Perova, Polonaise Oghansky (but: Palace of Congresses, Palace of Nations).

Note 2. In such names of memorial structures and document collections, as Tomb of an unknown soldier, Wall of crying, Alley of Glory, Kurgan of immortality, memory book, from the capital letter the first word and subsequent words expressing high sacred concepts are written; But in a combination Eternal flame - Only the first word.

Note 3. In the names of architectural monuments with the first word - writing through a hyphen adjective from the geographical name, both components of the adjective, eg, are written from the capital letter. Santo Doming Cathedral (cf. Santo Domingo, city).

Note 4. On the writing of the names associated with religion, see § 186, 187.

Note 5. The names of art styles are written from the lowercase letters, eg: ampire, Baroque, Gothic, Rococo, Renaissance (cf. Renaissance In the meaning of the era, § 179).

§ 195. The names of literary and scientific works, works of art, documents, periodicals, etc. They are in quotes and they are written with the first (or only one) word and their own names. These include:

a) names that are not combined syntactically with the generic name, eg: roman "Noble Nest", the story "Lady with a dog", the poem "Caucasian prisoner", Opera "Peak Lady", ballet "Sleeping Beauty", the film "Fly cranes", paintings "Burlaki on the Volga", "Girl lit by the Sun" , sculpture "Thinker", Symphony "Jupiter", Newspapers "Arguments and Facts", "Moscow News", "Evening Moscow", magazines "New World", "Russian speech", Collection "Syntax and Stylistics", the program "Partnership for the sake Peace »;

b) titles, including generic names, eg: "Roman without lies", "Optimistic tragedy", "Tale of a true person", "Literary newspaper", "Teacherpan newspaper", "Newspaper" editions, "Weekly Magazine".

If the name of the artwork consists of two names connected by the Union or, the first word of the second name is also written from the capital letter, for example: "Twelfth night, or anything", "Irony of Fate, or with Light Steam".

Names of posts, titles, titles

§ 196. Names of posts, titles, titles are written from the lower case letters, eg: president, Chancellor, Chairman, Minister, Prime Minister, Deputy Minister, Mayor, Emperor, Queen, Khan, Sheikh, General Secretary, Honored Worker of Culture, Nobel Prize Winner, Ambassador, Attache, Director, General Director, Academician, Doctor of Science, Professor, Corresponding Member, Major General, Commander of Troops, Head of the Department, Head of the Department, Manager.

In the official texts of the names of the highest state posts and titles are written from the capital letter, for example: President of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Duma, Prime Minister of India, Her Majesty of the Queen of England (See also § 202). However, in unofficial texts, these names are written from the lowercase letters, for example: presidential elections, speech by the Chairman of the State Duma, the order of the Prime Minister, the reception of the queen.

Note 1. From the capital letter is written honorary title Hero of the Russian Federationas well as honorary titles of the former USSR: Hero Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor.

Note 2. On writing the names of church posts, see § 185.

Names of orders, medals, awards, signs of differences

§ 197. The names of the orders, medals, awards, the signs of differences that do not combine syntactically with the generic name are in quotes and they are written in the capital letter the first word and their own names, for example: order "Mother Heroine", Order "For Merit to Fatherland", MEDAL "Veteran Labor", Medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow", the sign "Marshal Star", the sign "Excellent of Folk Enlightenment", the Golden Mask Prize.

All other names of the awards and signs of distinction with quotes are not allocated and the first word is written in them from the capital letter (except for the word Order, medal) and own names, eg: order of Friendship, Order of Patriotic War I degree, Order of the Honorary Legion (France), order of Andrei First Called, the Order of St. George, Major Medal, St. George Cross; State Prize, Nobel Prize.

Note. In some names, the orders of the former USSR from the capital letters are written all the words other than the word order, For example: order of the Red Banner, Order of the October Revolution.

3.1. General rules

3.1.1. Appointment of capital letters

Capital (large, title) Letter is used: 1) to highlight the beginning of the sections of the text; 2) to highlight individual words, regardless of the structure of the text.

Word selection in the text is used to oppose their own and none names: nominal names are written with lowercase letters, own - with capital; Wed, eg: lion - Lev, Nevsky Beach - Alexander Nevsky, Red Cap - Red Cap (Fairy Character), Health - Health Magazine.

In addition, the capital letter may indicate the special stylistic use of the word: you (in letters, documents) when contacting one person; Writing from the capital letter of some words expressing high concepts, as well as related to certain stylistic varieties of text. The features of the use of capital letters are characterized by the names of sacred concepts in religion.

3.1.2. Types of own names

Among the words allocated to the capital letter differ: 1) the names of their own in the narrow sense of the word and 2) names.

Names in a narrow sense include names and nicknames of people and animal nicknames, geographical and astronomical names.

All words as part of their own names, except for official words and generic terms, are written from the capital letter, for example: Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, Vladimir Red Sunshikovko, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Polar Star, Eastern European Plain, Palace Square.

The names include the names of institutions, organizations, associations, historical eras and events, holidays, mass events, orders, architectural monuments, as well as the names of newspapers, magazines, awards, works of art, societies, enterprises, industrial products, and so on. If the name is own - the name consists of several words, then only the first word is written from the capital letter (except when the name includes other eigen names), for example: World Federation of Trade Unions, Museum of History and Reconstruction of Moscow, Petrovskaya Epoch, Kulikovskaya Battle, Moscow News newspaper, Roman "War and Peace", MEDAL "Veteran Labor", Perfume "Red Moscow".

3.1.3. Transition of own names in nominal

Names Own are often used for generalized designation of homogeneous objects, becoming nominated, while the capital letter in many cases is replaced by the line. So, are noneged with the names and are always written from the lower case of the name of objects, products (types of clothing, weapons, fabrics, beverages, etc.) formed from personal names, names of firms, geogr. titles ( makintosh, Colt, Winchester, Boston, Bordeaux, Khokhloma, Adidas), as well as the names of units of values \u200b\u200bformed from scientists' names ( ampere, Volt, Pascal, X-ray). It is much less likely to be written from the lower case of the name of people, summarized according to character traits and behaviors associated with one or another East. face, lit. or mythological character, which is determined by the tradition of consumption. So, words donokot, Donjun, Robinson, Dervortord, Judas, Petshenate, Hercules, Cerberused in the nucleation sense, written from the lowercase letp, and Oblomov, Manilan, Plushkin, Mitrofanushka, Apollo, Juvenal, Napoleon And many others retain the capital letter. The same applies to the generalized (portable) use of geogr. titles: so, from the lowercase letters are written sodom (full confusion, chaos), khodyanka (Massage of people in the crowd), kamchatka (rear rows in the hall, in class), but retain the capital letter in portable values Mecca, Vandy, Klondike, Hiroshima, Chernobyl and others. Use in the nominal meaning of similar names in the form of MN. h. Does not require the replacement of the capital letter to the line, eg: Ivanov who do not remember kinship; Gallop in Europe; We are all looking at Napoleon (Pushkin); Soviet balls.

3.1.4. Companion, Defisc, Separate Writing

Using personal names and geogr. titles associated with a fusion, dephysic and separate writing. The selection of writing and using a capital letter in these names depend on the value of the name (eg: Saltykov-Shchedrin - surname, Erich Maria - Name), and from the origin and writing words in the language language (eg: Charles de Bosier, Saint-Just, Pak Suner, Omar Ash-Sharif), and from the position at the beginning or in the middle of the name (eg: Las Vegas, Frankfurt am Main).

Below (see 3.2 - 3.31.) The rules for the use of capital and lowercase letters are considered in more detail in separate groups of titles.

3.2. Names, patronymic, surnames, pseudonyms, nicknames, nicknames

3.2.1. General rule

In the names, etc. Persons are written from the capital letters all the words included in them. For example: names, surnames, patronymic, pseudonyms: Maxim Gorky (Alexey Peshkov), Ferrenz Leaf, Adam Mitskevich, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Isaac Newton, William Shakespeare, Albert Einstein; nicknames, nickname: Catherine Great, Vsevolod is a large nest, Yuri Dolgoruky, Vladimir Red Sunshko, Richard Lion's Heart, Vladimir Monomakh, Alexander Nevsky, Peter First (Peter I), Elena Lovely, Henry Bowls, Caton Senior, Fedka Misching Mud.

Wed: Dumas Father, Duma-Son, Petrov-Sr. etc., where words father, Son, Senior etc. It did not switched to the discharge of nickname and are nominal.

From the capital letters are written their own names in MN. h. eg: two Natasha, a few Kuznetsov, the pearl brothers, merchants of Morozov, the spouses are thick.

3.2.2. Names that have lost their own and consumed in the sense of nominal

3.2.3. Own names in a plural in a contemptuous, derogatory value

hitlers, Quisling, Azeph, Newly Related Goebbels. Such writing is allowed as an expression-stylistic technique.

3.2.4. Individual names used as nominal, but not lost individual importance

We ... firmly confident that we have our Bayronov, Shakespearers, Schillers, Walter Scott (Belinsky). Cf. (Valid Writing): Surrounded by bubbles, wild and fecles, the freedom-loving character of Katerina was folded.

3.2.5. Names of units formed from facial names

They are written with a lowercase letter without quotes. For example: ampere, Pendant, Newton, Ohm, Pascal, X-ray. However, abbreviated designations of the same units are written from a capital letter. For example: A - Ampere, CL - Pendant, N - Newton, Om, Pa - Pascal.

3.2.6. The names of household items, etc., formed from the names of persons

They are written with a lowercase letter without quotes. For example: galife, Makintosh, Napoleon (cake), remington, sweatshirt, french.

3.2.7. Weapon names formed from facial names

They are written with a lowercase letter without quotes. For example: browning, Katyusha, Colt, Maxim, Nagan, Kalashnikov (Redemark: Kalashnikov Avtomat).

3.2.8. Russian double, triple surnames and pseudonyms

Each part of the double, triple surname or the pseudonym begins with a capital letter, a hyphen is placed between them. For example: Mamin-Sibiryak, Melnikov-Pechersky, Nemirovich-Danchenko, Novikov-surf, Obolensky-Telepnev, Roman Korsakov.

3.2.9. Nerussian double, triple surnames and pseudonyms

Each part of a double, triple surname or pseudonym is written from a capital letter, regardless of separate or dephysic writing them. For example: Garcia Lorca, Andersen-Nexo, Castro Rus, Sklodovskaya-Curie, Toulouse-Lotrek, Sholom Aleichem.

