Index WFA - 40r6
According to the codification of the USA and NATO - SA-21 GROWLER, literally "grouse"
Russian anti-aircraft rocket system of large and medium range, anti-aircraft rocket complex (SPK) of the new generation. Designed to destroy all modern and promising means of air-space attack. On April 28, 2007, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, VSus Triumph was adopted.
Description
The complex is capable of a range of up to 400 km to hit aerodynamic goals and at a distance of up to 60 km tactical ballistic goals flying at speeds of up to 4.8 km / s: winged rockets, tactical and strategic aircraft, ballistic missile warheads. The early detection radar provides a range of detection up to 600 km. Rockets are able to destroy low-fat targets at a height of 5 m (for comparison: the American Patriot complex is able to affect the goals only at a height of at least 60 m). It is possible to use several types of rockets with various starting mass and launch range, which allows you to create echelonized defense.
According to the Commander-in-law of the Air Force, "they can effectively reflect the massive towing of modern air attack towards intensive radio electronic suppression and perform a combat task in various weather conditions."
The control of the controls includes the EL BRUS-90MICRO series. The main developer is NGO "Almaz" them. Academician A. A. Plutnin. General Designer - Alexander Lemansky.
In the future, it may become a base for a missile defense system.
Composition of 40r6 system (C-400)
1. 30K6E controls as part of:
- Martial Control (PBU) 55k6e on the basis of Ural-5323 01.
-Dioletification complex (RLK) 91N6E. Panoramic radar with interference protection. Installed on MZKT-7930. Works in the decimeter range.
2. up to 6 zenith rocket complexes 98Zh6E. Maximum 10 goals with 20 missiles on them, each in composition:
- Non-functional radar (MRLS) 92N2E 400 km distance. 100 targets.
- 12 Transport and launchers (TPU) type 5p85te2 and / or 5p85ce2 on the trailer.
3. Anti-aircraft missiles 48n6e, 48n6e2, 48n6e3 existing S-300PMU SPM1 ,? 2, as well as 9m96e and 9m96e2 missiles and ultra-large range rocket 40n6e.
4. Complex funds technical support Systems 30c6e.
Own Radar Systems S-400: Noiseless Radar Circular Review with Bilateral Phazted Active Grid (Headlights)
Possible elements S-400 (98ZH6E): 15I6ME - to move to the distance 98ZH6E 30/60/90 km from 30k6e. The acquisition detector 96l6e is a universal complex (all functions), a distance of discovery of 300 km. 40B6M - tower for 92n6e or 96l6e. Anti-stealth radar: opponent-GE, Gamma de. Passive sensor (locator) for the target designation on the electoral air defense system (coordinate 1 of 3), the autobaza-M of the passive sensor (locator) for the target designation on the air defense system (coordinate 2 remaining 3). It is possible to use the S-200D "Dubna" rockets of 400 km. As well as various (versions P) S-300 radar system without the participation of additional control centers and control. It is possible to use Rocket C-300. A-50 / 50U Early warning aircraft, command and transfer management of target designation.
The control system 30K6E can control:
System C-400 Triumph 98ZH6E;
-S-300PMU2 (through the 83M6E2 control system);
-C-300PMU1 (through the 83M6E control system);
-Tor-M1 through Ranzhir-M Mobile Command Post;
Poles-C1 through KP shell;
Radar 96L6E / 30K6E system administration, opponent-GE, Gamma de. The ability to integrate with 92H6E Radar system for ensuring each battery for:
Baikal-u senior command items and other similar;
-In the availability zone (30-40 km) 30k6e, 83m6e and 83m6e2 control systems;
-To-D4M1 command post;
- Command Point of Air Force.
For export deliveries to coordination with foreign clients, equipment is possible to integrate the 30K6E control system in the customer protection system.
Components
Maximum range for detection. For a ballistic goal (speed 4800 m / s and an effective scattering area of \u200b\u200b0.4 m2): 230 km. For target with EPR 4 m2: 390 km. For the orientation of strategic aircraft: 570 km.
Maximum height for detecting target 100 km in any direction. You can apply the tower 966AA14. High capabilities against winged rockets and stealth. RRS with multipath phased antenna grille 96l6e radar and hardware block on removal 100 m, 96L6E2 export option. 100 targets. Independent on the reflection of the signal by the mountains. Replaces low-rise radar radar and circular review and sector, without excluding stealth. Can perform KP functions for S-300 or C-400 battalions. 96L6-1 from S-400 and S-500. Maximum height for detecting target 100 km in any direction. You can apply the tower 966AA14. High capabilities against winged rockets and stealth. RLS with multipath phased antenna grille
Command Center PBU 55K6E
Automatic work serves as a command center for the entire system (all battalions and all external resources, including passive). The maximum distance between the command center and the 98ZH6E battalion with the use of repeaters up to 100 km.
Starting settings 5P85TE2 / 5P85SE2 on the trailer.
5p85Te2 Starting and / or 5p85Se2 on the trailer in combination with Baz-64022 or MAZ-543 M tractor with a trailer. The possibility of free movement on the ground. Fuel consumption - 35%. The total cost of the carrier rocket is 25% (the cost of cars in 2014 is 8.7 million rubles)
Rocket
The special order of the President of the Russian Federation disclosed five indices of anti-aircraft missiles, which can run VSC C-400, - 48n6e, 48n6e2, 48n6enez, 9m96e2, 40n6e.
index Grau |
Year |
Right, km |
Heights, KM. |
Engine operation time, c. |
Maximum speed, m / c |
The speed of affected goals, m / s |
Length, M. |
Diameter, mm. |
Mass, kg. |
Mass combat part, kg |
Control |
| 48Н6E / 48N6. | 1992 | 150 | 12 | until 2100. | 7,5 | 519 | 1800-1900 | 143-145 | |||
| 48Н6E2 / 48N6M | 1992 | 200 | until 2100. | 2800 | 7,5 | 519 | 1800-1900 | 150 | Semi-active radar self-adjustment with radio | ||
| 48H6E3 / 48N6-2 / 48N6DM | ? | 250 | 0,01-27 | up to 2500, average 1340 | 4800 | 7,5 | 519 | 1800-1900 | 180 | Semi-active radar self-adjustment with radio | |
| 9m96e2 / 9m96m not export | 1999 | 120/1-135 | 0,005-30/0,005-35 | 1000 | 240 | 420 | 24 | ||||
| 9M96E. | 40 | 20 | 333 | Active radar homing | |||||||
| 40N6E. | 2015 | up to 400. | 185 | Active / semi-active homing |
Rocket 9M96M When starting one rocket, ensures the probability of interception of the tactical aircraft - 0.9, UAV - 0.8. It is capable of maneuvering with overload 20g at an altitude of up to 35 km, which significantly increases the possibilities of interception of ballistic missiles of medium and low-distance. Maximum overload in the 22G mannere for 48H6E3, the mass of the combat part 180 kg.