3.2.10. Non-terminal double, triple, etc. names

Such European, American, Australian names are written with a capital letter each, regardless of separate or dephysic writing them. For example: George Noel Gordon Bayron, John Desmond Bernal, Pierre Augusten Boualersche, Charles Robert Darwin, Henry Wozworth Longfello, John Stewart Mill, Antoine Francois Prevo, Catarina Susanna Pierce, Pierre Joseph Prudón, Franklin Delaware Roosevelt, Jean Jacques Russo, Jean Paul Sartre, Robert Lewis Stevenson, Percy Bish Shelly, Charles Spencer Chaplin, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Ernst Theodore Amadeus Hofman, Friedrich Wilhelm Josef Shelling, Torbern Ulaf Bergman, Bela Ivan Grune Vald, Pierre Paolo Pasolini, Niccolo Ugo Foscolo, Pedro Ortega Dias, José Raul Capa Bablanca, David Alfaro Sikeros, Hans Christian Andersen, Peter Powel Rubens, Bronislav Wojaci Linka, Mikhal Cleafas Ohinsky, Karel Yaromir Erben, Quint Tiltian, Mark Fabi Quintilian, Guy Julius Caesar, Mark Tully Cicero, Maria-Antoinetta.

Note. There are no uniformity with respect to separate or dephysic writing of foreign language names. In linguistic articles, arguments are provided in favor of the dephysic writing of all multicomponent names. Printing is either focused on separate writing of all names adopted in encyclopedias (for example, in the BSE, "the big encyclopedic dictionary"), or allows a defisal spelling of some. French names are usually fixed by tradition (eg: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Maria-Antoinetta), in accordance with the recommendation of reference publications in the Russian language (for example: Rosental D. E. Handbook on spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. M ., 1994, III, § 13). It is recommended to take one of the solutions used in print and consistently adhere to it in all editions.

3.2.11. Chinese personal names

In Chinese own names consisting of two parts, both parts are written from the capital letter. For example: Lee Bo, Liu Huacin, Sun Yu, Sun Yatsen, Dan Xiaopin, Liu Shaii.

3.2.12. Burmese, Vietnamese, Indonesian, Korean, Ceylon, Japanese personal names

All parts of personal names are written from the capital letter. For example: Kim Il Saint, Le Zuan, Fam Van Dong, Ho Chi Minh, Manga Rang Sai, San Yu, not Win, Taung Ji, Pak Su Yen, Dau Ma, Kattorng Pambila Silva, Akira Kurosava, Satsuo Yamamoto, Kim Chen IR.

3.3. Complex non-Russian names and surnames with articles, pretexts, particles, etc.

3.3.1. Artikli, Prepositions, Van, Yes, Das, De, Del, Der, Di, Du, Du, La, Le, Background, etc. in Western European names and names

They are written from the lowercase letters and separately from other components. For example: Ludwig Van Beethoven, Leonardo da Vinci, Onor de Balzac, Lope de Vega, Alfred de Mussse, Juan Ines de la Cruz, Lucca della Roba, Andrea Del Sarto, Roger Marten du Tar, Female von Westphalen, Max von der Grün, Perez de Caullar Havger.

Exception 1. The specified articles, prepositions, particles at the beginning of the last name are written from the capital letter:

a) if they merged with another part of the last name in one word (they are written in a punch or through a hyphen): Van Gogh, Wang der Waals, Vanderweld, Descartes, Dowvin, Dubua, Dussero, Labrüer, Lamarc, Lamartin, Laman, Lamon-Le Vaye, Laplace, Laurefuche, Lafayette, Lafonten, Fonvizin;

b) if in the source language they are written from the capital letter: D "Alamber, Charles de Bosier, Eduardo de Filippo, de Sica, Di Vittorio, Etienne La Boheii, Le Corbusier, Henri Louis Le Chatelu, El Greco.

Exception 2. When the oscillations between the fusion and separate writing of official words should be preferred to fledgingly writing.

3.3.2. Truncated particle De (de) In Western European names

Joins another part of the last name or name across apostrophe. For example: Gabriel D "Annunzio, Jeanne D" ARK, Agrippa d "Obsession, Jiscar d" Esten, d "stage. Writing from a capital or lowercase letter depends on writing in the source language.

3.3.3. Particle ABOUT Before Irish last names

Writing from a capital letter, joins apostrophe: Frank O "Connor, O" Nile

3.3.4. Particles Mac-, San, Saint-, Sent In front of Western European last name

Mc Gregor, Mac-Meichen, José San Martin, Sant-Elia, Saint-Just, Saint-Sans, Saint-Simon, Saint-Boev, Antoine de Saint-Exupery.

3.3.5. Component and in non-Russian surnames

Written from the lowercase letters and joins the hyphen. For example: José Ortega-I-Gasset, Riegu-and-Núñez.

3.3.6. The words don, Donna, Don, Dona In combinations with Spanish, Italian, Portuguese names and surnames

These words meaning "Mr.", "Mrs." are written from the lowercase letters, separately and in indirect cases are inclined. For example: don Lope Melendeo de Almekderes, Don Fernando, Donna Maria, Dona Clement, Don Lope, Don Fernando, Donae Clementa.

An exception. Word don Writing from a capital letter in two names: Don Quixote (Cervantes hero) and Don Juan (hero of Bairon). The names of the heroes of Cervantes and Bairon used in the nominal value are written from the lowercase letters and ply: rustic Donzan, Donkomoti.

3.3.7. Composite parts of Arab, Turkic, Persian and other oriental personal names

Composite parts of such names denoting social status, related relations, etc., as well as official words ( yeah, al, al, ar, ac, ash, bay, beek, bin, zul, zul, kizy, oglu, Ol, Pasha, ul, Khan, Shah, Ed, El et al.) They are written, as a rule, from the lowercase letters and join the name through the hyphen. For example: Kerim-Aga, Zejn Al-Abi-Dean, Al-Biruni, Al-Jahm, Rashid Selim Al-Huri, Harun Ar-Rashid, Sabah Az-Salem Az-Sabah, Omar Ash Sharif, Ibrahim Bay, Hasan-Beck , Tursun-Zade, Salah Zul-Fikar, Cur-ogla, Mamed-oglu, Abil-Pasha, Safe Ul-Islam, Mirza-Khan, Melik Shah, Ed Ding, El Cuni, Es-Visit.

3.3.8. Initial part Ibn, Khan, Ben Arab, Turkic and other oriental names; Ter In Armenian surnames

Writing from a capital letter, joins the next part, as a rule, a hyphen. For example: Ibn-Yasir, Khan-Pir, Shah-Jahan, but: Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, Ben Ali; Wed: Ali Ibn Abd Rahman.

Writing specific own names of this group is recommended to specify the encyclopedic dictionary of the "Last Russian Encyclopedia" of the last year of the publication.

Always written from the capital letter and through the hyphen initial part Ter In Armenian surnames. For example: Ter-Gabrielyan, Ter-Petrosyan.

3.3.9. Particle san In Japanese personal names

Joins the names through the hyphen and is written from the lowercase letters. For example: Quarters-san, chio-chio-san.

3.4. Mythological and religious names, conditional own names, names of acting persons

3.4.1. Individual religious and mythological names

They are written from the capital letter. For example: Atlant, Athena Pallada, Our Lady, Brahma, Buddha, Venus, Hercules, Zeus Studrosz, Jesus Christ, Magomet, Perun.

About other names related to religion, see

3.4.2. Generic names of mythological creatures

angel, Valkyrie, Demon, House, Devil, Lesy, Nymph, Mermaid, Satir, Siren, Favn, Cherub.

3.4.3. The names of the actors in the works of fiction (fairy tales, fables, plays, etc.)

It is usually written from a capital letter, even if these names have a none value. For example: Razbar Marty, donkey, goat yes Kosolapy Teddy bear started to play quartet (wings), falcon (bitter), sugar, bread, milk, dog, cat (metnelink), Santa Claus (but: santa Claus - toy), Snake Gorynych, Red Hat, Found Bird, Rica Khokholok, Snow Maiden, Blue Beard (Heroes of fairy tales). But: Ivanushka-fool, Masha-crawling, Malchik-C-Finger, Bryanka Fidget in combination of a name with a none application; also baron Münhhausen, Grandfather Mazai, Tsarevna Frog, Lady Macbeth, King Lear, Dr. Aibolit.

3.4.4. Console and components like cinema, television in front of their own names

Such consoles and components are written through a hyphen. For example: non-Gogol, False Christ, Pseudo-Pushkin, Cinema-Ostap, Tele-Pechorin, Neo-Robinson; but: Lhadmitry (Traditional writing).

3.5. Adjectives and adverbs formed from facial names

3.5.1. Adjectives formed from individual names of persons, mythological creatures, etc. With the help of suffix - (-) or -in-

They are written from the capital letter. For example: Van Dikova Madonna, Dallev Dictionary, Marks "Capital", Odyssevy Westerns, Tanina Doll.

Also uncle Vasin, Teti Valin, Baba Dusin.

3.5.2. Adjectives formed from individual names of persons with the help of suffix -sk- (-Onsk-, - Evsk-, -insk)

3.5.3. Adjectives with suffix -sk- In the meaning of the name of own, including those who have the meaning of "name", "memory of that"

They are written from the capital letter. For example: Habsburg Dynasty, Petrovsky Reforms, Stroganov School, Nobel Prize, Lomonosov Readings, Bulgakovsky Conference, Vakhtangovsky Theater, Pushkin Poetry Holiday.

3.5.4. Adjectives included in frozen phraseological expressions and composite terms

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: augiyev Stables, Ariadnin Thread, Achilles Fifth, Hercules poles, Gordiyev Knot, Sisyphers Labor, Ezopov Language, Arieleva Lightness, Archimedean Lever, Filkina Diploma, Voltova Arc, Basedova Disease, Bikford Cord, Wittova Dance. Cf. 3.5.1.

3.5.5. Adjectives formed from combinations of the name and surname, name and nickname

They are written through a hyphen's hyphen. For example: walter Scottovsky (from Walter Scott), jul-Vernovsky, Romain-Rollanovsky, Child-ha-Rolladsky, Kozma-Prukovsky; But by tradition: maoszydunovsky (From: Mao Zedong).

3.5.6. Adcharations formed from the names of their own

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: in Suvorovski, in Tanina, Costume.

3.6. Astronomical names

3.6.1. General rule

Own astronomical names are written from a capital letter. In bond and verbal astronomical names from the capital letters, all words are written, except for generic words ( star, Comet, Constellation etc.), the ordinal designations of the luminaire ( alpha, beta, gamma etc.) and besides servicewords. For example: alpha Malaya Males, racing dogs, Galaxy Large Magellanovo Cloud, Star of Ertzgerce Carla, Capella, Milky Way, Paradise Bird, Constellation of Big Psu, Sagittarius, Andromeda Nebula, South Crown, South Cross. See p.

3.6.2. The words Sun, Moon, Earth etc.

Writing from a capital letter only if they are used in the value of astronomical names: planet Earth with satellite moon; Distance from Earth to Sun. However, in the neurmatological meaning: sunset, earth processing, moon light. Cf. also: Universe [There is no doubt that over time a person will begin to redo the universe (BSE)] and universe [In the desert calam and stingy, / on the soil, heat-hot, / Anchar, as a formidable watch, / stands - one in the whole universe (Pushkin)].

3.6.3. Locality names on cosmic bodies

Writing from the capital letters all the words. For example: Marsh rotten, rainbow bay, sea rains, sea clarity, ocean storms (on the moon).

3.7. Geographical names (mainland names, seas, lakes, rivers, hills, countries, regions, settlements, etc.) and derivatives from them

3.7.1. General rule

They are written from the capital letters all the words included in the geogr. titles, with the exception of generic geogr. Terms ( island, sea, mountain, lake etc.) used in the direct value, and servicewords, as well as words years, years. For example: Alps, America, Eurasia, Arctic, Volga, Europe, Caucasus, Urals; Eastern Siberia, New Zealand, North America, Central Europe; Big Bahamas, Kivach Waterfall, West Karelian Highway, Canine Stone (elevation), vesuvius volcano, Karskaya Guba, Tamashlyk Valley, Bay of Well-being, Big Australian Bay, Basin of Large Lakes, Glacier Northern Angelchek, Dneprovsky Liman, Cape Heart-Stone, Cape Chelyuskin, Cape Four Winds, Cape of Good Hope, Abyssinian Highlands, Lake Baikal, Hungry Lip (lake), North Arctic Ocean, New Earth Island, Pioneers Peak, Plateau Ustyurt, Medium-Big Plateau, Caucasian Coast, Taimyr Peninsula, South Pole, Big Sand Desert, Blue Neal (river), Moscow River, Large Barrier Reef, Western Winds, Cancer Tropic, Range of Academy of Sciences, Chief Caucasus Ridge, Valle de la Serena, Rostov-on-Don.

3.7.2. Adjectives formed from their own geographical names

They are written from the capital letter, if they are part of complex geogr. titles or as nicknames, surnames to complex ind. titles ( Moscow Oblast, Indian Ocean, Neva Guba, Perekopia Division), and with a lower case, if not included in the complex your own geogr. names ( asian countries, Moscow School, Pacific Herring).

3.7.3. Geographical names with a generic concept that lost their direct value (type forest, Polyana, Horn, Church)

Such nouns are written from the capital letter, if they are not consumed in the direct value and call the object conditionally. For example: Golden Gate (Strait), Soviet harbor (city), Fire Earth (Island), Czech forest (the mountains), Golden Horn (bay), Krivoy Rog (city), Vyatsky Uva (elevation), White church (city), Pushkin Mountains (village).

3.7.4. Title titles, titles, titles, etc. In composite geographical names

They are written from the capital letter. For example: prince of Prince Ulaf, Charlotte Princess Bay, Queen Mod (Island), queen Charlotte Islands.

3.7.5. The word holy in geographical names

Writing from a capital letter. For example: mountains of the Holy Elijah, the Bay of St. Lawrence, the island of Saint Helena.

3.7.6. Complex geographical names writing through a hyphen

Through a hyphen (each part from a capital letter) is written:

1. Toponyms (nouns or adjectives) consisting of two equal components. For example: Ilyinskoye-Khovanskoye, Likinodulevo, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Port Arthur, Cape Heart-Stone, Bar-stone elevation.

2. Names that are a combination of nouns with the subsequent adjective. For example: Gus-Crystal, Dmitriev-Lgovsky, Novgorod-Seversky, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Struga-Red, Moscow-Commodity (station).

3. Names that are combinations of two equal names that have connective vowels about or e in the first part. For example: Nikolo Berezovka, Trinity-Lykovo, Troitsko-Pechorsk. By tradition, the following names are picked: Borisoglebsk, Petropavlovsk, Kozmodemyansk.

4. Names in the form of adjectives, formed on behalf of the name and surname, or from the surname writing through a hyphen. For example: Lev-Tolstovsky district, settlements Mikhailo-Kotsjubinskoe, Vorontsovo-Dashkov-Skoe.

5. Names starting with words East, West, North-(North), South (South-), Central. For example: East Siberian Sea, West Karelian elevation, North-Chuy Ridge, Cape North-East, South-Color Canal, South-Kamen, Central Andiyskaya Highlands, Central Yakut Lowland.

Note. In the names of settlements starting with words North, South, Perhaps both a fusion and a dephysic writing, for example: North Kurilsk, Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Severodvinsk, Severnier.

6. Names of settlements with the first component Top, solid, eligible. For example: Top-Neuvinsky, Sol-Iletsk, Ust-Ishim, Ust-Kamenogorsk, but: Solvychydomans (according to the adopted tradition).

7. Transferred in Russian foreign-speaking geogr. The names that in the original are written separately or through a hyphen. For example: Salt Lake City, New York, Stara-Zagora, Buenos Aires, Port Kennedy, Zelena-Gira.

Note. The names of residents formed from complex geogr. Names whose parts are connected by a hyphen, are written in a punch. For example: almaty, New Yorks, Orekhovoozhevtsy, Ustkamenogorsa.

3.7.7. Generic foreign language words in the composition of geographical names

These words that are not in Russian as nominal nouns are written from a capital letter through a hyphen. For example: Yoshkar-Ola. (ola. - city), Rio-Colorado (rio - river), Arakan Yoma (yoma - Range), Issyk-Kul (cULT - Lake). However, foreign language generic names used in Russian as nominal nouns are written from the lowercase letters, eg: Varanger Fjord, Berkeley Square, Wall Street, Michigan Avenue, Fifth Avenue, Hyde Park; Wedway: Moscow River, Bear Mountain.

3.7.8. Service words (prepositions, articles, particles) at the beginning of foreignate geographical names

They are written from the capital letter and join the hyphen. For example: De Ridder, La Asuncion, La Martre, Las Vegas, Le Cresz, De Long Islands; Also: Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Saint-Gotard, Saint-Etenn.

3.7.9. Service words (prepositions, articles, particles) in the middle of complex Russian and foreign language geographical names

They are written from the lowercase letters and are connected by two hyphens. For example: Ain-El Hadget, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Pinar del Rio, Puer-de-De-Chorrera, Puy de House, Rio de Janeiro, Rostov-on-Don, Santa Maria Di- Leuka, Frankfurt am Main, Shatilon-sur-Endre, Shoisi-les-Rua, Abruzzo-E-Molzov, Dar Es Salaam.

3.7.10. Sophisticated geographical names that write pony

Titles with the first component Novo-, old, white-, red, black-, greater-, large-, low-, top, upper-, lower-, medium et al. note: Novokuznetsk, Starobelsk, Krasnoperekopsk, Beloka-Mensk, Chernogolovka, Nizhneensey hill, Middle Amur Plain, Gornosavodsk, Verkhnedneprovsk.

3.7.11. Complex geographical names writing separately

They are written separately:

1. Names that are a combination of nouns with the preceding adjective or numeral. For example: South America, Belarusian Polesie, Veliky Novgorod, Sergiev Posad, Tsarskoye Village, Clear Polyana, Second Kuril Strait.

2. Names, including the same combination, as specified above, in paragraph 1. For example: cape of Good Hope, Saint Helena Island, Cape Four Winds, Strait of the Eighth Degree.

3.7.12. Countries of Light

From the capital letters are written the names of the countries of the world (simple and composite) when they are used instead of geogr. titles. For example: peoples of East (i.e. Eastern countries), Far East, West countries, Last North, North and South War (in USA).

In the direct value of the name of the countries of the world, directions in space are written from the lower case. For example: east, West, South, North. Steamer went to the south, and then turned to the south-east.

3.7.13 Parts of Light

Writing from the capital letter: Australia, Asia, America, Antarctica, Africa, Europe.

3.7.14. Unofficial names of geographical units, parts of countries

In these names, all words other than generic ( shore, coast, mainland, continent Asian Mainland, Atlantic Coast, Upper Volga region, Eastern Siberia, East Coast of the United States, European Continent, Transbaikalia, Transcaucasia, Western Siberia, Pliplar, Lower Volga region, New World, Orenburg, Moscow region, Poltava, Presenter, Primorye, Baltic States, Primorye, Primorye, North Caucasus, Northern Urals, Smolenshchina, Central Asia, Stavropol, Old Light, Central Tien Shan, Black Sea Coast, Southeast Asia, South Coast of Crimea, Southern Urals.

3.7.15. Geographic areas and zones

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: summer Strip, Forestry Zone, Primorskaya Region.

3.7.16. Zoogeographic and floristic areas and subsequent

They are written from a capital letter except provinces. For example: Australian region, New Zealand subland, but: guinea Province.

3.7.17. Geological pools, fossil deposits, river pools

In such names from the capital letters, all words are written except generic. For example: volga's Swimming pool, Volga-Ural oil and gas pool, Vyatko-Kamskoye Phosphorites deposit, Illinois coal pool, Kursk magnetic anomaly, Mediterranean pool.

3.7.18. Plots of the flow of rivers and splas

Such titles are written with the line, if they are not part of the complex their own names. For example: top Pripyat, Lower Berezina, Middle Volga Ples; But: Upper Tour, Lower Tunguska (River Name).

3.7.19. Sea Paths

Northern Sea Path, Volzhsky Trading Road.

3.8. Names of states. Administrative territorial names

3.8.1. Official names of states

In them, all the words, except for service, are written from the capital letter. For example: Great Duchy Luxembourg, State Bahrain, Principality Liechtenstein, Korean People's Democratic Republic, Kingdom Belgium, Mexican United States, United States United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States, Commonwealth of Bahamas, French Republic, Russian Federation, Republic of Ukraine, Estonian Republic.

Note. Consumption of capital letters in the names of ancient states, principalities, empires, see

3.8.2. The names of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

In the names of the Republics of the Russian Federation, all words are written from a capital letter. For example: Altai Republic, Republic of Bashkortostan, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic North Ossetia.

In the names of the edges, regions, countries, the generic or species concept is written from the lowercase letters, and the words denoting the individual name - from the capital. For example: Primorsky Krai, Stavropol Territory, Volgograd Region, Moscow Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Agini Buryat Autonomous District, Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous District.

3.8.3. Groups, unions and unification of political states

In their names from the capital letter, the first word is written, as well as its own names. For example: Asia-Pacific Council (AzPAC), Entente, Association of States of Southeast Asia (ASEAN), Beniilyuses, European Free Trade Association (EST), European Economic Community (UES), League of Arab States (LAG), Organization of American States (OAS) , Organization of the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO), organization of the Central Treaty (Sento), Colombo Plan, Holy Union, Northern Council, Council of Consent, Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (YUDAK), Triple Union; but: Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

3.8.4. Groups of States for their geographical location

The first word is written from the capital letter. For example: Balkan countries, Transcaucasian republics, Baltic countries, Scandinavian countries. But: dongyan countries, Northern countries, South countries (There is no fixed composition of states).