Test
On July 12-13, 2007, firing targets were held at the Kapustin Yar polygon. The first target is shot down at a speed of 2800 m / s, the second Kaban target rocket was discovered, and then destroyed at an altitude of 16 km.
On February 18, 2011, two divisions of the C-400 210 took part in the audit of new techniques. zenith-rocket shelf, destroyed target at a speed of 550 m / s.
In August 2013, the C-400 tests were first conducted within the framework of tactical teaching.
Deployment
Deploying in Russia
On August 6, 2007, the first division armed with an anti-aircraft missile system (VIS) S-400 "Triumph" took over in the city of Elektrostal of the Moscow region to combat duty. In 2009, the Second Division was added to him, together with the first 606th Guards anti-aircraft missile regiment (only 16 PU).
On May 16, 2011, the second regiment was interviewed on duty, equipped with S-400 Sprint, - 210th anti-aircraft missile regiment in the city of Dmitrov (2 divisions, each 8 launchers).
As of January 29, 2014, only 5 C-400 regiments were formed, namely: in the Moscow region, in the Baltic and Pacific Fleets and in the Southern Military District. The composition of each shelf includes two S-400 divisions to eight launchers in each.
12 regiments / 25 divisions / 200 PU for 2015 posted:
1. 2 divisions in 4 DFSO VNTO 606 SIR (Elektrostal) Mos. obl., (In 2007, the first division will be deployed, in 2009 the second division was delivered);
2. 2 divisions in 5 DFSP VSKO 210 SIR (Dmitrov) Mos. region, (deployed in 2011);
3. 2 divisions in 5 DFSO VNTO 93 SIR (Zvenigorod) Mos. region, (deployed in 2012);
4. 2 divisions in 93 DFS 589 Air Force and Air Defense (Nakhodka) (deployed in 2012);
5. 2 divisions in 44 dfvO 183 SIR BF (Kaliningrad) (deployed in 2013);
6. 2 divisions in 51 DfvO 1537 SIR Air Force and air defense (Novorossiysk) (deployed in 2013);
7. 2 Division in 4 DfvO 549 SIRP VKP (Kurilovo) Mos. obl., 4th regiment in the Moscow region (deployed in 2014);
8. 2 divisions in 1 dfvO 531 SRI SEX "North" (polar) (deployed in 2014);
9. 3 Division in 53 DFO 1532 SIRP Tof (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky), differs from previously delivered by the presence of 24 PU (3 divisions), deployed in 2015;
10. 2 divisions in 41 dfvO 590 Air Force and air defense SPP (Novosibirsk) (the first regimental set, delivered in 2015);
11. 2 divisions in the 2nd Air Defense Division (Leningrad Region) (the second regimental set, delivered in 2015);
12. 2 divisions in 93 dfvO 1533 Air Force and Air Defense SIR (Vladivostok) (third regimental set, delivered in 2015)
Plans to post a S-400 Sprink "Triumph" on the New Earth archipelago.
According to the plans, in 2016 5 regimental sets will be delivered.
In just 2020, it is planned to purchase 56 divisions; For the defense of Moscow up to four regiments of the C-400 by 2020 (the fourth regiment in the Mos. region was deployed in 2014). Armed forces Since 2014, Russia since 2014 will receive two to three regimental set of S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems per year with an increase in the pace. There is an acquisition of 28 second-hand sets of C-400.
Deploying in Syria
On November 26, 2015, the S-400's anti-aircraft missile system was deployed in Syria in the Russian air base "Hmeimim" in Latakia and passed on duty. The transfer occurred with the help of Ruslan's military transport aircraft from the composition of one of the Moscow region regiments.
It consists in arms
Russia - 12 regiments / 25 divisions / 200 PU as of December 1, 2015.
- Alzhir - according to unconfirmed data of the 3-4 regiment for July 2015.
-KNR - on the conclusion of the contract was officially announced in April 2015, supplies, presumably, will begin in 2017.
-Ind - in November 2015, it was announced the conclusion of an agreement on the supply of India complexes of the C-400 in the amount of about 10 billion dollars. The official conclusion of the contract is planned during the visit to Moscow Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which is expected in December 2015.
Evaluation of the project
According to the study of the Australian Analytical Center for Air Power Australia, published in February 2009, the C-400 significantly exceeds the American Patriot air defense systems.
On June 28, 2012, the commander of the air defense troops of the air-space defense forces of the Russian Federation, Major General Andrei Dyumin, said that the new long-distance rocket for the S-400 anti-aircraft missile systems had already passed the tests, soon it would go into troops.
| Maximum target speed, km / s | 4,8 |
| Detection range, km | 600 |
| Borders covert zone by range, km -maximum -minimum |
|
| Borders of cover zone in height from aerodynamic purposes (2015, km) -maximum -minimum |
27 (by any rockets) / 30 to 56 (2015, potentially until 185) km (40H6) 0.005 (9m96) / 0,010 (by any rockets) |
| Borders covered zone by range from all available ballistic missiles, km -maximum -minimum |
60 5 |
| The maximum shelled purposes are at the same time | 80 (until 2012 - 36) |
| Attached on the purpose of missiles maximum | 160 |
| Readiness for battle when receiving a team while moving, minutes | 5 (in 2010 - 10-15) |
| Readiness, minutes | 0.6 from standby / deposited on the ground 3 |
| Continuous work hours | 10 000 |
| Service life -Components -Rhet |
minimum 20. 15 |
| Russia |
The anti-aircraft missile complex C-400 "Triumph" is intended to defeat aircraft-leisure aircraft, aircraft radar detection and management, aircraft expminers, aircraft of strategic and tactical aviation, tactical, operational-tactical ballistic missiles, middle-range ballistic missiles, hypersonic purposes and other Modern and promising air attacks.
S-400 SPC was created on the basis of existing Russian C-300 complexes, however, it has significantly large tactical and technical capabilities in comparison with these systems - both in the zone and efficiency, and by the variety of affected goals. The evaluation complex conducted by the developers revealed that, according to the criterion "Efficiency - Cost", the new SPK provides a winnings of 2.5 times compared with the existing technique. Triumph "is the only system that can selectively work using several types of rockets - both olders who are in early developments (C-300PMU-1, C-300PMU-2) and new ones created lately. Having in the baseline 4 types of rockets with various starting mass and the starting distance, the C-400 allows you to create an echelonized anti-air defense, expand the zones of the complex's damage, and also has great prospects for further modernization.
The high degree of automation of all phases of combat work, the modern element base has significantly reduced the service personnel of VRS C-400. The principles of construction and an extensive communication system of the "four hundred" means allow you to integrate it into different control levels not only for the Air Force, but also other types of armed forces.
The head developer of the complex is the Central Design Bureau "Almaz" (General Designer A. Lemansky). The development cooperation includes leading enterprises of the Russian defense industry - the ICD "Torch", the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Measuring Devices, KB of Special Mechanical Engineering (St. Petersburg) and a number of others.
The S-400 anti-aircraft missile system was adopted by the Russian army by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 28, 2007. On August 6, 2007, the first division took over the combat duty in Elektrostal Moscow region.
In the West, the complex received the designation SA-20.
Structure
In the basic embodiment of the S-400 anti-aircraft missile complex, the structure of the C-300 type is preserved, which includes multifunctional radar, start-up installations, offline means of detection and targeting. However, new complex Controls provide significantly large channels for purposes.
The composition of VIS "Triumph" includes:
- Controls 30K6E:
- martial control point 55k6e;
- RLS discovery 91n6e.
- Anti-aircraft missile systems 98zh6e (up to 6 pcs.) As part of:
- Multifunctional radar control 92n2e;
- Starting settings 5p85te2 and / or 5p85ce2 (up to 12 pcs.)
- Anti-aircraft missiles 48n6e, 48n6e2, 48n6e3 existing SP - 300pm SPM - 1, - 2, as well as 9m96e and 9m96e2 rockets (see photo) and a super-large range rocket 40n6e.
- Optional toe products:
- promotional radar 96l6e;
- mobile tower 40B6M for antenna post 92n6e.
All processes of combat work - detection, track support, the distribution of goals between anti-aircraft missile complexes (SPC), their capture, escort and identification, choose a type of rockets, prepare them for starting, start, capture and guidance missiles on targets, evaluation of shooting results, - Automated.
The command center VIS has a radar 91H6E, which creates a radar field in the system of the system and the detection, and the detection, and the definition of the state affiliation of all types of targets in the amount of hundreds of units. The 91N6E detection radar operates in the circular view mode, is a three-way, noise immunity. This radar has an important dignity in comparison with land-based radar duty and combat modes, it is equipped with a two-dimensional scanning beam headlights.
According to the RLS detection, the command posts distribute goals between the controlled anti-aircraft missile complexes of the system provides them with appropriate target designations, and also interacts with the SPC in conditions of massive raids of air attacks at various heights of their combat use, in the situation of intensive radiopectiveness. The VIS command center may also receive additional track information about the objectives of the higher command items, which are closed by terrestrial radars of duty and combat modes, or directly from these radar, as well as onboard radars of aviation complexes. The complexation of radar information obtained in various wave ranges is most appropriate in conditions of intensive radio counter. KP VSS "Triumph" has the ability to control simultaneously to 8 SPC.
SPK is equipped with mono-pulse four-coordinate sectoral multifunctional radar (MFLS) 92N2E. The combined Sur control system is used in the SRC, consisting of an inertial control system on most of the trajectory and homing heads (GOS) on the site of rapprochement with a view. This allows in the inertial control stage to release the channels of the multifunctional radar from the Sur accompaniment function and increase the number of simultaneously accompanied and shelled targets. The use of the heads of active homing frees the IFRLS from the accompaniment and illumination of the target on the homing site, which also expands the capabilities of the radar in the number of accompanied targets. It is planned to use promising complexed active-semi-active GSNs, which also have a passive reception channel capable of searching not only the frequency of the received signal, but also search for targets by corner coordinates.
On one start-up installation, four rockets of super-large range (up to 400 km), designed to defeat the DRL aircraft, air teams, RES airplanes, strategic bombers and ballistic goals with a maximum speed of more than 3000 m / s. It will be able to destroy aircraft outside the radio abuse of land locators. The need to lesion of the contiguous goals required the installation on the rocket of a fundamentally new head of homing (GOS), developed by the Central Diamond CCR, which can work both in a semi-effective and active mode. In the latter case, the rocket after a set of height on the command from the Earth is translated into the search mode and, finding the goal, is on it yourself.
In another embodiment, the launcher's equipment is four transport - launcher containers with four 9m96e or 9m96e2 type rockets in each. These rockets are able to affect all existing and promising rocket and aviation tools on middle distances. In its purpose, Zur 9M96E / 9M96E2 is similar to foreign "Patriot" Ras-3, "Aster-30", but significantly exceed them in efficiency.
Rockets 9M96E and 9M96E2 are fully unified for interspecific use in air defense systems both the Air Force and the Navy. A significant decrease in the size and mass of these missiles made it possible to place them for four rockets in containers cassettes with similar dimensions with containers in which there are rockets included in various options S-300PMA and Reef Sprink - 5V55P, 48N6E, 48H6E2, 48N6E3. Such an increase in the ammunition predetermines the significantly greater flexibility of the use of missiles, it makes it possible to effectively resist the depletion of the ammunition of the air defense complex by using the enemy of massaged attacks with high-precision rockets or their imitation remotely manned aircraft.