3.8.5. Unofficial generally accepted names of countries and their parts

All words in them, except generic ( shore, coast, mainland, continent, center, zone, empire etc.), they are written from the capital letter. For example: Albion, English Empire, England, Interior and External Mongolia, European Turkey, Northern Italy, United Kingdom, Left Bank Ukraine, Western Belarus.

3.8.6. Fashionable names of states and cities

From the capital letter they write either the first word, or a word, emphasizing the characteristic feature of the object called. For example: liberty Island (about Cuba) Country of the Rising Sun. (about Japan), Country of Morning Freshness (about Korea), Country of maple leaves (about Canada) North Palmyra (about St. Petersburg), but: foggy Albion (about England).

3.8.7. Administrative and territorial units of foreign countries

In their names from the capital letters are written all words other than generic designations ( department, Province, Staff etc.), as well as service words. For example: east Sussex County, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire, West Yorkshire (Great Britain); cantons Shaft, Graubyunden (Switzerland); west Bengal State (India); valle-D regions "Aosta, Emilia-Romagna (Italy); departments Bush-du Ron, Upper Pyrenees, Atlantic Loire, Côte d "OR, Côte du-hole, Pa de Calais, Primorskaya Sena, Saint-Saint-Denis (France); province of Sichu-An, Gansu, Hunan (PRC); south Carolina, West Virginia, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, Rhode Island (USA); land Baden-Württemberg (FRG); prefecture Hokkaido (Japan).

3.9. Streets, alleys, urban attractions

3.9.1. Avenues, streets, squares, alleys, deadlocks, bridges, etc.

In these names, all words other than generic ( alley, Boulevard, Line, Embankment, Alley, Area, Travel, Prosk, Prospect, Descent, Still, Street, Highway), It is recommended to write from the capital letter general rule Writing geogr. titles. For example: Komsomolsky Prospect, prospect of the world; Street Butyrsky Val, Street Karetny Ryad, Street Kuznetsky Bridge, Street Likhoborskaya Bugry, Pushkinskaya Street, Street of the People's Militus, Street Serpukhovskaya Foreign Street, Street of Sivtsev eneseek, street Teply Stan, Street Tyufev Grove, Champs Elysees (Street in Paris); the area of \u200b\u200bthe peasant outpost, Nikitsky gate, the area of \u200b\u200bthe revolution; Big Kozihinsky lane, curved alley; Syutkin Still; Large stone bridge, bridge of sigh; Rostov embankment; Highway enthusiasts.

3.9.2. Names of streets, etc., native

The following words are written from a capital letter except words years and of the year. For example: ul. 26 Baku Commissioners, ul. 1905, Square 40 October.

3.9.3. Composite names of streets, including names of military, scientists and other ranks, professions, etc.

In these names, all words are written from the capital letter except the generic. For example: admiral Makarova Street, Street Academician Queen, architect Vlasov Street, General Belova Street, Sosmonavta Volkova Street, Pillars Babushkina Street, Pilot Nesterova Street, Marshal Zhukov Avenue, Majorna Boulevard; also: lieutenant Schmidt Bridge.

3.9.4. Names of urban attractions

In such names, all words, in addition to generic nominal, used in the literal value ( palace, Castle, Cemetery etc.), they are written from the capital letter. For example: Big Kremlin Palace, Winter Palace, Engineering Castle, Novodevichi Cemetery, Petropavlovskaya Fortress, Triumphal Arch, Eiffel Tower, King Bell, Tsar-gun, Copper Horseman (monument), The Colossus of Rhodes; but: Wall of Tears (in Jerusalem), Alley of Fame, Kurgan of immortality, the grave of an unknown soldier (as expressing sacred concepts).

3.9.5. Kremlin

This name is written from the capital letter when it is its own name of the part of the city. For example: In the center of Moscow there is a Kremlin, stamped by stone walls, the second ring is China-city, the third is an earthen city (shaft). But: In Novgorod, Kazan, Pskov and other cities there are Kremlin, i.e. ancient fortress; Novgorod Kremlin.

3.10. Railway stations, train stations, airports, metro stations, land transport stops

3.10.1. Railway stations, train stations, airports

In these names from the capital letters, all words are written, except for generic designations. For example: airport Vnukovo, Domodedovo Airport, Orly Airport, Kursk Station, Leningrad-Passenger, Moscow-Sorting, Moscow-Commodity, Peredelkino, Catull Airport.

3.10.2. Metro Station, Land Transport Stop

They are in quotes and are written from a capital letter (first word). For example: metro Station "Arbat", "Okhotny Ryad" Izmailovsky Park, "Aleksandrovsky Garden", "Oktyabrskoe Field" (Second word by the name of the street), "Preobrazhenskaya Square", "Ryazan Avenue", "Peace Prospect"; Stop Nikitsky Gate, "Children's Polyclinic", "Tallinnaya Street", "10th neighborhood".

3.11. Authorities, institutions and organizations

Z.11.1. General rule

The writing of the highest state and international organizations, in which all the words and other institutions and organizations of a single character are written from the capital letters, in which the first word is written from the capital letter, as well as the names of their own names. For example: United Nations, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR, but: World Council of Peace, Security Council of the Russian Federation.

3.11.2. Higher State Bodies and Organizations of the Russian Federation

In state Official documents in such names from the capital letters are written all words. For example: Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, State Duma, Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Government of the Russian Federation.

Note. In the practice of printing, the tendency is manifested by linguists to use the capital letter only in the first word name. So, Acad. "Russian orthographic dictionary"(M., 1999) recommends writing as a general rule: State Duma (Duma), Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Navy of the Russian Federation.

3.11.3. The most important international organizations

In their names from the capital letters are written all words other than service. For example: Society of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, United Nations (UN), UN Security Council, League of Nations.

3.11.4. Management, ministries, committees, public and other organizations and institutions of the Russian Federation

In their composite names, the first word is written from the capital letters, as well as their own names included in them. For example: State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan, People's Hural Republic of Buryatia, Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia, State Council of the Komi Republic, Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alanya, Altai Regional Legislative Assembly, State Duma of the Stavropol Territory, Moscow City Council; Information Telegraph Agency of Russia (ITAR-TASS), Association of Indigenous Minority Peoples of the North and Far East, Interregional Association of Economic Cooperation of the subjects of the Federation of the Far East and Transbaikalia, Foreign Trade Bank (Vneshtorgbank), central bank RF, Russian Commodity Exchange, Morozovskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Central Bureau for Animal Search, Bureau information technology, Guild of the Filmorezhissarovs of Russia, Department of External Relations of the City of Moscow, Administrative Department of the Government Office of the Russian Federation, Central Chess Club, Commission on International Humanitarian and Technical Assistance in the Government of the Russian Federation, Russian Trilateral Commission on Socio-Labor Relations, Olympic Committee of Russia, Russian State Insurance Company, All-Russian Labor Confederation, State Investment Corporation, Russian League of Professional Boxing, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Federal Supervision of Russia on Nuclear and Radiation Security, Consumer Protection Society, Russian Society of Red Cross, Russian Defense Sports and Technical Organization, Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, Russian Book Chamber, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Council for Agrarian Policy under the Government of the Russian Federation, Union of Artists of Russia, Ross IY Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, General Directorate of the Federal Treasury of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia, State Fund of Employment of the Russian Federation, Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Publicity Protection Fund, Flight Management Center, Headquarters for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations Moscow.

Note. Incomplete titles Instead of full when repetition, it can begin with a capital letter, but in the absence of a full name word in the text department, Main Department, Management, Ministry and so on. They are written from the lowercase letters.

3.11.5. Names of institutions in the plural and not as names of their own

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: ministry of the Russian Federation, the main management of ministries, committees and commissions of the State Duma, agency, federal services.

3.11.6. Institutions and Organizations of inadequate

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: accident Bureau of the City, Bureau Exchange Bureau, Regional Office, the Board of Housing and Construction Cooperative, Deputy Commission, Conventional Commission, Polyclinic No. 140 of the Gagarinsky district.

3.11.7. Names of institutions and organizations with conditional name in quotes

1. From the capital letter is written the first word name in quotes. Preceding the conditional name text is written from the lowercase letters if not starts with the word All-Russian, Russian, state, central. For example: interfax Information Agency, Revival Association, Humanitarian Foundation "Knowledge"; But: Russian News Agency "News", Russian Charitable Foundation "Intellect", Interstate TV and Radio Company "Peace".

2. In the names beginning with geogr. Definitions, geogr. Definition is written from a capital letter, if included in the full official name, and the line, if not included in its composition. For example: Kaliningrad Publishing House "Business World"; but: moscow Publishing House "Contempor" (The official name is used without geogr. Definitions).

3.11.8. Parts and departments of institutions and organizations

Names of parts and departments of institutions, organizations except the above, as well as words like presidency, Scientific Council, Art Council, Faculty, Department, Department, Sector, Group Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: at the Faculty of Philology, on the editorial and publishing department, in the teaching department, the department of the Russian language, the personnel department, the dialectology sector, the electronic system control group.

3.11.9. International and Foreign Central Organizations and Institutions

From the capital letter is written the first word, as well as your own names. For example: World Health Organization, World Trade Union Federation, International Monetary Fund, European Economic Community, European Union, international Court UN, United Nations Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Organization of Labor, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Communications Communications, African Unity Organization , National Congress of the Argentine Republic. Organization for Safety and Cooperation in Europe, Inter-Parliamentary Union, Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Safety and Cooperation in Europe, General Secretariat of the Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, European Parliament, International Bureau of Measures and Scales, International League for Culture Protection, United Nation Human Rights Commission , European Consortium of Political Studies, Society of Ethnology and Folklore Europe, Federal Bureau Investigation, National Aeronautics Office and Space Space Research, US Supreme Court, Polish Sejm, National Assembly of France, Great State Huhural Mongolia, Bulgarian Legislative Assembly. see also

3.11.10. CIS Names and Organizations

Council of CIS, Executive Secretariat of the CIS, Council of the Interior of the CIS member states, Legal Advisory Board of the CIS member states, headquarters for coordination of military cooperation of the CIS member states, Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS member states, Economic Court CIS, Permanent Commission on Problems Environment, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

3.11.11. State electoral institutions of foreign countries

We are usually written from the lowercase letters. For example: congress, Majlis, Lower Chamber, Chamber of Deputies, House of Lords, Chamber of Commons (In Great Britain), senate and Chamber of Representatives (in USA), parliament, Reichstag, Storting.