9m96e2 optimized to combat high-precision weapons, wrapping rockets and ballistic goals, including low-rise. It does not just destroy air targets, but also undermines their combat part. The likelihood of defeating one rocket of the given goals without taking into account operational reliability is:
- not less than 0.9 for manned purposes, including those implemented according to Strels technology, barragging and maneucer maneuver;
- not less than 0.8 for unmanned purposes, including those who make an anti-transparent maneuver (with a probability of at least 0.7, accompanied by the destruction of their combat load).
Control 9M96E2 - combined. For the most part of the flight path to the target, the rocket control is made using the on-board inertial system using the information of the ground radar on the coordinates of the target entered into the on-board equipment 9M96E2 with ground means of the SPC before starting and corrected during the flight of the correction radar. At the final portion of the flight, the rocket is controlled by the data generated by the active radar head of the homing head.
The range of lesion of the target of the 9M96E2 rocket is 120 km, and the height of the lesion is from 5m to 30 km, mass - 420 kg. The time of preparing the rocket to the launch when it is located on the PU not more than 8 seconds. Assigned service life - 15 years. This period can be extended after the technical survey of 9M96E2 in the locations of their operation.
9m96e and 9m96e2 are completely unified in the composition of onboard equipment, combat equipment and design, the 9M96E rocket differs from 9m96e2 in print characteristics. The range of target is 40 km, and the height of the lesion is 20 km, weight - 333 kg. The engine power in 9m96 is less than 9m96e2, but they almost do not differ in size and mass.
The main feature of modern air defense and pro is the need to destroy the battle load of the attack funds, i.e. The result of the interception should be, for example, the guaranteed elimination of the likelihood of the incidence of a combat loading of the attacking rocket in the area of \u200b\u200bthe defendant object. It is possible to completely eliminate this feature only if the combat load is deprived of the combat load in the process of its intercepting an anti-aircraft missile. In turn, a similar result can be achieved as by direct rocket entering the combat part of the target, and with a combination of sufficiently small mischief and effective impact on the purpose of the energy of the combat part of the anti-aircraft missile.
Unlike its foreign analogues, 9m96e and 9m96e2 use a "cold" vertical start - before launching the march engine, they are thrown out of the container to a height of more than 30 meters. During the rise on this height, the rocket with the help of the gas-dynamic system is inclined towards the target. After launching the route in the initial and middle sections of the flight path, inertial control with a radio location is used (which makes it possible to achieve maximum noise immunity), and directly in the process of interception of the target - active radar homing. If you need to intensive maneuvering before the meeting point for the rocket, it is capable of implementing supermuneranence mode, for which a gas-dynamic control system is used. This system allows for 0.025 to increase the aerodynamic overload of the rocket by order of 20 units. It should be noted that the use of the super-supersonality system of rockets 9M96E and 9M96E2 along with increased targeting accuracy allows you to implement the trajectories of the guidance that improves the conditions for the meeting of the rocket with a view to increasing the efficiency of the use of combat equipment of anti-aircraft missiles.
9m96e and 9m96e2 are equipped with a 24-kilogram fragmentation combat part with a controlled lesion field. Creating for missiles 9M96E and 9M96E2 information provided managed combat equipment has become another direction of increasing the effectiveness of the defeat of modern air attack. Such combat equipment is focused on defeating goals with the "stopping" effect (destruction of the structure) when intercepting manned targets and for the defeat (neutralization) of combat load when intercepting unmanned purposes. Combat equipment rockets is controlled by a radio drive, which uses to adapt to the conditions of the meeting with the aim of all information available on board. The radio transceiver determines the moment of undermining the combat part, which must be strictly agreed with the rates of fragments of fragments for covering the vulnerable part of the target and the direction in which it is necessary to provide a fragments with increased expansion rates. The directional emission of fragments is carried out by using a controlled fragmentation fugasal combat part with a multipoint initiation system. This system on the radio drive command on the triggering of the combat part in the controlled mode (if there is information about the injection phase), it causes the initiation of its charge in the appropriate to the required direction of the peripheral points of the undermination. As a result, the energy explosion energy is redistributed in a given direction and throwing the main part of the fragmentation field with an increased rate toward the target. In the absence of information about the Promach phase, the central bomor of the combat part with a symmetric split is realized.
The new important characteristics of the VIS "Triumph" are:
- information pairing with a large number of existing and developed sources of information of ground, air and space-based information;
- the use of a basic-modular construction principle that allows you to meet the specific requirements for systems when applying in the Air Force, Navy and Ground Forces;
- the possibility of integrating into existing and promising management systems for air defense units not only for Air Force, but also military air defense air defense, forces and fuel response.
One of the additional sources of information for VIS "Triumph" is the aircraft complex of the radar watch and guidance (AK RLDN). According to the existing concept, the AK RLDN has exploited an air enemy in order to ensure the fighting of fighter aircraft and the VIS of long-range action. In addition, AK RDDN, which have an increased vitality compared to land-based radar, is used to build up and operational recovery of the radar field.
The type of AK RDDN in the Russian Federation includes the A-50 complex and its modernization of the A-50U with the radio engineering complex (RTK) of the coherent type "Shmel-M". The antenna circular survey system installed above the Fuselage of the IL-76 aircraft allows you to detect with high resolution air objects in a wide range of flight heights, control fighters and exchange combat information with them. The development of promising AK RDDN based on the use of various types of RTK is envisaged.
Reached during the development of VIS "Triumph" Scientific and technological breakthroughs ensure the real possibility of transition to the development and production of a new weapon class - integrated information and fuel and anti-aircraft missile systems.
Integrating information and fuel and Air Force systems into a unified system can be carried out in the following options:
creating an information-firing system in which information Support CP VSS is carried out by all terrestrial and airborne aircraft, and the control of Poaked Zur is carried out according to its own MFLS information (IOS-I);
the creation of an information-firing system in which information support is carried out by all the means listed above, but the management of Poaked Zur is carried out on external information (IOS-II);
the creation of an information-firing system in which the information support is carried out by all the same means, but the control of Poaked Zur is carried out from the fighter (IOS-III).
IOS-I, II, III can be considered as the stages of creating a full-scale integrated IP; In a full-scale integrated IOS, they can be considered as modes of operation depending on the developing situation. General problematic issues in the creation of these systems are the issues of ensuring the CP VSS combat information that meets the requirements of accuracy, discreteness, completeness and time of its issuing.
For IOS-I, this problem is not key, as it provides for the work of VIS for its own information. The achieved level of provision of ground items, including CP VSS, aircraft aircraft and information onboard means of fighters, is quite high and practically can meet the requirements of the CP VIS "Triumph" to solve the problem under consideration.
For IOS-II, the main sources of information may be the BRLS fighters and AK RDDN. So, lowering the issues of accuracy, discreteness and completeness of issuing information from the KRMS of fighters on KP VSS "Triumph", on the basis of preliminary estimates it can be said that on the balance of the shooting time zur for the maximum range of information from fighters is possible during the fighter searchers, and the range The detection of the attacked target goal is practically at the maximum range of BRLS. The times and range of issuance of information from fighters can be reduced if the attacked targets will be opened with the RLS VSS after starting Zur. However, such interaction is the VSA at this stage seems quite difficult, since before and after the start of Zur it is difficult to predict the possibility of opening the goal with its own intelligence means of VRS.
When interception of targets with low radar notice, interception in interference conditions, objectives of the KR type, when shooting for radiorizont, information support from AK RDDN and fighters may be in the issuance of information on the coordinates of the goals, the sector of their flight relative to the CP VSS, which can be used by the VSI tools for Early opening of plaque, clarification of classes and types of goals and guidance on them Zur.
The most complex is the creation of IOS-III, requiring both the solutions of the above problems and the problems of controlling Zur from the board of fighters-interceptor. The problem of controlling Zur from the board of fighters requires solving fundamentally new tasks, including:
solving the problem of preparing the source data for starting Zur on external information;
choosing the moment of starting Zur;
transmission of Zur control system of the fighter weapon control system;
management of Zur on the trajectory from the fighter to the target defeat, the control of Zur's transition to homing and controlling the results of shooting;
providing multichannel control.
The key problems in the implementation of the IOS-W implementation lie in the development of a SUO fighter, its informational and aiming system and BRLS, communication systems and Sur control systems.
There are several directions for solving this problem as a whole.
A full-scale and reliable solution from the point of view of the implementation of maximum fighting is the creation of a combined Sur control system, which includes inertial management at the initial portion of the flight, the radioocorrection of Zur on the trajectory, semi-effective homing and active homing at the final stage. Combinations are possible in the management system, but in general such a decision corresponds to a number of requirements inherent in the integration of the Fire Systems of the VIS - IA in terms of control of Zur from the board of fighters. A fundamentally such a control system provides for the exact knowledge of the phase coordinates of Zur on board the fighter, which can be provided with the presence of an inertial system on board Zur and the fighter-zur system - a fighter. It is advisable in the management system of the VISC to work on the installation of a high-precision inertial system on board Zur, as well as the issues of realizing the semi-effective homing of ZUR when the goal is backlived from the fighter. It can be expected that the greatest efficiency and performance of the IOS-III will achieve with the implementation of the maximum start of the launch of ZUR and, accordingly, the maximum range of the KRMS of fighters, which, when organizing the interaction of VIS - IA, requires the choice of rational zones of fighter duty.
The Process of Interaction of the VIS "Triumph" with IA, with their joint actions, should include significant participation of parties of combat settlements of the CP VSS and CP IAP (Mon IA) in the distribution of subordinate tools and ensuring the safety of fighter flights in the Fire zones of VIS.
Possible directions of improving the efficiency of interaction of IA and the safety of aviation actions in the prosecution zones of the prospective VIS "Triumph" are:
improving the automation of work processes;
the interaction of CP VSS with several Aviation CPs and Mon IA;
expansion of information transmitted to CP VSS.
The implementation of the proposed concept of creating information and fuel systems will give a significant economic gain, as it will reduce the costs at all stages of the life cycle of systems, including by optimizing the processes of development and production based on the use of advanced design solutions, deeper unification of funds. At the stage of operation, it is possible to reduce the number of personnel and the cost of equipment of troops by eliminating unnecessary control links and automation systems.
Tactical and technical characteristics
| Target detection distance, km | 600 |
| The number of simultaneously accompanied tracks goals | up to 300. |
| RLS Review Area (Azimuth x Corner Places, Hoody: - aerodynamic goals - Ballistic goals |
360 x 14. 60 x 75. |
| Distance lesion zone, km: - aerodynamic goals - Ballistic goals |
2-240 7-60 |
| Height of affected target, km: - minimal - Maximum |
0.01 30 |
| Maximum speed of affected target, m / c | 4800 |
| The number of simultaneously shelled targets (full VSC) | 36 |
| The number of at the same time indoor missiles (full of VRS) | 72 |
| Deployment time VIS from march, min | 5-10 |
| Time to bring the system of the system in combat readiness from the deployed state, min. | 3 |
| Working in the system to overhaul, h | 10000 |
| Operational service life, years: - terrestrial tools - Zenitite managed rockets |
Not less than 20. 15 |
VSC C-400 ("Triumph") was adopted by the air-space forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 2007. The main developer of this air defense system is the Diamond CCB.
Purpose, TTX, C-400 fighting
In accordance with the combat destination of the C-400, the objects of its defeat are aircraft DROL type "Avaks", aircraft intelligence and radio electronic combat, ballistic missiles, winged rockets, strategic and tactical aircraft aircraft and other means of air-space attack of the likely opponent.
Constructive features VSS C-400
The basis for the creation of this air defense unit served as VSC C-300, covered by the air borders of our Motherland for more than 30 years. During the test, it was found that the C-400 is more effective than C-300 2.5 times. The new air defense agent is distinguished from the old (but still fully appropriate to modern requirements):
automation of processes: detection, capture, accompanying purposes, choosing a type of rocket, preparation for starting, launching, guiding missiles on the purpose and assessment of starting results;
higher distance detection and defeat goals and a number of other parameters.