3.11.12. Elementary institutions of a temporary or isolated nature in historical literature

Write the first word from the capital letter. For example: Temporary government (1917 in Russia), General States, State Duma, III Duma (but: city Duma), Convention, Prepaired.

3.11.13. Foreign information agencies

In the names, their all words, in addition to generic, are written from a capital letter, and the name in quotes is not lied. For example: agency France Press, United States Agency PRESS INTERNESHNL (UNIP), UNION FRANSEZ AGENCY DE ENFORMA, ASSOCHATED PRESS (USA).

3.12. Research institutions, academies, educational institutions

3.12.1. General rule

In the own names of academies, research institutions, educational institutions from the capital letter, only the first word is written (even if it is a generic name or title indicating the specialty), as well as its own names included in the complex name. For example: Russian Academy of Sciences, Academy of Natural Sciences, Air Academy. Yu. A. Gagarin, International Academy of Entrepreneurship, Moscow state University Print, Diplomatic Academy, Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow State Linguistic University, Orthodox University of the University. John the Theologian, Russian University of Friendship of Peoples, Institute of International Business, Acoustic Institute. N. N. Andreeva, Research Electromechanical Institute, the All-American Institute of Business and Economics, Literary Institute. A. M. Gorky, Russian Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russian Center for International and Cultural Cooperation, Pushchinsky Research Center, RAS Computing Center.

3.12.2. Medium educational institutions (schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, colleges, technical schools, colleges) of inadequacy

Their names are written from the lower case. For example: medical School No. 1, Technical School No. 2 of Moscow, Interchangeable School of Chefs, Pharmaceutical School No. 266, Evening School, high school № 59 them. N. V. Gogol, Moscow Secondary School No. 266, Children's Music School No. 3. N. Ya. Meakovsky, Professional Lyceum No. 319, Experimental Gymnasium No. 20, Automechanical Technical School.

However, if the name includes geogr. The definition or name is part of a single nature and equal to the highest educational institution, it is written from the capital letter. For example: Russian Republican Medical School, theatrical School them. M. S. Shchepkin, Music School. Ippolitov-Ivanova, Novosibirsk Theater School, Moscow Art School of Memory of 1905, State Music School of Brand Art, Moscow Humanitarian Acting, Zhukovsky Aviation Technical School.

3.13. Entertainment enterprises and institutions (theaters, museums, parks, ensembles, choirs, etc.)

3.13.1. General rule

Only the first word is written from the capital letter, as well as its own names included in the name. For example: State Academic Bolshoi Theater of Russia, Central Academic Theater of the Russian Army, Moscow Theater on Taganka, Music Academic Theater. K. S. Stanislavsky and Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, Peoples Friendship Theater (Moscow), Theater of Nations (Paris), Moscow State Conservatory. P.I. Tchaikovsky, Concert Hall of P. I. Tchaikovsky, State Central Concert Hall "Russia", Rakhmaninovsky Hall of the Conservatory, Georgiev Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace (In the first of the last two items, the word conservatory is written with capital as a replacement full name - see), Column Hall House of Unions, Academic Big Concert Orchestra, Russian State Symphony Orchestra Cinematography, State Weapon Chamber, State Russian Museum, Hermitage, Museum of the Art of the Nations of the East, Museum V. A. Tropinin and Moscow Artists of His Time, Museum of Old Russian Literature and Art. Andrei Rublev, Metropolitan Museum, International Slavic Cultural Center, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, Royal Ballet Great Britain, State Academic Choir Chapel of Russia named after A. A. Yurlova, State Academic Ensemble of Folk Dance under the guidance of Igor Moiseeva, Voronezh Russian People's Choir, Russian State Library , State Public History Library, Central City Library. N. A. Nekrasova, Central Sports Club of the Army (CSKA), Central Park of Culture and Rest. M. Gorky, Summer Garden (in St. Petersburg), Botanical Garden of Moscow State University, Victory Park on Poklonnaya Mountain, Kunstkamera (S.-Petersburg).

3.13.2. Names from generic name and names in quotes

1. From the capital letter, the first word name in quotes is written, and the generic name - with the line, if not starts words International, All-Russian, Russian, Central, State. For example: theater "Commonwealth of Taganka Actors", Belyaevo Exhibition Hall, Russian State Theater "Satirikon". A. I. Raikina, Brigantine Club, Leisure Center "Fantasy", Exhibition "Gold Scythians", Cinema "Artistic", but: Central Exhibition Hall "Manege", All-Russian Museum Association "State Tretyakov Gallery".

2. In the names beginning with geogr. Definitions, geogr. Definition is written from a capital letter, if part of the official name, and the line, if not included in the name. For example: Moscow Theater "Contemporary", but: moscow Theater. EVG. Vakhtangov (full official name - State Academic Theater. EVG. Vakhtangov), moscow Circus "Light".

3.14. Cultural institutions (palaces, houses, etc.)

3.14.1. General rule

In the complex names of such institutions of the word House and Palace, novice name, are written from the capital letter. For example: Friendship house with the peoples of foreign countries, the house of culture them. S. P. Gorbunova, Schoolboy's Creativity House, Youth Creativity Palace. However, if the words house and palace precede part of the official name of the word type All-Union, Central or geogr. Determining, then only the first name of the name is written from the capital letter. For example: Central House of Writers, Central House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow House of Composers, Moscow House Models, Zelenograd Palace of Creativity of Children and Youth, State Russian House of Folk Creativity, State House of Radio Broadcasting and Recompressing, White House; but: Pushkin House, "Print Yard" (traditionally).

Cf. also child house, mother and child house, holiday home, maternity hospital, Winter Palace (here words house, Palace - Menantive nouns), peredelkinsky house of creativity (geogr. Definition is not included in the official name).

3.14.2. Incomplete name replacing complete

From the capital letter is written the first (or only) word truncated name. For example: State Literary Museum - Literal Museum, Central House of Artist-Site by the artist, Bolshoy Moskovsk Conservatory - Big Road of the Conservatory, Moscow Theater Satira - Satira Theater, State Kremlin Palace - Kremlin Palace, but: Contemporary Theater.

3.15. Enterprises, firms, trusts, associations

3.15.1. Names of firms, joint-stock companies, factories, factories, etc. With the conditional name in quotes

3.15.2. Names with the names of this or number

The generic name and the name indicating the profile of the enterprise are written from the lowercase letters. For example: sewing Atelier No. 2, metallurgical plant. A. I. Serov, pencil factory them. L. B. Krasina, Typography number 5, Factory of chemical cleaning of clothing number 3, tram depot. P. L. Apakov. Cm. ,

3.15.3. Difficult names starting with words State, Russian etc.

The first word is written from the capital letter. For example: State Aviation Corporation "Tupolev", Russian State Concern "Cement".

3.15.4. Sophisticated names starting with geographical definition

They are written from a capital letter if this definition is part of the official name, and from the line, if geogr. The definition is not included in the name, but only points to the location. For example: Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine, Moscow Mechanical Plant "Red Way", Oryol Machine-Building Plant. Medvedev, but: Stavropol Industrial and Trade Shoe Association "Caucasus", Vologda Tribal "Zarya", Moscow Hotel Metropol, Yekaterinburg JSC "Ural Tire Plant" (The full official name does not include geogr. Definitions).

3.15.5. Names of foreign firms, companies, concerns, banks, etc. from one or more words

They are transcribed by Russian letters and conclude in quotes. From the capital letter in these names they write the first word in quotes and own names. For example: uNITEED STYTS STYL, DEGENER MOTORS, Rolls-Royce conmen, Sony, Coca-Cola company, UNITED FRUT Company, Morgan Stanley Bank, Concerns " Volkswagen, "Fiat".

Note. It is undesirable to print the names of foreign firms in the language of their nat. or state. accessories. In scientific Editions in brackets can be given in the source language.

3.15.6. Names of foreign firms, companies, etc. in the form of an initial abbreviation

These names in quotes do not conclude. For example: aEG, IBG, MBB.

3.16. Abbreviated names of institutions, organizations, etc.

3.16.1. Abbreviated names made up of words

They are written from a capital letter, if the institutions are identical, and with lowercase, if they are called inference. For example: Gosnak, Vnesheconombank, State Property Committee, but: special Forces.

3.16.2. Abbreviated conditional names of controls, trusts, associations

3.16.3. Abbreviated mixed names of single institutions, organizations, institutions (comprehensive words in combination with initial abbreviations)

They are written from a capital letter, pony, without quotes, with initial abbreviations that are taken to write with capital letters, retain speakers both at the beginning and in the middle or late abbreviation. For example: Niisomicramics, NIIPromStroy, Niecement, Tsnichermet, Hipridge, lead but: DniproNes.

3.17. Political parties, social movements and organizations

3.17.1. Full official names of parties and movements

The first word and own names are written in them from the capital letter. For example: All-Russian Confederation of Labor, Union of Women of Russia, Democratic Party of Russia, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Peasant Party of Russia, People's Patriotic Union, Socialist Party of Workers of Russia, Indian National Congress, United Kingdom Communist Party, Christian Democratic Union (Germany), Party of Arab Socialist Renaissance (Syria), Austrian People's Party, Movement of the People's Unity of Tunisia, Confederation of Socialist Parties of the European Community, Front of the National Liberation of Algeria, Congress of Jewish Religious Communities and Organizations of Russia, Armenian National Movement, Republican Party (USA), Democratic party (USA), Labor Party.

3.17.2. Names of unofficial character

They are written from the lowercase letters (including similar names of pre-revolutionary parties in Russia). For example: party of conservatives (in the UK and other countries), homindandan, Dashnakutun, Seyukhukai, Mensheviks party, Cadet Party.

3.17.3. Symbolic names

They conclude in quotes and the first word is written from the capital letter. For example: party "Folk Volya", "Black Panthers" (USA), fourth Power Party (Panama), "Democratic Choice of Russia", Association "Apple", Movement of "Women of Russia", "Our House - Russia", the Islamic Movement "Taliban", the party "Unity".

3.17.4. Political clubs

In the names of political clubs from a capital letter, the first word is written. For example: English Club, Club of Cordermen, Jacobin Club.

3.18. Posts, titles, titles

3.18.1. Higher positions and higher honorary titles of the Russian Federation

Write from a capital letter. For example: Higher Positions: President of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, President of the Republic of Tatarstan; honorary title Hero of the Russian Federationas well as honorary titles of the former USSR: Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor.

Note 1. Such writing of top posts is accepted only in official documents (laws, decrees, diplomatic documents), but: According to the press service of the head of state, the president expressed satisfaction with the fact that ...; The meeting was attended by the President of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Duma, Ministers. see also

Note 2. The list of top posts and their writing is installed not by linguists. So, in a brief reference book on registration of acts of federal state authorities (M, 1997), it is recommended to write in official documents from the capital letter Chairman of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and mn. Dr.

3.18.2. Other posts and titles

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: chairman of the Council for Foreign Policy under the President of the Russian Federation, Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation, a valid State Advisor of the 1st Class, Head of Legal Administration of the Federation Council, Head of Administration, Governor, Mayor, Commander-in-Chief of Ground Forces, Minister, Prime Minister, Academician, Corresponding Member , President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Attache, Ambassador, Marshal, General, Major, Honored Worker of Culture, Nobel Prize Laureate, Director, Director General, Head, Scientific Secretary, Chairman of the collective farm.

The names of spiritual titles and posts see

3.18.3. Posts and titles of foreign countries

Names of higher and other states. Posts are written from the lowercase letters. For example: japan's emperor, Queen of the Netherlands, Pasha, Chairman People's Council Syrian Arab Republic, President of the French Republic, Prime Minister of India, Federal Chancellor of Germany, Khan, Sheikh.

In diplomatic documents, in reports on the summit, the names of the highest posts and titles are written from the capital letter. For example: President of the French Republic, President of Georgia, India Prime Minister, Emperor of Japan, Queen of the Netherlands, United Kingdom Prime Minister.

3.18.4. Higher positions in the largest international organizations

The names of these posts are written from the lowercase letters. For example: general Secretary of the League of Arab States, UN Secretary-General, Chairman of the UN Security Council.

3.19. Historical epochs and events, revolutions, folk uprisings and movements, congresses, congresses, conferences

3.19.1. Historical epochs and periods

Revival, Renaissance, High Revival (also: Early, later revival), Renaissance (but: renaissance style), Reformation, Epoch of Enlightenment, Middle Ages, Petrovskaya Epoch (but: dopurerovskaya era, afternoon epoch - as ordinary periods), Troubles, the second Empire, June monarchy, Paris Commune, Third Republic.

3.19.2. Revolutions, uprisings, riots, folk movements

From the capital letters they write the first word (except generic concepts) and own names. For example: Great Oktyabrskaya socialist revolution (October), Great French Revolution, August Revolution (in SRV), English bourgeois revolution, February Revolution of 1917 (February), Bulavinskoye uprising, December 1905 armed uprising (but: december Uprising 1825 - in this phrase december - only the designation of the time of the uprising, which is not part of the name), Jacceria (specific historical event, but: jacceria - in the meaning "peasant uprising"), Kronstadt uprising, Lyon uprising, Copper riot, salt riot, Pugachev Uprising, September uprising (1944, Bulgaria), Pagucho movement, resistance movement.

3.19.3. Congresses, conferences, congresses

In these names, the first word is written from the capital letter, as well as its own names. For example: World Congress of Trade Unions, All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Paris Peace Conference 1919-1920, Potsdam (Berlin) Conference 1945, San Francisa Conference (1945), Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation, International Astronomical Congress, but: congress of entrepreneurs, Congress "Teachers for Peace", Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the extraordinary session of the Universal National Congress.

3.19.4. The names of historical epochs, events, etc., which are not our own names

Writing from the lowercase letter: antique World, Civil War (But as a name is: Civil War in Russia 1918-1921), napoleonic Wars, Feudalism.

3.20. Scientific historical terms. Names of ancient states

3.20.1. Kurgans, Mogilniki, Parking of an ancient man

In these names, the first word is written from the capital letter. For example: Baksilsky Kurgan, Borkovsky Moginal, Velskie Site, Kirillovsky Parking, Smolensk Gorodishche, Shaitanov Kurgan.

3.20.2. Century, culture, geological periods

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: bronze Age, Stone Age, glacial period, Mesozoic Era, Cretaceous Period, Tertiary, Tripoli Culture, Paleolithic Epoch, Jurassic.

3.20.3. Ancient States, Principality, Empire, Kingdom

In these names, they write from the capital letters all words other than generic concepts principality, Empire, Kingdom etc. For example: Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, East Roman Empire, Galitsky Principality, Ancient Egypt, Ancient China, Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece, ancient Russia, the Empire of the Great Mughal, Kievan Rus, Moscow Rus, Russian Earth.

3.20.4. Names of monarchy

Usually these names are not official, so they are written with the line. For example: burbon monarchy, German monarchy, Russian monarchy.

3.20.5. Dynasty

These names are written from the capital letter, with the exception of the word dynasty. For example: Habsburg Dynasty, Romanov, Meroving Dynasty, Han, Bourbon, Ptolemy, Great Mogola.

3.21. Renal Dates, Holidays, Mass Events

3.21.1. General rule

In the names of significant dates, revolutionary holidays, major mass events from the capital letters write the first word and their own names. For example: World May, World Year of Population, World Aviation Day and Cosmonautics, Baby Year (1979), Day of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the day of consent and reconciliation, day of memory and grief, New Year, International Women's Day (March 8), Independence Day, National Uprising Day (Cuba), Victory Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day, Days of Slavic Writing and Culture, International Week of Letters, International Year of Book, World Week.

The names of some political, cultural, sports and other events with nationwide or international importance are also written. For example: World Economic Forum, March Marsh, World Festival of Youth and Students, Olympic Games 1980, Football Cup, Davis Cup, Goodwill Games, White Olympiad.

The names of religious holidays see

3.21.2. Names with initial sequence numerical in digital or verbal form

In such a difficult name from a capital letter, the word is written with the following number (numbers): May 1, March 8, XI International Competition named after P. I. Tchaikovsky, Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets.

The words International, World, All-Russian etc. They are written from the capital letter regardless of whether the serial number or word is denoted at the beginning of the title.

3.21.3. Names of constantly conducted mass events (month, days, decades)

They are written with a lowercase letter without quotes. For example: day meeting of graduates, deputy day, donor day, open day.

3.22. Names associated with religion

The writing of the names associated with religion is subject to the general rules, but traditional ways of representing certain groups of titles that have developed in church-religious and religious and philosophical texts are taken into account.

3.22.1. The names of the gods, apostles, prophets, saints

The word is written from the capital letter God (In the meaning of a single supreme being) and the names of the gods in all religions. For example: Jehovah, Savaof, Yahweh, Jesus Christ, Allah, Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu, Names of the pagan gods, eg: Perun, Zeus, Moloch, Osiris, RA, Astarta, Aurora, Vakh, Dionysis. Also they are written their own names of the founders of religions. For example: Buddha (but: buddha - Vervoider; a person who has reached spiritual enlightenment) Mohammed (Magomet, Magomed), Zarathushtra (Zarathustra); Apostles, prophets, saints, eg: John Forerunner, John theologian, Nikolai Wonderworker, Georgy Victorious.

From the capital letters are written all the names of the Holy Trinity Features ( God Father, God Son, God Holy Spirit) And the word Virgin, as well as all words used instead of words God (eg: Lord, Savior, Creator, Most High, Almighty, Creator, Godhead) and words Virgin (eg: Queen Heavenly, Most Virgin, Mother of God), as well as adjectives formed from words God, Lord, For example: grace of God, the Lord (Lord) will, on All Willow of God, the Temple of God, Divine Trinity, Divine Liturgy (But in the portable value - the lower case letter, for example: divine Voice, God's Dandelion, Lady Cow).

Note 1. In the texts of church-religious (prayers, sermons, etc.) and religious-philosophicals from the capital letter, pronoun are written, replacing words God, God. For example: Yes your name is yours, yes there will be his holy will.

Note 2. Word god In the meaning of one of the many gods or in a figurative value is written from the lowercase letp. For example: god Apollo, God of War, Gods Olympus.

Note 3. Words apostle, Prophet, Saint, Rev., Martyr, Blessed etc. Before own names are written from the lowercase letters. For example: apostle Paul, Rev. Sergius Radonezh, Martyr Irina, Saint Vasily Great, Blessed Ksenia Petersburg, but: Most Holy Virgin, Most Holy Trinity.

3.22.2. Sustainable combinations with the words God, Lord

In numerous sustainable combinations that are constantly consisting in spoken speech out of direct communication with religion should be written god (as well as lord) From the lowercase letters. These include: (not) God of news or (not) God knows (who, what, what) - about a com-, anything not very important, significant; god (Lord) knows him - Unknown, I do not know; god with him (her, you, you), (not) God, for God, kill me, kill me, how God puts me on the soul, do not bring God (Lord), the God offended, forgotten by God, to God to heave, not to believe Nor in God, not in the hell, do not drive God to the forest, if Izbu Vlez, and etc.

It should not be written from the capital letter of interjections by God, God, my God, Lord, Lord My God, God you are, God forbid, God Save, in contrast to cases when forms god, Lord Express appeal to God.

In some cases, the selection of writing depends on the context. So can be written thank God (if the context indicates that the speaker really thanks the Lord God) and thank God (If it is clear according to the context that it is consumed by the conversational turnover: That time he, thank God, came on time!

But in a combination not thank God Capital letter is impossible ( He has nothing to glory).

3.22.3. Words denoting the most important concepts for the Orthodox tradition

Such words are used in the value of their own names and are written from the capital letter. For example: Sky (humility sword, will safely pass the land with him, hell and reach the sky), the cross of the Lord, the terrible court, the Holy Gifts, the Holy Spirit (but: holy Spirit - It is not known how).

3.22.4. Names of various denominations

The first word is written from the capital letter. For example: Russian Orthodox Church, Evangelical Lutheran Church, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Church, Armenian Apostolic Church.

3.22.5. Names of religious holidays

From the capital letters write the first word and own names. For example: in Christianity: Easter Christ, Christmas, Entrance of the Lord in Jerusalem, Trinity, Baptism of the Lord, Creation, Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord, Pokrov Most Holy Virgin, Ilyin Day; In other religions: Kurban-Bai-Ram, Ramazan (Ramadan), Navruz, Hanukkah, Shabbat and etc.

From the capital letters are written by posts and weeks (sadmits): Great post, Petrov post, bright saddimians, passionate saddimians, Fomina Week, And also words Maslenitsa (oil week, cheese saddemic), shints.

3.22.6. Names of church management

The first word is written from the capital letter. For example: The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Bishops' Cathedral, the Local Cathedral, Moscow Patriarchate, Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia and European CIS countries, the highest coordinating center of theological administrations of Muslims of Russia.

3.22.7. Names of spiritual titles and posts

From the capital letters are written all the words other than official and pronouns, in the official names of the highest religious officials. For example: Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, location, Universal Constantinople Patriarch, Pope, but: during the conversation, the President and Patriarch ...; During the visit to Cuba Dad visited ...

The names of other spiritual titles and posts are written from the lowercase letters. For example: metropolitan Volokolamsky and Yuryevsky, Archbishop, Cardinal, Archimandrite, Hegumen, Priest, Deacon, Protodiakon.