As in the C-300, in the triumph anti-missile system, the vertical start of anti-aircraft controlled missiles (zur) is used with an emission of them 30 meters upwards and then focusing towards the target. Rocket control in the target target process at different stages of flight is ensured with maximum noise immunity. The rocket is equipped with a radar and control unit, which allows it to command from the guidance station to switch to self-search mode, intercept the goals and guide them without interfering with the Earth. The rocket is equipped with a gas-dynamic control system, which is capable of performing maneuver immediately before meeting. This allows a rocket to make the meeting conditions with the goal of the most favorable to effectively defeat the object.
Zur is equipped with a combat part weighing 24 kg and have the ability to automatically adjust the direction of the undermining. When the rocket approaches approaches the target, the radio transceiver analyzes their position relative to each other. In the case of a missing rocket past the target, the radio transceiver redistributes the point of undermining the combat part in such a way that the explosion energy is as much as possible towards the target, and the emission of affluent elements occurred towards the object. 
A distinctive feature of the new VIS is its ability to use various types of zur for the destruction of air objects, both old and new sample, differing by their starting mass and a lesion range. The basic version of VIS has 4 types of rockets.
Zur used in the C-400 has the highest likelihood of damage to the objectives of the currently similar air defense systems: the likelihood of damage to the pilotable objects is 0.9, unmanned objects - 0.8.
All elements of the system are placed on the wheeled database of high passability. The technical characteristics of the system allow its transportation with water, rail and air transport.
An important feature of the VIS is the possibility of its integration into others information Systemsreceiving information about the air opponent.
The C-400 is not a "dead-end" model, as it is possible to further modernize it in the direction of improving the characteristics and increase combat qualities.
Main technical characteristics VSS C-400
VIS "Triumph" in its tactical and technical characteristics exceeds any similar system in the world. The maximum range of detection of the objectives of this system is up to 600 km, and the range of their lesion is from 2 to 400 km, while the ballistic missiles is able to destroy from 7 to 60 km away. C-400 is able to affect objects moving with almost space speed - up to 4.8 km / s. An important feature of the system is its ability to hit targets at different heights - from 5 m to 30 km (that is, in the Stratosphere of the Earth). VIS Tryuf has the ability to simultaneously shoot a shelling up to 36 goals. C-400, located in a hiking state, is deployed in 5-10 minutes, and in 3 minutes is provided in combat readiness. The service life of the VIS "Triumph" is 20 years. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to summarize that in the case of a military threat, the VIS "Triumph", if necessary, will affect the goals taken away from airfields far beyond Russia in the territory of neighboring states.
Composition VSS C-400
The C-400 VSC consists of the following elements:
- Controls:
- point of combat management;
- Radar complex.
- Up to 6 SPK, each of which consists of:
- RLS range up to 400 km;
- up to 12 transport and starting plants.
- Delivered funds:
- technical support complex;
- Mobile tower for antenna post.
The relationship between the elements of the VIS is provided using radio media, and when placed on the spot - via wired communication channels by laying telephone lines between the machines, which ensures the control of the control.
First World War showed the effectiveness of bomber aviation to destroy the strategic objects of the enemy and the echelonized defense. Also for the first time, light biplans were used, equipped with machine guns of a rifle caliber that worked like a living force.
To counteract a new threat at an accelerated pace, funds of anti-air defense began to be developed.
Brief TTH C-400
The first samples of similar products were asparencies from machine guns installed on a special flaws. For ease of fire on the aircraft of the enemy, the elevation angle has been increased. Because of this feature of the location of the trunks, such installations began to be called "anti-aircraft".
The first samples of the prick Despite all the horrors of the first world, the use of aviation in it was very limited. The real flourishing of this kind of troops occurred in the mid-30s of the 20th century. Heavy and medium bomber, attack aircraft, various fighters appeared.
The heights and speed of the flight increased - simple machine-gun anti-aircraft guns could not reach them. To combat aviation, the trunny artillery of large caliber began to use.
German engineers were particularly distinguished. In 1945, Berlin from allied raids defended 128-mm guns with conveyor type charging machines, which gave the installation of monstrous rapidity.
Military aviation With rocket engines equipped with zKR Closer to the end of World War II, fighters appeared in German Air Force jet engines. The most successful model turned out to be ME. 262 "Schwalbe". The speed of the device exceeded most of all aircraft of that time and precisely on the basis of its engines began to develop their analogues in the USSR, USA and other countries of the Anti-Hitler coalition.
Also, the USSR trophies received FAU-1 and FAU-2, as well as drawings with their design and a number of German specialists who worked on this project. In the consequence, this technology was based on a fundamentally new rocket and anti-aircraft complex C-25, which was the basis for the forces of Moscow air defense, and then the whole country.
To cover the larger territory and rapidly moving across the territory of the entire country, in the late 50s of the 20th century, the development of a promising rocket and anti-aircraft complex C-75, delivered to a mobile chassis, began. Development was conducted by NGO Diamond. On the this moment In service with the Russian army, the C-300 complexes and C-400 "Triumph" are facing (the characteristic is described in detail below).
S-400 anti-missile missile complex History of the creation of an anti-aircraft missile system S-400
S-400 SPC was fully developed by NPO Diamond. The complex is designed for use in the most different conditions: day, at night, with radioelectronic struggle And in different climatic zones. First of all, he is aimed at combating opponent aircraft and rockets of different classes.
the distance on which the ZKR is able to hit frequent times
In the late 1980s, there was a need for a complex that could affect frequency targets at a distance of 400 kilometers. It was originally planned for such purposes to modernize the outdated C-200 settings, but later it was decided to develop a new system.
The basis of the C-300P complex took the basis. The C-400 characteristic at the request of military customers was refined during intermediate tests.