3.22.8. Names of churches, monasteries, icons

3.22.9. Names of cult books

They are written from the capital letter. For example: Bible, Sacred Scripture, Gospel, Old Testament, New Testament, Character, Chetty Minei, Psaltry, Quran, Torah, Talmud, Vedas; The same in the names of monuments of writing, for example: Ostromiro Gospel, Ostrog Bible.

3.22.10. Names of church services and their parts

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: liturgy, evening, morning, mass, procession, vigil, vague.

3.23. Names related to military topics

3.23.1. The most important military names of the Russian Federation, the types of troops

From the capital letter, the first word is written, as well as their own names. For example: General Headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Rocket troops strategic appointment, land forces, air defense troops, air force, military-cosmic forces, airborne troops, railway troops of the Russian Federation. But in the official. Documents: Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Navy.

3.23.2. Department and Divisions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

From the capital letter, the first word is written, as well as their own names. For example: The main operational department of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the main headquarters of the ground forces.

3.23.3. Military District, garrisons

The first word is written from the capital letter. For example: Moscow Military District, North Caucasian Military District, Saratov Garrison.

3.23.4. Own names of wars

The first word and own names are written from the capital letter. For example: Balkan Wars, Patriotic War 1812, 1st Punich War, Seven-Year War, Thirty Year War, War of Aloi and White Rose, War for Independence (in North America 1775-1783), World War I, Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905, Civil War (in Russia 1918-1921), The Second World War, but: The Great Patriotic War (traditional writing); korean War (1950-1953), afghan War (1979-1989).

3.23.5. Fights, battles, directions, fronts

In these names, the first word is written from the capital letter (with a defiscation - both parts of the title). For example: Berlin Direction, Borodino Battle, Battle of Peoples (under Leipzig 1814), Orlovsk-Bryansk operation, 1st Ukrainian Front, Sinai Battle, Stalingrad Battle, Steppe Front, South-West Front.

3.23.6. Military parts, connections

From the uppercase letters are written their own names. For example: Belomorsky 35th Dragun Regiment, Vyatka Regiment (but: first battalion, second company, sapper battalion), Red Baltic Fleet, Life Guard Preobrazhensky Regiment, Life Guard Gusar Regiment, Siberian Cossack Army, Separate Primorial Army, 1st Equestrian Army, Smolensk Infantry Division, 119th Kolomna Regiment, Kantemirovskaya Tank Division.

3.24. Order, Medals, Difference Signs, Prize

3.24.1. Names of orders not secreted by quotes

order. For example: order of courage, the Order of Friendship, the Order of Honor, the Order of the Patriotic War I degree, the Order of St. George, the Order of Victory, Order Nakhimov, Order Suvorov, the Order of Fame. Also: maternity medal.

Note. In the names of the orders and signs of the differences between the former USSR, all the words are written from the capital letters by tradition order, For example: order of the Labor Red Banner, the Order of the October Revolution.

3.24.2. Names of orders, medals and differences allocated by quotes

From the capital letters write the first word name in quotes and names of your own. For example: the Order of the Maternal Glory of the I degree, the medal "Defender of Free Russia", the Order "For Services to Fatherland", the anniversary medal "50 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", Medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow", Medal "For the difference in the protection of the state border", the sign of the difference "for impeccable service", the sign "Marshall Star".

3.24.3. Names of foreign orders and international medals

From the capital letter written the first word name (except the word order) And your own names. For example: Iron Cross, Honorary Legion Order (France), Gold medal of the world. JOLOLIO CURI, ORDS GARTSERS (England).

3.24.4. Prize

From the capital letter is written first word but words prize. For example: Honor Prize, Lomonosovskaya Prize, Nobel Prize, International Prize of Peace, Berechovskaya Prize, State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art, Grand Prix, but: prize them. Dimitrov, Prize "Golden Mask" (when called in quotes).

3.25. Documents, works of printing, musical works, monuments of art and architecture

3.25.1. The names of the documents without the priority standing out of the name of the generic word ( charter, instruction etc.)

Such titles are accepted not to enter into quotes and begin with a capital letter. For example: Versailles, the UN Declaration, Decree on the World, Erfurt Program, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Treaty on Public Accord, the Fundamental Act of Russia and NATO, the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Code of Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Declaration of Human Rights and Freight Citizen, The law on the basics of the tax system, the Regulation on the procedure for considering the issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation, the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens, the Memorandum of Economic Policy, the Regulation on joint-stock companies, the State Refugee Convention.

Note. If an incomplete or inaccurate name of the document is given, then writing from the lowercase letters, for example: At the next meeting, the law on pensions was not approved.

3.25.2. Names of documents with a preceding tribal word not included in the name

The generic word is written from the lowercase letters, and the name concludes in quotes and write from the capital letter. For example: federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation", Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On measures for the improvement of public finances", Law "On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations", the program "Partnership for Peace", Resolution of the State Duma of the Russian Federation "On the Education of the State Duma Committees " (Document names are given in accurately according to their writing in government documents).

3.25.3. Literary works, magazines, newspapers and print authorities

From the capital letters write first word and own names in the names of books, newspapers, magazines, magazines, etc. comedy "Mount from Wit", play "Marriage", the story "Singers", Roman "War and Peace", the newspaper "Arguments and Facts", "Literary Gazeta", the magazine "New World".

Note 1. Writing all the names of the title from the capital letter, taken at the end of the XIX - early XX century. (up to 20 years), is not modern and not preserved even in the Doc. Texts, with rare exceptions.

Note 2. In the text, bibliogr. The descriptions of the printing of prints in quotes are not concluded (see Chapter 31), but this does not affect the spelling of the names themselves.

3.25.4. Alternative title of literary work (publication)

The first word of the second part of the title after the Union is also written from the capital letter. or. For example: "Mad day, or marriage Figaro", "Twelfth night, or anything".

3.25.5. Names of publications

Do not conclude in quotes and write such names from the lowercase letters like collected Works, Selected WorksWhen these names are used in the value of the type of publication: ... in all collections of Works M. Yu. Lermontov ...; Claims the publication of elected compositions of poets. But if we are talking about a particular edition, which wears such a typical name, then it is written from the capital letter without quotes. In the complete composition of the writings A. S. Pushkin, Tom Selected Works A. N. Tolstoy.

3.25.6. Foreign books, newspapers and magazines

In the text of the publication in Russian, the names of newspapers and magazines are reproduced in Russian transcription (transliteration), book names in Russian translation or transcription (untranslable title). Capital and lowercase letters are written according to the general range of titles in quotes. For example: Al-Akhram, Washington Post and Times Herald, "Zemdelsko", "Currier Di Roma", "Chrischen Sayens Monitor", "France Nouvel", "Letras de Ekuador", "New York Times", " Di Tsita, "Yumanite", "United States News and Ward di ripp", Roman "Molded", "Golden Donkey" Apulela.

Note. Reproduction of the name of the magazine, newspapers, lit. The works in the text in the original language are permissible only in cases where the reference to these titles is attached simultaneously. character. It is more expedient, however, in such cases in scientific editions pointing next to the transcribed name in the original language in parentheses or with a frequent repetition of the names put a list of names in the original language, pointing next to each transcribed name.

3.25.7. Musical works

These names conclude in quotes and write from the capital letter (the first word and names of their own), if the genus or kind of musical work is not included in the name itself. If the name of the musical work is a combination of a generic word ( symphony, Sonata. etc.) with a number or musical term, then it is written from the capital letter, but in quotes it is not. For example: ballet "Copper Horseman", the song "Russian Field", Opera "Peak Lady", Oratoria "Centuries in Tradition", Symphony "Jupiter", Sonata "Appassionate", but: The Seventh Symphony of D. Shostakovich, Leningrad Symphony, the first concert for piano with the Orchestra P. I. Tchaikovsky, the second Ballad of Chopin, Suite No. 3, the Fa Major Quartet.

Note. It should be distinguished by the names of musical works that coincide with the name of the genre (they are written from the capital letter without quotes: The performer's program included the concert of A. Saint-Sansa and the symphony concert A. Prokofiev; but: Composer worked for a long piano concert for a long time), and the designation of the genre (written from the lowercase letters: march, Elegy, Serenade).

3.25.8. Monuments of Starina

In the names of the cathedrals, temples, etc. From the capital letters write the first word (if it is not a generic concept) and the names of their own. For example: St. Isaac's Cathedral, Mausoleum of Placidia, Sisikstinskaya Chapel, Cathedral of the Parisian Mother of God, Trinity-Sergiyev Lavra, Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir, the Temple of Basil Blessed, Church of the Intercession on Nerlie, Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, Church of Saint Sophia, Church of Savior Nealis.

3.25.9. Names of churches and cathedrals with elements San, Santa, Sent

They are written from the capital letter through a hyphen. For example: cathedral of San Marco (Venice), Church of San Francisco, Church of Santa Croce, Saint-Chapel.

3.25.10. Title works of fine art

They are written from the capital letters their own names and the first name of the name in quotes. For example: bust Voltaire, monument of glory, monument A. S. Pushkin, Statue M. Yu. Lermontov, Portrait of L. N. Tolstoy, Monument "Mask Sorrow", "Scary Court" Michelangelo, Painting "Creation of Adam", "Sikstinskaya Madonna" Rafael , "The girl illuminated by the Sun" V. A. Serov.

In such names of memorial structures and collections of documents as The grave of the unknown soldier, the wall of crying, the Kurgan of immortality, the book of memory, From the capital letters write the first and subsequent words expressing high sacred concepts; But in a combination Eternal flame - Traditionally only the first word.

3.26. Musical terms

3.26.1. Tonalness

Denoticed by Russian letters they write from the lowercase letter separately ( to major, salt minor), and the adjectives formed from them - with a lower case through a hyphen ( up-major, solo minor); Latin letters - differently: major ( dur) - with capital (eg: D-DUR), minor ( moll.) - from the line (eg: eS-Moll.). In formed from the names of the tonalities marked with Latin letters, the adjectives of Russian cases are joined through the apostrophe. For example: D-DUR "No, ES-MOLL".

Note. The names of the tonalities in the text are not allocated, unlike the names of musical sounds (they are italing it in italics: up, re, m, h, fis).

3.26.2. The names of the alterized sounds and adjectives formed from them

They are written with a lowercase letter through a hyphen. For example: re-Bemol, Sol-Diez, Sol-Diez-minor.

3.27. Clicks and names of animal and bird breeds

3.27.1. Animal and bird pits (general rule)

They are written from the capital letter and not stand out with quotes. For example: horses Farlaff, Shutter, Biryuk, Squa, Cows Oddle, Pestrushka, Masha, Nymph, Bulls Couples 2nd, Barin Young, Thunderstorm, Dogs Favik, Guess, Polico, Chestanka, Pigs Pigs, Murka Cry, Cat Barsik, Tiger Pursh, Elephant Sambo, Parrot Krikun, Sort Boltunya.