The main difference between the C-300 and C-400 (the characteristics of the latter caused a flurry of indignation in NATO) is the larger coverage area and the possibility of using ZUR (anti-aircraft controlled triumph missiles), both already standing in service and promising options capable of bringing down the air KP ( Command points), Rab aircraft and strategic aviation aircraft at a distance of 400 km.
According to the basic characteristics, the rockets used in C-400 show more than double efficiency, compared with foreign counterparts - Aster and Patriot.
The main tests of new missiles for a promising complex took place on the territory of the Kapustina Yar polygon. Most of the tests ended in 2001, and in 2006 the resulting tests of the rocket, able to hit and physically destroy the warhead of the ballistic goal.
In 2008, the first S-400 combat shooting was held on the same landfill. The target was moving at a speed of 2.8 kilometers per second, which did not prevent it from intercepting and destroying. After the test, the complex was admitted for air defense forces.
"Triumph" became on combat duty in 2007. The location of the deployment of the first complex is the city of Elektrostal, located in close proximity to Moscow. Since then, every year the power of air defense is expanding on 1-2 shelf equipped with this SPC. Also "Triumph" is posted in the Murmansk region.
"Triumph" became on combat duty in 2007.
The range of action allows you to control aircraft of the Norway Air Force, starting with the country's military airfields. Part of the collected C-400 collected in Russia is exported.
Tactical and technical characteristics (TTX) Rocket complex C-400
Tactical specifications Rocket complex C-400 "Triumph":
| Potential target detection | 600 km |
| Maximum speed of affected target | 4.8 km / s |
| Minimum and maximum lesion distance | 2-400 km |
| Minimal I. maximum height Affected object (aerodynamic purposes) | 5 m-35 km |
| Minimum and maximum cover from ballistic and winged missiles | 5 km-60 km |
| The number of simultaneously shelled goals | 80 pieces (1 SPK - 10 goals, 8 complexes under the Single Management Command Center) |
| The number of missiles on purpose | 160 (each SPK - 20 missiles, all complexes are combined under the command of the command item) |
| Rocket speed with 400 triumph | 18 500 km / h |
| Time scanning in combat position, readiness for work on goals | 5 minutes |
| Readiness for battle in standby mode | 30 seconds |
| Resource wear time before the need for overhaul | 10,000 hours |
| Guaranteed Rocket Service / Other Components | 15 years / more than 20 years |
Types of affected purposes.
Excellent TTX with 400 triumph, whose characteristics allow you to be guaranteed to shoot down the goals specified in the table.
| Type of technology | Maximum speed, km / h | |
| Radio-e-struggle aircraft | ||
|
EA-6 | 980 |
|
1272 | |
| Aviation of strategic destination | ||
 |
B-52. | 952 |
 |
2665 | |
 |
B-1B. | 2300 |
| Intelligence aircraft | ||
 |
TR-1. | 682 |
| Airplanes equipped with RLS systems | ||
 |
E-2C. | 598 |
 |
E-3A. | 853 |
| Fighters and interceptors | ||
 |
F-22. | 2410 |
 |
F-35 | 1930 |
| Invisible aircraft | ||
 |
993 | |
 |
B-2. | 1010 |
| Winged rockets | ||
 |
||
 |
To sound speed (approximately 2500) | |
| Aerobalistic rockets | ||
 |
Asamm | |
| Ballistic rockets of small and medium radius action | ||
Structure
C-400 - an anti-aircraft missile complex consists of:
| 30k6e, controls | Name | Purpose |
 |
Radar detection | |
 |
Control point | |
| SPM 98Zh6E (maximum 6 pcs.) | ||
 |
Radar control | |
 |
Anti-aircraft rockets | |
 |
5p85ce2 or 5p85te2 | Launchers (max. 12 pcs.) |
| Additional means | ||
 |
Mobile tower for fasting | |
 |
RLS |
Design features
S-400 SPC, whose characteristics differ significantly from C-300, is designed using the most advanced and promising developments. Most of the processes occur in automatic mode, without human participation.
For these purposes in the KP "Triumf" are high-performance computers. Of course, if necessary, controls take operators in their hands, from among the personnel of the division.
VSS C-400 "Triumph" is highly clean and installed on wheelchair chassis.
Capable to overcome difficult areas of crossed terrain. The dimensions of all elements of the complex can be transported from the air and sea transport.
Two types of chassis for SPC are distinguished: light and heavy. Their main difference is the number of mines to start missiles.
With 400 - rocket complex Computers SP Triumph are highly recommended and able to maintain a lot of goals at different heights and distances from launchers. At the same time, the sent rocket can be released by the complex until it is rapprocheted to the distance of the defeat.
The rocket warheads include elements affecting the target with a large number of small elements that do not leave the target even a hint of the possibility of getting intact.
Another key feature is the "cold" start.
This implies the release of rockets from the mine without turning on the marching engine. First, the rocket triumph is thrown into a height of 30 meters and only then the thrust and zur starts towards the target. At the same time, inertia controls.
A similar way to launch a missile is one of key featuresWith which the S-400 anti-aircraft missile complex has a triumph. Western analogues are flying out of the launcher immediately with the engine on. Therefore, the system "Patriot" often looks as if they were set on fire.
C-400 - rocket complex, characteristics, video
We offer to watch a short video in which the characteristics with 400 triumph are clearly demonstrated.
The anti-aircraft missile complex "Patriot" is the basis of the tactical air defense service of the US Army and their allies. Domestic S-400 SPC guard the sky of the Moscow region, Far East, Baltic and South of Russia. We compared the systems and the result was not in favor of Americans.
Both complexes are designed to solve two main tasks. First, it is important to protect important objects from an air attack: air defense radars, rocket batteries, headquarters, industrial areas. Secondly, to intercept and destroy the warheads of ballistic missiles. Both "Patriot", and C-400 are designed to work in the conditions of active radio electronic counteraction - their radar stations are able to change the operating frequency intensively, tightening against interference.