3.27.2. Animal nicknames attributed to their groups

They are written with lowercase, even if they are formed from their own names. For example: Vaska and Murki were worn by attics; All Mashas, \u200b\u200bMaruski, the cream walked along the streets of the village, leaving the smell of milk; jokes and beams; Bears on the painting Shishkin; Teddy bear; Loudly ledali balls and bugs.

3.27.3. Breed of animal and birds

Their names are written with a lowercase letter without quotes. For example: cattle - bushievsky, Zebuvideo, Simmental (breed), schwitskaya, Shortgornskaya; Pigs - alabusinskaya (breed), berkshire, Kemerovo Shan; sheeps - azerbaijan Mountain Merino, Bal-Bases, Gissar (breed), caucasian fine-man; goats - angora (breed), megrelskaya; horses - akhalteinskaya (breed), pERSHERON, RUSSIAN, BITYUG; Chickens - white Lezhgorn, Brama, Kohinchinskaya (breed); Geese - arzamass; Ducks - indian Runners; cows - holmogorka; dogs - bologna, Poodle.

3.28. Conditional names of goods and varieties of plants

3.28.1. Names of goods

The conditional names of grocery, perfumery, etc. The goods conclude in quotes and write from the capital letter. For example: russian cheese, candy "Red Cap, Chocolate" Inspiration "," Children's "soap, Malboro cigarettes.

The names of the grocery goods in domestic use are written from the lowercase letters. For example: We bought Poshekhonsky cheese, sandwiches with amateur sausage, Borodinsky bread and phantom.

3.28.2. Conditional names of species and varieties of plants, vegetables, etc.

Allocated with quotes and written from the lowercase letters. For example: strawberry Victoria, Tomato "Joseph Lovely", Pepin Lithuanian apples, Plum "Nikolskaya", Ozimy Rye "Ulyanovka", cucumbers "Golden Cocker", "Pyretno", Watermelon "Rosa Southeast", Eggplazhan "Donetsk Yarbina ".

Note. In special Lit. They write without quotes from the capital letter the first word after the generic name and their own names. For example: apple tree GRUTOSKA Early, Pear Michurinskaya Beauty, Cherry Vladimirskaya, Ohiva Tula black, Malina Malboro, Carrot Nanza, Potatoes Epicur, Wheat Dnieper-Rovska-521, Tulip Black Prince, Parma violet.

3.28.3. Generally accepted names of plants

They are written with a lowercase letter without quotes. For example: aloe, Antonovka, Pansies, Belladonna, White Pawing, Valerian, Victoria Regia, Grapefruit, Jute, Ivan-Da-Marya, Ivan Tea, Chinese, Cress Salad, Lenen Dolgian, Lilia Tiger, Maryan Root, Oats, Oatman meadow, paping, patissons, rye, celery, tulip, eucalyptus lemon, barley.

3.29. Wines, Mineral Waters

3.29.1. Varieties of wine

They are written with a lowercase letter without quotes. For example: Wines canteens: bordeaux, Burgundy, Cabernet, Kakheti, Mukuzani, Sapareli, Riesling, Cinandali; Desserts: Cahors, Madera, Marsala, Muscat, Portwine, Tokai, Jerez; Sparkling: donskoye, Russian, champagne and etc.

3.29.2. Conditional vintage names of wines

Consistent with quotes, the first word is written from the capital letter. For example: wines "Bull Blood", "Solar Valley", Portwine "Age-Shat", Champagne "Abrau-Durso".

3.29.3. Mineral water

Writing from a lowercase letter. For example: borjomi, Essentuki No. 17, Narzan, Slavyanovskaya.

3.30. Ships, trains, aircraft, cars

3.30.1. Conditional individual names

They are in quotes and are written from the capital letter. For example: armor Train "Death of the Enemy", the cruiser "Aurora", the icebreaker "Admiral Makarov", Maxim Gorky plane, Schooner "Running on the Waves", Express "Red Arrow".

3.30.2. Conditional names denoting machinery brands

They are in quotes and are written from the capital letter. For example: cars - "Volga", "Zhiguli", "Moskvich-412"; Combines - "Sibiryak", "Chersonet-7"; washing machines - "Vyatka", "Eureka"; tractor "Belarus"; Refrigerators - "Biryusa", "Saratov".

3.30.3. Official serial names of aircraft, foreign firms

They are written from the capital letter and are in quotes. For example: Boeing 707, Karavella, Leopard-2, Messerschmitt-109, Phantom, Fokke-Wulf-18, Heinkel-111, Junkers-88, Opel-Omega "," Rolls-Royce "," Jaguar "," Skoda 1000nb "," Mercedes E430 ".

3.30.4. Unofficial names of aircraft, cars

These names without digital designations in the non-immunological value transmitting speaking speech on the letter, it is customary to write from the lowercase letters in quotes. For example: "Moskvich", "Toyota", "Mercedes", "Boeing", "Phantom", "Cadillac", "Ford", but: "Volga", "Oka", "Lada", "Tavria" (coincide with their own names - personal and geographical), except for the name "Zhiguli".

Note. In domestic use, the names of the machines can be used without quotes, eg: arrived on an old Muscovite, on a luxurious Cadillac. Without quotes are also written by the conversational names of machines with diminishing suffixes, eg: muscovite, Zhigulenok, Fordik.

3.30.5. Serial designations of machines in the form of initial abbreviations combined with numbers, or no numbers

Such designations are written without quotes. For example: An-22, BelAZ, B-52, B-1, ZIL-114, GAZ-51, IL-18, KAMAZ, MAZ-500, TRACTER HTZ, TU-104, YAK-9, SU-30.

3.30.6. Means of conquest of cosmos

The conditional names conclude in quotes and write from the capital letter. For example: geophysical missile "Vertical-4", artificial satellite Earth "Space-1443", Space Ships "East-2", "Apollo-12", "Shuttle", Luna-3 interplanetary stations, Vena-7, orbital station "Mir", "Gemini", satellite Communication "Lightning-2".

3.30.7. Lists of conditional serial designations

If the text lists in a row several conditional serial designations of machines that differ only in numbers, then it is permissible to use the suspended hyphen. For example: "Mars-5 and -6", "Mars-1, -2, -4, -6", "Apollo-11 and -12", MAZ-500, -503, -504.

3.31. Capital letters in special stylistic use

3.31.1. Names in the texts of official documents, contracts, etc.

In a special stylistic use from the capital letters they are written. Menantive nouns, when they seek to transfer the particular high meaning ascribed to them. For example: Motherland, stepback, man, master, honor and etc.

3.31.2. Proponation You and Your

They are written from a capital letter as a form of polite appeal to one person in official documents, personal letters. For example: I ask you ..., We inform you ...

When applying to several persons, these pronouns are written from the lowercase letters. For example: dear colleagues, your letter ...

From the capital letters, the specified pronouns are also written in the questionnaires. For example: Where did you live before? The composition of your family.

1. In the compound names of the most important documents, state laws, the first word (and all the names of their own) are written from the capital letter: Constitution of the Russian. Federation, Erfurt Program, UN Charter, Decree on the World, State Budget of the Russian Federation, State Emblem of the Russian Federation, Russian True, Great Charter of Wolnities, Atlantic Charter; Treaty on friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance(preceding adjective, formed from the names of countries that concluded the contract written from the lowercase letter: russian-American treaty ...).

2. If the names of documents starting with the words: Treaty, Declaration, Fundamentalset al., in the subsequent text are given in abbreviated form, then the words mentioned above are written from the capital letter. For example:

On December 30, 1922, an agreement was signed on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In accordance with the agreement of the RSFSR, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian Federation, they united into a single union state.

3. In the names of monuments of antiques, objects and works of art, the first word (and all names are own) are written from the capital letter: Saint Isaac's Cathedral(but: cathedral of the Parisian Our Lady, the Temple of Vasily Blessed- The first word denotes a generic concept), san Marco Cathedral, St. Antonio Cathedral(in the names of the cathedrals, elements of San, Saint, etc. are written separately, unlike geographical names); Lavrentievsky chronicle; Colossus Rhodes, Apollo Belvedere, Aphrodite Book, Venus Milosskaya; The Sistine Chapel.

4. Names of musical works, starting with the ordinal numerical or digital designation, are written from the capital letter: Ninth Symphony of L. Beethoven, the second Ballad F. Chopin, the first concert for piano with the Orchestra P. I. Tchaikovsky, III concert for violin with the orchestra,as well as Concert number 3 for piano with orchestra.

5. In the names allocated by quotes artistic works and printing bodies The first word (and all names are own) written from the capital letter: roman "Fathers and Children", the story "Steppe", the story "Fat and Thin", the comedy "On all sages of pretty simplicity"; Opera "Zaporozhets for the Danube"; ballet "Sleeping Beauty"; Picture "Morning in a Pine Forest"; Newspapers "Labor", " TVNZ", "New York Times"; Magazines "Ogonyok", "New World", "Letras del Ekuador".

If the name consists of two titles connected by the Union, then the first word of the second name is also written from the capital letter: "Voivode, or Sleep on the Volga", "Chichikov's adventure, or dead souls", "Don Juan, or Stone Guest", News "United States Stats End Warld Ripst".

Note. The names of literary works used in the figurative value are written from the lowercase letters and without quotes: Our Odyssey approached the end.

6. In the foreign language names of information agencies, all words, except generic, are written from the capital letter: reuters Agency, United States Agency Press International, Agency Union Frances D'Enerformson.

7. In the names of the editions of the type Collected Works, Selected Worksthe first word is written from a capital letter if a specific edition is indicated. For example: In the full collection of works L. P. Tolstoy ...; Academic publication of the full assembly of writings A. S. Pushkin; That selected works of A. M. Gorky.

If we are talking about the type of publication, then its name is written from the lowercase letters. For example: In the collections of the compositions of Russian writers ...; It is planned to publish the elected works of Russian publicists.

8. In the names of the publishers, the first word is written from the capital letter: Children's literature publisher, Military Publishing House.

But if the name is conditional in nature and lies in quotes, the word publisher is written from the lowercase letter: publishing House "Enlightenment", "Higher School" Publishing House, publishing house "Olma-Press".

9. In the names scientific discoveries The generic name is written from the lowercase letters. For example:

botkin's disease

waves de Broglya

maxwell-cream chart

cauchy task

mariotta Law

integral Cauchy

comet Lexel

leaf Moebius

inequality Bessel

lamba Rutherford

permanent Boltzmanna

choose Bora.

rule Markovnikova

mach principle

konovalov reaction

lyapunov Theorem

bernoulli equation

formula Lorenz Lorentz

barnet Effect