American and Russian SPC are equipped with radar with a phased active grid (headlights) - it allows the fixed antenna to form the required amount of movable radiol. In addition, the complex includes a management point and starting racks of anti-aircraft missiles. SPK is mobile and able to work as autonomously and receiving information from outside: from the air defense and control points, satellites and aircraft of long-range radar detection. At the same time, any C-400 complex can not only shoot in someone else's teams, but also to manage the network of VCTs of various types: C-400, C-300, Pole-C1, Tor-M1, - Combining under its beginning Dozens of launchers with hundreds Rocket.
Patriot, yes not that
"Patriot" works as follows. The detection radar with an angle of view of 90 degrees is established in the direction of the likely appearance of air objects. Multifunctional radar searches, detecting and identifying goals, calculates their coordinates. As the dangerous purposes approached, the interception points are determined by the interception points, the indicator appears on the procedure for the shelling. When approaching the target to the planned line, the launcher turns towards the target and the rocket starts.
After starting the MIM-104 interceptor rocket, it takes on accompaniment by a guidance radar. In those moments, when the RLS beam is directed to the rocket, control commands are transmitted. At the end portion of the trajectory, the control mode changes. The radar of the guidance highlights the goal, the head of the rocket homing head catches the reflected signal and transmits data to the ground to generate control commands.
MIM-104 combat part of the fragant-fugasal, weight of 90 kilograms. According to tactical and technical characteristics, Patriot SPC is able to intercept destroy the goals flying at a speed of up to 2500 kilometers per hour, at distances up to 100 kilometers (ballistic - up to 25 kilometers) and at an altitude of up to 25 kilometers (ballistic - up to 11 kilometers). The reaction time of the complex is 15 seconds. SPC can simultaneously fire up to 8 goals, launching rockets with an interval of 3 seconds.
The probability of interception of goals declared by the manufacturer is: an aircraft 0.8-0.9, an operational-tactical rocket 0.4-0.6. Baptism of fire "Patriots" accepted during the war in the Persian Gulf. In early 1991, coalition aviation inflicted strikes through the territory of Iraq. Army Saddam Hussein replied by the Ballistic missile missiles "Abbas" and "Hussein" in the Saudi Dakhran city, near which the American military base. Iraqi rockets - Options for Soviet P-11, developed by Sergey Queen, who have no radio electronic struggle.
The Americans were foreseen such a reaction and placed several batteries "Patriot" in Saudi Arabia and Israel. The starts of Iraqi missiles were departed by American satellites, the data passed the aircraft of the AWACS system. Radaram SPK helped the NATO's commercial radar in Turkey.
Despite perfect conditions For interception: the lack of mass start, false goals and radio domain, the effectiveness of the work of "patriots" was low. From 91 Iraq issued rockets were shot down 45 at the cost of 158 anti-aircraft missiles. At the same time, in most cases there was damage to the body of the Iraqi rocket, and not the destruction of the combat part, which does not reduce damage when shooting on the squares. As a result, 28 servicemen died in the American base under Daharan.
Combat use revealed other disadvantages of American SPC: sensitivity of electrical generators to sand clogging, and radar hardware - to power instability. There were unauthorized starts. The main minus "Patriot" turned out to be a small range and the height of the interception of the target - less than 20 and 7 kilometers from the covered object, respectively. In other words, the "umbrella", which Patriot SPK spreads over its area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility, turned out to be kuts.
All that flies
The dome, which covers the wards of C-400 objects, is much more spacious - 400 kilometers along the radius and height. Externally, the SPC reminds its predecessor of the C-300 - this is done specifically that the enemy cannot understand what kind of system he opposes. But the possibilities of the C-400 overlap the indicators of any other air defense complex in the world. No wonder he was called "Triumph".
Eyes of the SPC is an obstacle radar of a circular review from two-sided headlights. He discovers all the types of flying objects in nature - from invisible aircraft to hypersonic missiles - on a range of 600 kilometers. RLS classifies goals, separates its own from strangers, determines the degree of danger of each of the latter and transfers their coordinates to the battle control point. Meanwhile, the backlight radar with a radius of action of 400 kilometers takes potential targets on support.
The unique feature of the "triumph" is that additional modules are connected to it to increase efficient work both in general and by certain types of objectives. The other day, the air-space defense shelves were revealed to the S-400-equipped shelves of air-space defense, which can simultaneously identify up to 100 goals of various classes. For interception of aircraft and missiles performed on stealth technologies, special RLS "Gamma", "Orion", "opponent" are intended to chip false purposes. There are modules for the formation of closed communication channels between the SPC at a distance of up to 90 kilometers, radio-electronic protection of complexes and interference, the radar of targeting and the mass of other useful devices.
When the goal is identified and captured, it remains to run one of the five types of missiles that are equipped with C-400. Rockets are designed to defeat various purposes at different heights, which allows the "triumph" to create an echelonized anti-air defense. The product 9m96e, for example, is able to operate outside the zone of visibility of ground-based guidance stations. This property is ensured by a fundamentally new head of the homing, developed - as well as the entire C-400 - in the Central Diamond CKB. The rocket can be assigned to the target and on teams from the ground, and independently, without requiring the backlight of the accompaniment radar. On all types of rockets it is possible to install controlled combat units, possessing both stopping (destroying the design of the target) and neutralizing (dismissal of the municipal) effect. The probability of damage to such a rocket of ballistic warheads and shock drones increases in one and two times.
All rockets used in C-400 have a cold start. They are thrown out of the strusting container of the powder catapult, at an altitude of 30 meters, the gas steering wheel rotate the rocket towards the target, after which the march engine is turned on. This increases the range of flight and reduces the near border of the lesion zone. And thanks to the vertical start, the SPC can fill the goals in any direction without the rotation of the launcher. By the way, about the borders: the lower limit of the work of the SPC "Patriot" - 60 meters. The American complex flying below is missing. C-400 knocks out objects at an altitude of five meters above the ground.
The highest characteristics declared by the manufacturer were confirmed during the exercises and tests. During the shooting at the Kapustin Polygon, Yar "Triumph" struck the target, moving at a speed of 2,800 meters per second. The second target, ballistic was launched on large height from a long distance.
It was a small target type "boar". Detect her - it's like finding a pencil in a haystack. But we were destroyed at an altitude of 16 kilometers, "said Colonel-General Yuri Solovyov told.